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PHRASE
A phrase is a group of related words that does not have a
subject and a verb combination. It is also used as a single
part of speech. A phrase has no meaning if used alone.
For example: in the morning ( prepositional phrase)
Note: This phrase tells us when something will happen,
but there isn't a subject and there isn't a verb
Here's how to fix it: He will visit the beach in the
morning.
PHRASE
Phrases are very important in English because
they provide necessary information.
The children are playing in the sand.
This is a good sentence, but the phrase, in the
sand, provides important information about
where the children are playing.
PHRASES
Some phrases include –ing words:
1. Lying on the beach, we reminisced about the
fun times.
2. Rewriting the last pages of her essay,
Kimberly hurried to get the work done.
3. The detectives, investigating the robbery,
found several clues.
4. The starter, wearing a red armband,
signalled the beginning of the race.
5. Breathing fire and smoke, the dragon turned
towards the knight.
USE EACH PHRASE TO COMPLETE A
SENTENCE
around the corner –
very tired -
Is sleeping-
in the band -
under the big tent
on the hill –
much quicker –
a beautiful home-
down the street -
after many hours -
through the storm-
E S
U S
L A
C
CLAUSE
A clause has a subject and a verb, but it may
or may not be a sentence.
Example: Because he likes the house.
This clause has a subject (he) and a verb
(likes) but it lacks the main part of the
sentence.
TYPES OF CLAUSES
There are two basic types of clauses:
1. Independent Clauses
2. Dependent Clauses
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
An Independent Clause has a subject and a
verb and it can stand on its own, serving as a
complete sentence.
DEPENDENT
A dependent Clause has a subject and a verb, but it
cannot stand on its own. It needs an independent
clause added to it to make it complete.
Before I went to school, I ate some breakfast.
(dependent clause) (independent clause)
Dependent clauses often begin with words such
as: before, after, while, during, when, because, if, etc.
These are known as subordinating conjunctions.
IS IT A PHRASE OR A CLAUSE?
1. Because she was late, She had to present a
valid excuse.
2. I will eat apples and drink juice.
3. Before leaving the seminar, Bill took the folder.
4. While she was sleeping, a cat came into the
room.
5. After she read the book, she decided to watch a
movie.
6. After taking a nap, she prepared her favourite
meal.
Types of
Sentences
SIMPLE SENTENCE
A simple sentence has a subject and verb.
It expresses a complete thought. It has
one clause which is an independent
clause.
For example:
She went to the store. (subject =
she / verb = went)
SIMPLE SENTENCES
A simple sentence consists of one
independent clause with a single subject and
a predicate.
Examples
1. Mary ate the mango from the tree.
2. He is sleeping.
EXAMPLES OF SIMPLE SENTENCES
The bridge fell down.
He eats rice with chopsticks.
The vacuum cleaner is working.
COMPOUND SENTENCES
A compound sentence is made by joining two
independent clauses together with a
coordinating conjunction.
Some examples:
1. Kemar bought new shoes, and he wore them
to a party.
2. Amelia liked her new house, but she didn't like
the front yard.
3. We can go see a movie, or we can get
something to eat.
COMPOUND SENTENCES
Notice that in each example, there is a subject
and a verb in each independent clause.
COMPOUND SENTENCES
Compound sentences are formed with these
coordinating conjunctions: and, but, for, or,
nor, yet, so, or a ; (the semi-colon).
EXAMPLES OF COMPOUND SENTENCES
1. The two women washed the dishes, and the
man dried them.
2. He doesn't like to get his teeth cleaned, but
he knows that it's necessary.
3. The customers were not buying the apples,
so he decided to have a sale.
4. Sue made the cookies; Jack decorated them.
EXAMPLES OF COMPOUND SENTENCES
Remember to place a comma after the first
independent clause and before the
coordinating conjunction.
Example:
The school participated in Beach Clean-up
Day, but I could not attend.
Now, try writing a few compound sentences of
your own.
EXERCISE 1
Join sentences with the most suitable coordinating
conjunction.
1. Grace played the piano. Mary sang a song.
2. The fried chicken was delicious. It sold out within an hour.
3. I have a pencil. You have a pen.
4. Kemar cannot sing. Can he dance?
5. My uncle walked. My father drove his car.
6. Stephan kicked the ball hard. He didn’t score.
7. We can’t play football. Kino lost the ball.
8. West Ham played against Manchester United. They lost the
match.
9. Chelsea scored two goals. Tottenham scored none.
10. BTS performed at the Video Music Awards. They won an
award.
WRITE THEM HERE!
CHALLENGE EXERCISE !
Now join the se sentences using two conjunctions:
1. Dortmund played a match against Union Berlin. They
fought hard to win. Dortmund remained undefeated.
2. The boy shook his head. He said the water would be
cold. It was too hot.
3. Newton was busy. He told his assistant to leave the file
on the desk. She could not locate it.
4. There was a fire in the kitchen. Charles had left a towel
near the stove . He has to put it out with an
extinguisher.
5. Sam had written a novel. Not many copies were sold.
Sam was living in poverty.
GO FOR IT!
COMPLEX SENTENCES
A complex sentence consists of one independent clause
and one or more dependent clauses. The clauses in a
complex sentence are joined with subordinating
conjunctions. The Dependent clause in a complex
sentence can appear at the beginning or end of a
sentence.
as, as if, before, after, because, though, even though,
while, when, whenever, if, during, as soon as, as long as,
since, until, unless, where, and wherever.
These words are called subordinating conjunctions.
EXAMPLE OF A COMPLEX SENTENCE
Because the bridge wasn't properly maintained
by the government, it fell down.
(Independent clause) it fell down
(Dependent clause) Because the bridge wasn't
properly maintained by the government
EXAMPLES OF A COMPLEX SENTENCE
1. He'll be able to maintain a healthy weight if
he keeps exercising.
2. As the world is getting warmer, polar bears
are in danger of becoming extinct.
3. Whenever they eat at this restaurant, they
order a hamburger and fries.
4. Now he wants to eat cake for dessert
although he ate a really big dinner.
What do you
notice about
the comma in
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
after because so that whatever
although before that when
as if though whenever
as if In order till where
that
as long as provided unless wherever
as though since until white
CLASS EXERCISE
Label the Sentences below as Simple,
Compound or Complex:
1. Crystal and Toni Ann left in a hurry and
forgot their tickets.
2. Close the door when you leave.
3. When the goalie was injured, the
substitute showed great talent.
4. Electrical Installation and Auto Mechanics
are both offered at the community
college.
5. Have you finished, or may I help you?
CLASS EXERCISE (CONT’D)
6. Since Jamaica is well known for the best
coffee, we decided to have a try.
7. Because of the extended drought, the
residents had to make
arrangements to store water for domestic use.
8. Give us the tools, and we will finish the job.
9. Anna and I waited in line for over two hours.
10. We rode on the Knutsford Express, and we
saw the view of the beautiful coastline.
REFERENCE
Learn American English Online
https://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Orange%20
Level/O1%20Simple%20Sentences.html
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