PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND
GOVERNANCE
QUARTER 4-
WEEK 3 DAY 2 1
kto12LRM-CDCB
ACTIVITY ANAGRAM
Arrange the scrambled letter to form the
correct word.
2
ACTIVITY ANAGRAM
Arrange the scrambled letter to form the
correct word.
3
PHILIPPINE POLITICS
AND
GOVERNANCE
ELECTION
4
LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
•Describe the nature of elections
and political parties in the
Philippines
HUMSS_PG12-IIC-D-6 5
kto12LRM-CDCB
ELECTION
Election is the process by which voters in a country select the official who
will exercise the powers of the government for a period fixed by law.
Elections in the Philippines are of several types.
The president, vice-president, and the senators are elected for a six-year term,
members of the House of Representatives, governors, vice-governors, members
of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (provincial board members),
mayors, vice-mayors, members of the Sangguniang Panlungsod/members of the
Sangguniang Bayan (city/municipal councilors), barangay officials, and the
members of the Sangguniang
Kabataan (youth councilors) are elected to serve for a three-year term. 6
There are two types of Elections:
1. Regular Election- one conducted nationwide or in certain
political subdivisions of the country. This is normally done
through balloting.
2. Special Election- one conducted to select the official
through balloting, who shall serve for the unexpired part of the
term for which the incumbent has been elected. The vacancy
might be due to death, incapacitated, or is recalled.
7
Who can vote
Every citizen of the Philippines, not otherwise
disqualified by law, 18 years of age or above on the day of the
election, who has resided in the Philippines for one year and
in the city or municipality wherein he or she proposes to vote
for at least six moths immediately preceding the election ,
may register as a voter. To exercise the right to vote
(Suffrage), the qualified elector must be registered in the
permanent list of voters for the city or municipality in which he
8
or she resides.
Who can vote
Members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
(AFP), Philippine National Police (PNP), and other
government officers and employees, who are duly
registered voters, are allowed to vote for the positions of
President, Vice President, Senators, and Party-list
Representatives on election day in places where they are not
registered voters but where they are temporarily assigned to
perform their duties on the day of election. This is known as
9
local absentee voting. kto12LRM-CDCB
Who can vote
Filipino citizen who are in other countries, not
otherwise disqualified by law, aged at least 18 years old, are
allowed to vote for the President, Vice President, Senators,
and Party-list Representatives.
10
Suffrage
Suffrage is the right and obligation of qualified filipino citizen to vote
in the national and local elections and in the decision of public
question submitted to them.
Suffrage is merely a privilege to be given to the citizen by the law
making power subject to constitutional limitations. As a right confined
by the constitution, suffrage is classified as a political right, such as
election, enabling every citizen to participate in the process of
government to assure that it derive its power from the consent of the
11
governed.
Suffrage
Suffrage is the right and obligation of qualified filipino citizen to
vote in the national and local elections and in the decision of public
question submitted to them.
Suffrage is merely a privilege to be given to the citizen by the
law making power subject to constitutional limitations. As a right
confined by the constitution, suffrage is classified as a political right,
such as election, enabling every citizen to participate in the process
of government to assure that it derive its power from the consent of
the governed.
12
What are the scopes of suffrage?
1. Election. It is the means by which the people choose their officials
for definite and fixed periods and to whom they entrust, for the time
being as their representatives, the exercise of powers of government.
2. Initiative. The power of the people to propose amendments to the
Constitution or to propose and enact legislation.
3. Referendum. Is the power of the electorate to approve or reject
legislation through an election called for the purpose.
13
What are the scopes of suffrage?
4. Plebiscite. It is the name given to a popular vote of the people
expressing their view within their choice for or against a proposed law
submitted to them.
5. Recall. It is method by which a public officer may be removed from
office during his tenure or before the expiration of his term by a vote of
the people after registration of a petition signed by a required
percentage of the qualified voter.
14
What are the Qualifications of Voters?
He must be:
1. A citizen (male or female) of the Philippines;
2. Not otherwise disqualified by law;
3. At least eighteen (18) years of age; and
4. Have resided in the Philippines for at least one (1) year
and in the place wherein he proposes to vote for at least six
(6) months preceding the election.
15
The COMELEC
The Commission on Elections, usually abbreviated as
COMELEC, is one of the three constitutional commissions of
the Philippines, others being the Civil Service Commission
(CSC) and the Commission on Audit (COA). The
COMELEC’s principal role is to enforce all laws and
regulations relative to the conduct of elections in the
Philippines.
16
The powers and functions of the COMELEC are
conferred upon it by the 1987 Constitution and the
Omnibus Election Code. They are classified into:
1. Administrative- refers to the enforcement and administration of election
laws.The COMELEC is authorize to issue rules and regulations to
implement the provisions of the 1987 Constitution and the Omnibus Election
Code.
2. Quasi-legislative- refers to the issuance of rules and regulations to
implement the election laws and to exercise such legislative functions as
may expressly be delegated to it by Congress.
3. Quasi-judicial- embraces the power to resolve controversies arising from
the enforcement of election laws, and to be the sole judge of all pre-
proclamation controversies; and of all contests relating to the elections,
17
returns, and qualifications.
Automated Election System
In 1997, RA 8436 was passed into law, authorizing
COMELEC to implement an automated system in the May
1998 elections, and in subsequent national and local
elections. However, “lack of preparation, time and
funding” led to the use of the automated process only in
Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi in the
1998 elections. In 2001, the COMELEC’s failure to launch a
public education campaign on the new election process led to
18
the unintended exclusion of an estimated 3 to 6 million voters.
Automated Election System
In 2007, RA 9369, amending RA 8436, was passed “to
encourage transparency, credibility, fairness, and accuracy of
elections.” An automated electoral process on a nationwide scale
was first enforced in the 2010 elections, which brought President
Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III to power. The multinational company,
Smartmatic, was chosen to supply the hardware and software for
electronic voting. A few weeks before the elections, the memory
chips of the vote counting machines were found to be faulty, and
candidates like former President Joseph Estrada petitioned to19
postpone the elections and revert to manual polls.
Automated Election System
Elections pushed through as scheduled, however, because all
technical problems were deemed to have been addressed. Four hundred
sixty-five vote counting machines were reported as malfunctional, but
75,882 machines worked smoothly. Compared to past elections where
the winners were known after weeks or months, local winners were
determined in a few hours, while half of the national winners were known
after a day. An international group of observers of the 2010 Elections
pointed out that the new system did not prevent the usual problems like
vote-buying, intimidation of voters, harassment of candidates, campaigning
against militant groups, and the presence of military men and armed goons
20
in precincts.
EVALUATION
TRUE OR FALSE
Direction: write T if the statement is TRUE
and write F if the statement is FALSE.
Please do write your answer on the given
space before each number.
21
EVALUATION- TRUE OR FALSE
_____ 1. Special Election is done when the position is vacant
due to death, incapacitated, or is recalled.
_____ 2. The acronym AFP stands for ARMED FORCES OF THE
PHILIPPINES.
_____ 3. R.A No. 8536 was created authorizing COMELEC to
use an automated election system.
_____ 4. Quasi-judicial power of the COMELEC refers to the
enforcement and administration of election laws.
22
_____ 5. Every Filipino should be 18 years old or above on the
EVALUATION- TRUE OR FALSE
_____ 6. A certain Filipino voter can participate on the day of the election
though they are not included on the registered master list of COMELEC.
_____ 7. Regular Election is conducted nationwide or in certain political
subdivisions of the country.
_____ 8. COMELEC is composed of a Chairman and six Commissioners
who are natural-born citizens of the Philippines.
_____ 9. The president, vice-president, and the senators are elected for a
six-year term.
_____ 10. The 2001 election was the first national election that utilized
an automated election system. 23
Performance Output No. 2 - I COMPOSE
IT!
Compose a political jingle. The song should not be exceeding three (3) Minutes. It
should be an original composition. Submit the composition via Facebook by
tagging me. DEADLINE is on may 29, 2023
24
Performance Output No. 2 - I COMPOSE
IT!
RUBRIC FOR SCORING
COMPOSITION 50%
(Originality, clarity of message,
language and phrasing)
RELEVANCE TO THE THEME 30%
TAGGING/ UPLOADING 20%
100%
TOTAL 25
kto12LRM-CDCB
