Volume 2

15-1
 CHAPTER 15

EQUITY

Intermediate Accounting
IFRS Edition
Kieso, Weygandt, and
Warfield
15-2
 Learning
Learning Objectives
Objectives
1. Karakteristik dari bentuk organisasi perseroan.

2. Mengidentifikasi komponen kunci dari ekuitas.

3. Menjelaskan prosedur akuntansi untuk menerbitkan saham.

4. Menjelaskan akuntansi untuk saham treasuri.

5. Menjelaskan akuntansi dan pelaporan saham preferensi.

6. Menjelaskan kebijakan yang digunakan dalam membagikan dividen.

7. Mengidentifikasi berbagai bentuk pembagian dividen.

8. Jelaskan akuntansi untuk dividen saham kecil dan besar, dan untuk
berbagi perpecahan.

9. Menunjukkan bagaimana menyajikan dan menganalisis ekuitas.

15-3
 Equity
Equity

The Corporate Preference Dividend Presentation

Equity
Form Shares Policy and Analysis

Hukum Issuance of Features Financial Presentation

Perusahaan shares Accounting condition and Analysis
Sistem Reacquisition for and dividend
Saham of shares reporting distributions

Berbagai preference Types of

kepentingan shares dividends
Kepemilikan Shares split
Disclosure of
restrictions

15-4
 The
The Corporate
Corporate Form
Form of
of Organization
Organization

Tiga bentuk organisasi bisnis

Milik
Persekutuan Korporasi
Perorangan

Karakteristik Korporasi adalah :

1. Diatur dengan hukum perseoraan.
2. Mengunakan sistem saham.
3. Pengembangan berbagai kepentingan kepemilikan

15-5 LO 1 Discuss the characteristics of the corporate form of organization.

 The
The Corporate
Corporate Form
Form of
of Organization
Organization

Sistem Saham
Dengan tidak adanya ketentuan yang membatasi, setiap
saham membawa hak-hak berikut:
1. Berbagi secara proporsional keuntungan dan kerugian.
2. Berbagi secara proporsional dalam manajemen.
3. Berbagi secara proporsional aset pada saat dilikuidasi.
4. Berbagi secara proporsional dalam setiap penerbitan
saham baru.

15-6 LO 1 Discuss the characteristics of the corporate form of organization.

 The
The Corporate
Corporate Form
Form of
of Organization
Organization

Berbagai macam kepemilikan.

Pemegang saham biasa :
 Menangung resiko kerugian.
 Menerima keuntungan.
 Tidak ada jaminan menerima deviden atau aset pada
saat dibubarkan.
Saham Preferens adalah saham dengan berbagai keistimewaan atau
preferensi khusus.

15-7 LO 1 Discuss the characteristics of the corporate form of organization.

 Equity
Equity

Ordinary
OrdinaryShares
Shares
Account
Account
Contributed
Contributed Share
SharePremium
Premium
Capital
Capital Account
Account
Preference
PreferenceShares
Shares
Account
Account

Two Primary
Sources of Retained
RetainedEarnings
Earnings
Account
Account
Equity Assets –
Liabilities =
Less:
Less:
Treasury
Equity
TreasuryShares
Shares
Account
Account

15-8 LO 2 Identify the key components of equity.

 Equity
Equity

Penerbitan Saham
Otorisasi Saham – Penjualan - Penerbitan Saham

Permasalahan akuntansi:
1. Saham dengan nilai nominal.
2. Saham Tanpa Nilai Nomimal.
3. Saham yang diterbitkan dalam kombinasi dengan surat
berharga lainnya.
4. Saham yang diterbitkan dalam transaksi non-tunai.
5. Biaya penerbitan saham.
15-9 LO 3 Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.
 Equity
Equity

Nilai Nominal Saham

Dua akun ekuitas :

 Saham prefensi atau saham biasa.
 Premi saham

15-10 LO 3 Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.

 Equity
Equity

Saham tanpa nilai nominal

Alasan Penerbitan :
 Menghindari kewajiban kontijensi.
 Menghindari kebingungan pencatatan nilai nominal
atau nilai wajar.

A major disadvantage of no-par shares is that some countries levy

a high tax on these issues. In addition, in some countries the total
issue price for no-par shares may be considered legal capital, which
could reduce the flexibility in paying dividends.

15-11 LO 3 Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.

 Equity
Equity

Illustration: Video Electronics Corporation is organized with

10,000 ordinary shares authorized without par value. If Video
Electronics issues 500 shares for cash at €10 per share, it
makes the following entry.

Cash 5,000
Share Capital—Ordinary 5,000

15-12 LO 3 Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.

 Equity
Equity

Illustration: Some countries require that no-par shares have a

stated value. If a company issued 1,000 of the shares with a €5
stated value at €15 per share for cash, it makes the following
entry.

Cash 15,000
Share Capital—Ordinary 5,000
Share Premium—Ordinary 10,000

15-13 LO 3 Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.

 Equity
Equity

Penerbitan saham dengan sekuritas lain

Dua metdode:
 Proportional method.
 Incremental method.

15-14 LO 3 Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.

 Equity
Equity
BE15-4: Ravonette Corporation issued 300 shares of $10 par value
ordinary shares and 100 shares of $50 par value preference shares for
a lump sum of $13,500. The ordinary shares have a market value of
$20 per share, and the preference shares have a market value of $90
per share.

Number Amount Total Percent

Ordinary shares 300 x $ 20.00 = $ 6,000 40%
Preference shares 100 x 90.00 9,000 60%
Fair Market Value $ 15,000 100%

Allocation: Ordinary Preference

Issue price $ 13,500 $ 13,500 Proportional
Allocation % 40% 60% Method
Total $ 5,400 $ 8,100

15-15 LO 3
 Equity
Equity
BE15-4: Ravonette Corporation issued 300 shares of $10 par value
ordinary shares and 100 shares of $50 par value preference shares for
a lump sum of $13,500. The ordinary shares have a market value of
$20 per share, and the preference shares have a market value of $90
per share.
Journal entry (Proportional):

Cash 13,500
Preference shares (100 x $50)
Share premium - preference
5,000
Ordinary shares (300 x $10)
3,100
Share premium - ordinary
3,000
15-16 2,400 LO 3 Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.
 Equity
Equity
BE15-4 (Variation): Ravonette Corporation issued 300 shares of $10
par value ordinary shares and 100 shares of $50 par value preference
shares for a lump sum of $13,500. The ordinary shares have a market
value of $20 per share, and the value of preference shares are unknown.

Number Amount Total

Ordinary shares 300 x $ 20.00 = $ 6,000
Preference shares 100 x -
Fair Market Value $ 6,000

Allocation: Ordinary Preference

Issue price $ 13,500
Incremental
Ordinary (6,000) Method
Total $ 6,000 $ 7,500

15-17 LO 3 Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.

 Equity
Equity
BE15-4 (Variation): Ravonette Corporation issued 300 shares of $10
par value ordinary shares and 100 shares of $50 par value preference
shares for a lump sum of $13,500. The ordinary shares have a market
value of $20 per share, and the value of preference shares are unknown.

Journal entry (Incremental):

Cash 13,500
Preference shares (100 x $50)
Share premium - preference
5,000
Ordinary shares (300 x $10)
2,500
Share premium - ordinary
3,000
3,000 LO 3 Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.
15-18
 Equity
Equity

Penerbitan saham dengan transaski non kas

The general rule: Perusahaan mencatat penerbitan
saham untuk jasa atau properti tanpa kas.
 Nilai wajar atas barang atau jasa yang diterima.
 Jika nilai wajar atas barang atau jasa tidak dapat
diukur secara handal, maka dapat mengunakan
nilai wajar atas saham yang diterbitkan.

15-19 LO 3 Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.

 Equity
Equity

Illustration: The following series of transactions illustrates

the procedure for recording the issuance of 10,000 shares of
$10 par value ordinary shares for a patent for Marlowe
Company, in various circumstances.

1. Marlowe cannot readily determine the fair value of the

patent, but it knows the fair value of the shares is $140,000.

Patent 140,000
Share Capital—Ordinary 100,000
Share Premium—Ordinary 40,000

15-20 LO 3 Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.

 Equity
Equity

2. Marlowe cannot readily determine the fair value of the

shares, but it determines the fair value of the patent is
$150,000.

Patent 150,000
Share Capital—Ordinary 100,000
Share Premium—Ordinary 50,000

15-21 LO 3 Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.

 Equity
Equity

3. Marlowe cannot readily determine the fair value of the

shares nor the fair value of the patent. An independent
consultant values the patent at $125,000 based on discounted
expected cash flows.

Patent 125,000
Share Capital—Ordinary 100,000
Share Premium—Ordinary 25,000

15-22 LO 3 Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.

 Equity
Equity

Biaya penerbitan saham

Biaya yang terkait langsung dengan penerbitan saham

 underwriting costs
 accounting and legal fees,
 Biaya cetak , and
 pajak,
Harus mengurangi dana yang diterima dari penjualan
saham.

15-23 LO 3 Explain the accounting procedures for issuing shares.

 Equity
Equity

Re-akuisisi saham
Tujuan pembelian kembali saham :
 Meningkatkan laba per saham dan return on equity.
 Menyediakan saham untuk kontrak kompensasi
karyawan atau untuk memenuhi kebutuhan merger yang
potensial.
 Menggagalkan upaya pengambilalihan atau untuk
mengurangi jumlah pemegang saham.
 Membuat pasar pada saham.

15-24 LO 4 Describe the accounting for treasury shares.

 Equity
Equity

Pembelian Saham Treasury

Dua methods :
 Cost method.
 Par value method.

Saham Treasuri mengurangi ekuitas.

15-25 LO 4 Describe the accounting for treasury shares.

 Equity
Equity

Illustration: Pacific Company issued 100,000 shares of $1 par

value ordinary shares at a price of $10 per share. In addition, it
has retained earnings of $300,000.
Illustration 15-3

15-26 LO 4 Describe the accounting for treasury shares.

 Equity
Equity

Illustration: Pacific Company issued 100,000 shares of $1 par

value ordinary shares at a price of $10 per share. In addition, it
has retained earnings of $300,000.

On January 20, 2011, Pacific acquires 10,000 of its shares at

$11 per share. Pacific records the reacquisition as follows.

Treasury Shares 110,000

Cash 110,000

15-27 LO 4 Describe the accounting for treasury shares.

 Equity
Equity

Illustration: The equity section for Pacific after purchase of the

treasury shares.
Illustration 15-4

15-28 LO 4 Describe the accounting for treasury shares.

 Equity
Equity

Sale of Treasury Shares

 Above Cost
 Below Cost

Both increase total assets and equity.

15-29 LO 4 Describe the accounting for treasury shares.

 Equity
Equity

Sale of Treasury Shares above Cost. Pacific acquired 10,000

treasury shares at $11 per share. It now sells 1,000 shares at
$15 per share on March 10. Pacific records the entry as follows.

Cash 15,000
Treasury Shares 11,000
Share Premium—Treasury 4,000

15-30 LO 4 Describe the accounting for treasury shares.

 Equity
Equity

Sale of Treasury Shares below Cost. Pacific sells an

additional 1,000 treasury shares on March 21 at $8 per share, it
records the sale as follows.

Cash 8,000
Share Premium—Treasury 3,000
Treasury Shares 11,000

15-31 LO 4 Describe the accounting for treasury shares.

 Equity
Equity

Illustration 15-5

Illustration: Assume that Pacific sells an additional 1,000

shares at $8 per share on April 10.

Cash 8,000
Share Premium—Treasury 1,000
Retained Earnings 2,000
Treasury Shares 11,000

15-32 LO 4 Describe the accounting for treasury shares.

 Preference
Preference Shares
Shares

Saham preferen.
1. Prerefensi untuk dividends.

2. Prerefensi untuk aset jika dilikuidasi.

3. Dapat dikonversi saham biasa.

4. Kesempatan untuk mendapatkan “option”

5. Non-voting.

15-33 LO 5 Explain the accounting for and reporting of preference shares.

 Preference
Preference Shares
Shares

Saham Preferens
 Kumulative
A corporation may attach
 Partisipasi whatever preferences or
 Convertible restrictions, as long as it
 Dapat ditarik does not violate its
country’s incorporation law.
 Dapat ditebus

The accounting for preference shares at issuance is

similar to that for ordinary shares.

15-34 LO 5 Explain the accounting for and reporting of preference shares.

 Preference
Preference Shares
Shares

Illustration: Bishop Co. issues 10,000 shares of £10 par

value preference shares for £12 cash per share. Bishop
records the issuance as follows:

Cash 120,000
Share Capital—Preference 100,000
Share Premium—Preference 20,000

15-35 LO 5 Explain the accounting for and reporting of preference shares.

 Kebijakan
Kebijakan Dividend
Dividend

Jenis Dividen

1. Dividend Tunai. 3. Dividends Likuidasi.

2. Dividends Properti. 4. Dividend Saham.

Deviden Saham = mengurangi ekuitas perusahaan.

15-36 LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.

 Kebijakan
Kebijakan Dividend
Dividend

Dividen Tunai
 Pengumuman pembagian deviden
 Pengumuman deviden = Liabilitas.

Tiga Tanggal Penting:

a. Tanggal Pengumuman
b. Tanggal Pencatatan
c. Tanggal Pembayaran

15-37 LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.

 Kebijakan
Kebijakan Dividen
Dividen
Illustration: Roadway Freight Corp pada 10 Juni mengumumkan
pembagian dividen tunai sebesar 50 sen per saham pada 1,8 juta
saham dibayarkan 16 Juli kepada pemegang saham yang tercatat
tanggal 24 Juni.
At date of declaration (June 10)
Laba ditahan 900,000
Hutang deviden
900,000

At date of record (June 24) No entry

At date of payment (July 16)

Hutang deviden 900,000
Kas
15-38 900,000 LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
 Dividend
Dividend Policy
Policy

Dividen Properti
 Dividend yang dibayarkan dalam bentuk aset selain
kas.
 Properti yang akan dibagikan sebagai deviden harus
dinilai ulang atas nilai wajarnya, untuk mengakui
keuntungan atau kerugian.

15-39 LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.

 Dividend
Dividend Policy
Policy
Illustration: Trendler, Inc membagi kepada pemegang saham berupa
investasi sekuritas seharga $ 1.250.000 dengan mengumumkan
dividen properti pada 28 Desember 2010, yang akan dibagikan pada
30 Januari 2011, untuk pemegang saham yang tercatat pada tanggal
15 Januari 2011. Pada tanggal pengumuman, sekuritas memiliki nilai
wajar sebesar $ 2.000.000.

At date of declaration (December 28, 2010)

Investasi - Saham 750,000
Unrealized Holding Gain or Loss—Income
750,000
Laba ditahan 2,000,000
Hutang Deviden Properti
15-40 LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.
2,000,000
 Dividend
Dividend Policy
Policy
Illustration: Trendler, Inc membagi kepada pemegang saham berupa
investasi sekuritas seharga $ 1.250.000 dengan mengumumkan
dividen properti pada 28 Desember 2010, yang akan dibagikan pada
30 Januari 2011, untuk pemegang saham yang tercatat pada tanggal
15 Januari 2011. Pada tanggal pengumuman, sekuritas memiliki nilai
wajar sebesar $ 2.000.000.

At date of distribution (January 30, 2011)

Hutang Deviden Properti 2,000,000
Investasi Saham
2,000,000

15-41 LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.

 Dividend
Dividend Policy
Policy

Dividen Likuidasi
Deviden yang tidak didasarkan pada laba, sehingga
akan mengurangi jumlah yang disetor oleh pemegang
saham

15-42 LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.

 Dividend
Dividend Policy
Policy
Illustration: McChesney Mines Inc mengeluarkan dividen bagi
pemegang saham biasa sebesar $ 1.200.000. Dividen tunai
diumumkan dengan catatan bahwa $ 900.000 merupakan deviden
tunai dan sisa pengembalian modal. McChesney Mines mencatat
dividen sebagai berikut.

Date of declaration
Laba ditahan 900,000
Premi Saham - Biasa 300,000
Hutang Deviden
1,200,000

15-43 LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.

 Dividend
Dividend Policy
Policy
Illustration: McChesney Mines Inc mengeluarkan dividen bagi
pemegang saham biasa sebesar $ 1.200.000. Dividen tunai
diumumkan dengan catatan bahwa $ 900.000 merupakan deviden
tunai dan sisa pengembalian modal. McChesney Mines mencatat
dividen sebagai berikut.

Date of payment
Hutang Deviden 1,200,000
Kas
1,200,000

15-44 LO 7 Identify the various forms of dividend distributions.

 Dividend
Dividend Policy
Policy

Dividen Saham
 Penerbitan saham sendiri kepada pemegang
saham secara proposional.
 Bila dividen saham kurang dari 20-25 persen dari
saham biasa yang beredar, transfer perusahaan
nilai pasar wajar dari saldo laba (dividen saham
kecil).

LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and large

15-45
share dividends, and for share splits.
 Dividend
Dividend Policy
Policy
Illustration: Vine Corporation memiliki 1,000 lembar saham biasa
yang beredar dengan nilai pari £100 dan laba ditahan £50,000. Jika
Vine declares mengumumkan 10 percent deviden saham, maka
akan ada tambahan 100 saham kepada pemegang saham. Jika
nilai wajar saham biasa £130 perlembar saham, the entry is:

Date of declaration
Laba di Tahan 13,000
Deviden Saham Biasa dibagikan
10,000
Premi Saham Biasa
3,000
LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and large
15-46
share dividends, and for share splits.
 Dividend
Dividend Policy
Policy
Illustration: Vine Corporation has outstanding 1,000 shares of
£100 par value ordinary shares and retained earnings of £50,000. If
Vine declares a 10 percent share dividend, it issues 100 additional
shares to current shareholders. If the fair value of the shares at the
time of the share dividend is £130 per share, the entry is:

Date of distribution
Deviden Saham Biasa dibagikan 10,000
Modal Saham Biasa
10,000

LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and large

15-47
share dividends, and for share splits.
 Dividend
Dividend Policy
Policy

Pemecahan Saham
 Meningkatkan Nilai Pasa Saham
 Tidak perlu pencatatan.
 Menurunkan nilai nominal dan meningkatkan lembar saham

Illustration 15-9

LO 8 Explain the accounting for small and large

15-48
share dividends, and for share splits.
 Presentation
Presentation and
and Analysis
Analysis of
of Equity
Equity

Presentation of Equity
Illustration 15-12

15-49 LO 9 Indicate how to present and analyze equity.

 Presentation
Presentation and
and Analysis
Analysis of
of Equity
Equity

Presentation of Statement of Changes in Equity

Illustration 15-13

15-50 LO 9 Indicate how to present and analyze equity.

 Presentation
Presentation and
and Analysis
Analysis of
of Equity
Equity

Analysis
Illustration: Gerber’s Inc. had net income of $360,000,
declared and paid preference dividends of $54,000, and
average ordinary shareholders’ equity of $2,550,000.
Illustration 15-14

Ratio shows how many dollars of net income the company

earned for each dollar invested by the owners.
15-51 LO 9
 Presentation
Presentation and
and Analysis
Analysis of
of Equity
Equity

Illustration: Troy Co. has cash dividends of $100,000 and

net income of $500,000, and no preference shares
outstanding.
Illustration 15-15

It is important to some investors that the payout be

sufficiently high to provide a good yield on the share.

15-52 LO 9
 Presentation
Presentation and
and Analysis
Analysis of
of Equity
Equity

Illustration: Troy Co. has cash dividends of $100,000 and

net income of $500,000, and no preference shares
outstanding.
Illustration 15-16

Amount each share would receive if the company were

liquidated on the basis of amounts reported on the balance
sheet.
15-53 LO 9
  Many countries have different investor groups than the United States.
For example, in Germany, financial institutions like banks are not only
the major creditors but often are the largest shareholders as well. In the
United States and the United Kingdom, many companies rely on
substantial investment from private investors.
 The accounting for treasury share retirements differs between IFRS and
U.S. GAAP.
 The statement of changes in equity is usually referred to as the
statement of stockholders’ equity (or shareholders’ equity) under U.S.
GAAP.
15-54
  Both IFRS and U.S. GAAP use the term retained earnings. However,
IFRS relies on the term “reserve” as a dumping ground for other types
of equity transactions, such as other comprehensive income items as
well as various types of unusual transactions related to convertible debt
and share option contracts. U.S. GAAP relies on the account
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss).
 Under IFRS, it is common to report “Revaluation Surplus” related to
increases or decreases in items such as property, plant, and equipment;
mineral resources; and intangible assets. The term surplus is generally
not used in U.S. GAAP.
15-55
 Dividend Preferences
Illustration: In 2011, Mason Company is to distribute $50,000 as
cash dividends, its outstanding ordinary shares have a par value of
$400,000, and its 6 percent preference shares have a par value of
$100,000.

1. If the preference shares are noncumulative and nonparticipating:

Illustration 15A-1

LO 10 Explain the different types of preference share

15-56
dividends and their effect on book value per share.
 Illustration: In 2011, Mason Company is to distribute $50,000 as
cash dividends, its outstanding ordinary shares have a par value of
$400,000, and its 6 percent preference shares have a par value of
$100,000.

2. If the preference shares are cumulative and non-participating,

and Mason Company did not pay dividends on the preference
shares in the preceding two years:
Illustration 15A-2

LO 10 Explain the different types of preference share

15-57
dividends and their effect on book value per share.
 3. If the preference shares is noncumulative and is fully participating:
Illustration 15A-3

15-58 LO 10
 Illustration: In 2011, Mason Company is to distribute $50,000 as
cash dividends, its outstanding ordinary shares have a par value of
$400,000, and its 6 percent preference shares have a par value of
$100,000.

4. If the preference shares are cumulative and fully participating,

and Mason Company did not pay dividends on the preference
shares in the preceding two years:
Illustration 15A-4

LO 10 Explain the different types of preference share

15-59
dividends and their effect on book value per share.
 Book Value Per Share
Book value per share is computed as net assets divided by
outstanding shares at the end of the year. The computation
becomes more complicated if a company has preference shares.
Illustration 15A-5

LO 10 Explain the different types of preference share

15-60
dividends and their effect on book value per share.
 Assume that the same facts exist except that the 5 percent preference
share are cumulative, participating up to 8 percent, and that dividends
for three years before the current year are in arrears.
Illustration 15A-6

15-61 LO 10
 Copyright
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15-62