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3.introduction To Cryptography

Cryptography is the practice of converting readable information into an unreadable format using encryption schemes. It is categorized into symmetric encryption, which uses the same key for both encryption and decryption, and asymmetric encryption, which employs a pair of keys (public and private). Additionally, message digests are one-way hash functions that produce fixed-length outputs from input data.

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20 views7 pages

3.introduction To Cryptography

Cryptography is the practice of converting readable information into an unreadable format using encryption schemes. It is categorized into symmetric encryption, which uses the same key for both encryption and decryption, and asymmetric encryption, which employs a pair of keys (public and private). Additionally, message digests are one-way hash functions that produce fixed-length outputs from input data.

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ferduszannatul
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Cryptography

Cryptography
Cryptography is the practice of concealing information by converting
plaintext (readable format) into ciphertext (unreadable format) using a key
or encryption scheme.

Fig 1: Encryption Process


Types of Cryptography
Cryptography is categorized into two types according to the number of keys employed for
encryption and decryption.

Symmetric Encryption Asymmetric Encryption


Symmetric Encryption
• Sender and receiver use same digital key to encrypt and decrypt message
• Requires different set of keys for each transaction
• Strength of encryption
-Fixed Length of binary key used to encrypt data
• Sending secret key is a challenge
• Faster and consumes less computational energy than asymmetric key
■ Data Encryption Standard (DES)
• The plaintext and cipher text is of 64 bits and 56 bit encryption key.
• 3DES is used to ensure security
■ Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
• Most widely used symmetric key encryption
• Uses 128-, 192-, and 256-bit plaintext, cipher text and encryption keys
• Other standards use keys with up to 2,048 bits
Asymmetric Encryption
• Uses two mathematically related digital keys
❖ Public key (widely disseminated)
❖ Private key (kept secret by owner)
• Both keys used to encrypt and decrypt message
• Once key used to encrypt message, same key cannot be used to decrypt message
• Sender uses recipient’s public key to encrypt message; recipient uses private key to
decrypt it
• Slower and consumes more computational energy
• Ex: RSA, DSA Algorithm
Message Digest (One way Hash Function)
• Mathematical algorithm that produces fixed-length number called message or hash
digests. Ex: MD5, SHA.
Thank You

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