THE CELL
ITS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS
Learning
Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson, the nursing
student can:
1. Explain the difference between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
2. Compare and contrast animal and plant
cells.
3. Identify the parts of an animal and
plant cell.
4. Explain cell organelle functions.
5. List the components of the cytoplasm.
CONNECT:
Guide Questions
What do you think a cell is? Can you
describe what you imagine it looks like?
Why do you think cells are important for
living organisms?
What are some things you think might be
inside a cell? What do you think these
parts do?
Can you think of any objects or systems
that might work similarly to a cell? For
example, how might a cell be like a
factory or a city?
HISTORY OF
CELL DISCOVERY
ROBERT HOOKE
• He used a microscope
to examine cork
(plant).
• He published a famous
book called
Micrographia, which
included sketches of
various natural things
under a microscope.
HISTORY OF
CELL DISCOVERY
ROBERT BROWN
• A Scottish Botanist
who was responsible
for the discovery
of the nucleus of the
cell in 1833.
HISTORY OF
CELL DISCOVERY
MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN
• A German botanist
who defined the cell
as the basic unit of a
plant structure.
HISTORY OF
CELL DISCOVERY
THEODOR SCHWANN
• A German physician
and physiologist
• His most significant
contribution to
biology is the
extension of cell
theory to animals.
HISTORY OF
CELL DISCOVERY
RUDOLF VIRCHOW
• He observed under
microscope that cells are
dividing.
• He concluded That cells
come only from other
preexisting cell.
• His theory now
debunked the
spontaneous generation
theory.
WHAT IS CELL? Red Blood Cell Sperm Cell
• Basic building blocks
of all living things Nerve Cell Bone Cell
• The human body is
composed of trillions
of cells.
FUNCTIONS OF
CELL
Structure and Support
Growth (Process of Mitosis)
Transport of nutrients
Energy Production (Process of
Photosynthesis & Respiration)
Metabolism
Reproduction (Process of
Meiosis)
TYPES
OF CELL
1.PROKARYOTIC Cell
2.EUKARYOTIC Cell
Prokaryotes
• A prokaryote is a
single-celled
organism that lacks
a nucleus and other
membrane-bound
organelles.
• Example:
BACTERIA
Eukaryotes
• A eukaryote refers to
any of the single-celled
or multicellular
organisms whose cell
contains a distinct,
membrane-bound
nucleus.
• Example:
PLANTS
ANIMALS
FUNGI
Prokaryotic Cell Vs. Eukaryotic Cell
Prokaryotic Cell Vs. Eukaryotic Cell
PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES
DNA not enclosed within a DNA is found in a nucleus and
membrane enclosed in nuclear membrane
DNA is usually a singular DNA found in multiple
circularly chromosome chromosomes
DNA not associated with histones Histones with DNA
Lack membrane bound Membrane bound organelles
organelles
Cell walls contain polysaccharide Cell walls chemically simple
peptidoglycan
Divided by binary fission Mitosis
TYPES OF
EUKARYOTIC
CELL
1.PLANT Cell
2.ANIMAL Cell
Plant Cell
• Plant cell, the basic
unit of all plants.
• Plant cells are
eukaryotic,
meaning they have
a membrane-bound
nucleus and
organelles.
Animal
Cell
• Animal cell, the
basic unit of all
animals.
• They are also
eukaryotic.
Prokaryotic Cell Vs. Eukaryotic Cell
Plant Cell Vs. Animal Cell
PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL
Plant cells are larger than animal cell. Animal cells are generally small in size.
The plasma membrane of plant cell is Cell wall is absent.
surrounded by a rigid cell of cellulose.
Plastids are present. Except the protozoan Euglena no animal
cell possesses plastids.
Most mature plant cells have a large Vacuoles in animal cells are many and
central sap vacuole. small.
Plant cells have many simpler units of Animal cells have a single highly
and prominent Golgi apparatus. complex Golgi.
Plant cells lack centrosomes and Animal cells have centrosome and
centrioles. centrioles.
CELL PARTS OR “ORGANELLES”
CELL MEMBRANE
• A thin layer of lipid and
protein
• Regulates what gets in
and out of the cell
Analogy:
“Restaurant Doors” let
people in and out of the
restaurant
CELL PARTS OR “ORGANELLES”
CYTOPLASM
• Semi-fluid matrix and other
components such as water
• Keeps the organelles in
their proper place
Analogy:
“Restaurant Floor” holds
the tables, counters, kitchen
in place
CELL PARTS OR “ORGANELLES”
NUCLEUS
• Contains genetic material
(DNA – Deoxyribonucleic
acid)
• Controls what happens
inside the cell
Analogy:
“Restaurant Manager”
controls what happen inside
the restaurant
CELL PARTS OR “ORGANELLES”
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• Produces various
substances used within the
cell and throughout the
body
1. Rough ER – make proteins
2. Smooth ER – make lipids
Analogy:
“Restaurant Kitchen”
produces several different
products
CELL PARTS OR “ORGANELLES”
GOLGI BODY
• Stack of flattened stack
• Sort and transport
substances in vesicles
that are used within the
cell
Analogy:
“Front Counter/ Cashier”
sort products into bags
CELL PARTS OR “ORGANELLES”
MITOCHONDRIA
• Store energy obtained
from food until other
organelles need it
Analogy:
“Burger drawers” store
food until it is need for a
customer’s order
CELL PARTS OR “ORGANELLES”
RIBOSOME
• Make protein needed by
the cell
Analogy:
“Hamburgers” are made
from protein as well
CELL PARTS OR “ORGANELLES”
LYSOSOME
• Breakdown and recycle
cellular debris,
discarded cellular
contents and foreign
pathogens.
Analogy:
“Garbage Truck”
CELL PARTS OR “ORGANELLES”
CENTROSOME
• Small, rounded chromatin
bodies attached to the
nuclear membrane.
Regulates reproduction or
division of cells
Analogy:
“Shipping box” being
delivered to your door
CELL PARTS OR “ORGANELLES”
VACUOLE
Space occupied by water
or fluid. Temporary
dumping site for cellular
garbage or debris. And
storage of food – CHO,
fats
Analogy:
“Water Storage Tower”
CELL PARTS OR “ORGANELLES”
CELL WALL
Surrounds the plasma
membrane of plant cells
and provides tensile
strength and protection
against mechanical and
osmotic stress.
Analogy:
“Outer Wall”
CELL PARTS OR “ORGANELLES”
CHLOROPLAST
Produce energy through
photosynthesis and
oxygen-release
processes, which sustain
plant growth and crop
yield.
Analogy:
“Kitchen”
Prokaryotic Cell Vs. Eukaryotic Cell
CHECK: CROSSWORD PUZZLE &
VENN DIAGRAM
Part A.
ANSWER “CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING”
Part B.
Make a Venn Diagram on these:
- Eukaryotic Cell and Prokaryotic Cell
- Plant and Animal Cell
