Lesson 2
COMPUTER PARTS
LAIDA P. SERAMI
CICS Computer
Instructor
WHAT IS COMPUTER?
- Is a programmable device that can perform many day-to-
day functions like simple to complex calculations, writing
letters, drawing, creating greeting cards, playing songs or
videos, and many more.
- It processes data according to a set of instructions that are
stored internally either temporarily or permanently.
- A machine that performs/executes a certain
task/command.
2 BASIC PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
1)HARDWARE
-The electronic components of a computer that can be
seen or touched.
Example:
2.) SOFTWARE
- Is a set of electronic instructions that control the operation of
computer.
- Electronic components of computer that cannot be touched.
Example:
MAIN PARTS OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM
1. Keyboard
- is to input commands, respond to prompts, and type text of
documents.
Five uses of a keyboard in a computer,
Input Date.
Type Numbers.
Text Chatting.
Type Special Character.
Types of computer shortcut Keys.
KEYBOARDING
The Computer Keyboard
- The keyboard is your primary input and control device
when using a computer. You use the keyboard to enter data
and type commands into the computer. The keyboard
translates letters, numbers, and other special symbols into
machine-readable form.
Parts of the Keyboard
Alphanumeric Keypad
Parts of the Keyboard
Alphanumeric - Also referred to as typewriter keyboard,
Keypad allows the user to type letters, numbers, and
punctuation marks.
Numeric - Located on the right-hand side of the
Keypad keyboard, enables the user to enter large
amount of numeric data efficiently. It
contains the number keys (0-9),
mathematical operators such as +, -, *, and /.
- Pressing the NumLock key is required before
entering numbers. Cursor keys are also
found on the numeric keypad such as Page
Up (PgUp) and Page Down (PgDn), and
special keys: Enter key, delete key, Insert key,
and Home key.
Cursor Keys - Or Control keys, are keys marked with an
arrow (up, down, left, right). They are also
sometimes referred to as arrow keys
because they show directional arrows.
Each of these arrows is a repeat key
which means that it will continue moving
the cursor to its proper direction as long
as it held down.
Function - Include the Esc, F1 up to F12,
Keys PrintScreen, Scroll and Pause/Break.
These keys have special functions in most
software applications.
Special Keys
Other special keys on the keyboard and their functions are as follows:
1. Shift Key – is pressed together with any letter you want to types in uppercase. It also
indicates a shift or a change in case.
2. Caps Lock Key – is pressed to type all the characters (alphabetic) in uppercase.
3. Spacebar – is used to enter spaces between characters or words.
4. Enter key – is used to move a word or a sentence to the next line.
5. Backspace – key is used to erase a character to the left of a cursor. It erases one
character at a time.
6. Delete key – is used to erase a character to the right of the cursor.
7. Home key – is pressed to move the cursor to the beginning of a line.
8. End Key – is used to move the cursor to the end of the line.
9. Page Up – key is used to move to the previous page/s or screen/s in a
document.
10. Page Down – the key is pressed to move to the next page or screens in a
document.
Uses of the Computer Keyboard
A keyboard is a peripheral modeled after the typewriter keyboard. It is one of the most
commonly used computer input devices and has the following uses:
1. A keyboard is designed for the input data. Each press of a single key corresponds to a single
symbol, letter, number, or punctuation mark. However, some symbols may also be produced by
pressing and holding down several keys simultaneously, or in sequence.
2. A keyboard is used to control the operation of the computer. Some keys do not produce any
symbol by instead affect the computer operations or the keyboard itself. Example: the pressing of
the Esc key does not produce any symbol on the screen but it cancels the last entered command in
the computer.
3. A keyboard is mainly used to enter text into a word processor or text editor. Documents are
created and typed through the keyboard using a word processor or text editor.
4. A keyboard is used to type commands on a computer. An example is pressing the Ctrl + Alt +
Del keys simultaneously to display the Windows Task Manager, including options for handling
currently running software applications.
5. A keyboard can also be used to control some computer games. Keys or various groups of
keys can usually be configured to perform some game actions. For example, a group of keys like
the W, A, S, and D keys resembling the pattern for the arrow keys is used to move or control the
actions of characters in a computer game.
Proper Care of the Keyboard
Like any other equipment, the keyboard must be properly handled
and taken care of for it to function efficiently. The following are some of
the ways to take care of the keyboard.
1. Press the keys gently. Don’t pound on them.
2. Keep the keyboard clean. When not in use, keep it in a plastic cover to
protect it from dust.
3. Regularly clean it with a dry cloth to dust off any dirt.
4. Prevent the keyboard from dropping.
5. Do not place any heavy and hard objects on top of it.
To clean the keyboard, you should follow these procedures
carefully,
1. Turn the computer off.
2. Disconnect or unplug the keyboard.
3. With a soft cloth dampened with mild cleaning solution, wipe off any
dirt or grime on the keys. You can also use a cotton bud to clean any
dust on each key or pm the sides of the keys.
4. Turn the keyboard upside down and shake it to loosen out any dirt,
dust, or small pieces of crumbs in between the keys.
5. If there’s any stubborn dirt or particles that cannot be removed easily,
spray it with a can of compressed air or use a vacuum cleaner.
6. Wait until the keyboard is dry before reconnecting it to your computer.
Keyboard Hand
Position
2. Mouse
- Is a device used to manipulate items on
the screen, such as the buttons and icons
displayed on the monitor
- A small hand-held device, similar to a
trackball, used to
Control the position of the cursor on the
video display;
movements of the mouse on a desktop
correspond to
movements of the cursor on the screen.
Parts of the Mouse
-Wheel / Scroll Wheel
-Left Mouse Button
-Right
-Additional Buttons
4 Operations of Mouse
1. Click - Left 3. Right Click - Right
2. Double Click - Left 4. Drag & Drop -Left
Mouse Operations and Functions
Operation Name Function
Opens view corresponding to icon
Open
Open.
Manipulates nonselectable aspects
Manipulate of the interface (for example.
scroll).
Moves cursor to component or
Move Cursor
element.
Spring-Loaded Pull-down Displays persistent pull-down menu
Menu from cascade button.
4. CPU- Central Processing Unit
- Is often called a processor which manages
most
of the computer operations and carries out
the basic
instructions that operate a computer.
- Also called the brain of the computer.
4. Monitor/Screen
- The display area of the computer
Two (2) types of computer monitors
1. Cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors
•Technology: Uses a beam of electrons to create an image on the screen
•Features: Older, bulkier, and heavier than LCD monitors
•Cost: Cheaper than LCD monitors
2. Liquid crystal display (LCD) monitors
•Technology: Uses flat panel displays with liquid crystal technology to control
pixels
•Features: Lightweight, energy-efficient, and have higher resolutions than CRT
monitors
•Types: TN, VA, and IPS panels are some types of LCD monitors
Other types of computer monitors include:
• LED (Light Emitting Diode) monitors: A type of LCD that uses LEDs for
backlighting
• Plasma monitors: Brighter than LCDs and can be made into larger screens
• Curved monitors: Have a slight curvature that wraps around your field of
vision
• Touchscreen monitors: Allow users to interact with their computer using touch
gestures
When choosing a monitor, you can consider factors such as resolution, refresh
rate, and your specific needs
Curved Monitor
LED Monitor Plasma Monitor Touch Screen
Monitor
5. AVR – Automatic Voltage Regulator
- Regulate the electronic power
