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Process and It's Type

The document outlines the differences between process and thread management in operating systems, highlighting aspects such as system calls, context switching speed, and blocking behavior. It details key objectives of process management including creation, scheduling, synchronization, communication, and state management. Additionally, it describes the components and types of processes, such as foreground, background, interactive, and daemon processes.

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nayna sawant
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10 views8 pages

Process and It's Type

The document outlines the differences between process and thread management in operating systems, highlighting aspects such as system calls, context switching speed, and blocking behavior. It details key objectives of process management including creation, scheduling, synchronization, communication, and state management. Additionally, it describes the components and types of processes, such as foreground, background, interactive, and daemon processes.

Uploaded by

nayna sawant
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Process and Thread Management

1. System calls involved in 1. There is no system call


process. involved.
2. OS treats different processes 2. All User level threads treated
differently. as single task for OS.
3. Different process have 3. Threads share same copy of
different copies of code and data.
data,files,code.
4. Content switching is slower. 4. Context switching is faster.
5. Blocking a process will not 5. Blocking a thread will block
block another entire process.
6. Independent 6. Interdependent
• Process Management is a core function
of an operating system that involves
managing the
execution of processes (instances of
programs in execution), to ensure
optimal use of
resources, system stability, and CPU
efficiency.
• Key Objectives of Process
Management:
1. Process Creation and Termination:
Creating new processes (e.g., when you launch a
program) and properly ending them when done.

2. Process Scheduling:
Deciding which process gets to use the CPU at a
given time to ensure fair and efficient execution.

3. Process Synchronization:
Managing access to shared resources to avoid
conflicts when multiple processes run
concurrently.
4. Process Communication:
Facilitating data exchange between
processes through Inter-Process
Communication (IPC) mechanisms.

5. Process State Management:


Keeping track of the current status of each
process (e.g., running, waiting, ready).
What Is a Process?

A process is a program in execution—


complete with its own memory space,
Program Counter (PC), CPU registers,
stack, heap, I/O resources, and state.
It’s the unit of work that the OS
schedules and manages
Key Components of a Process

Program code (text section)


Program counter (address of next instruction)
Stack (local variables, function calls)
Data section (global variables)
Heap (dynamically allocated memory)
Process state (e.g., running, waiting)
Process ID (PID) (unique identifier
Types of Processes
1. Foreground Process
• Interacts directly with the user.
• Receives input from the user and displays output immediately.
• Example: A word processor, a web browser.
2. Background Process
• Runs without user interaction.
• Often performs system tasks or services.
• Example: Antivirus scanning, system backups.
3. Interactive Process
• Requires user interaction.
• Can be foreground or background.
• Example: Terminal sessions, editors.
Executes a series of jobs without user
interaction.
Usually scheduled to run automatically.
Example: Payroll system processing
overnight.

5. Daemon Process (Unix/Linux) /


Service (Windows)

Runs in the background.


Provides system or network services.
Starts at boot time and runs
continuously.
Example: cron daemon (Unix), Windows

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