Class 9 Chapter
7
Triangle
SESSION:- 2025-
2026
SUMIT KUMAR OJHA
TGT MATH
JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA
PAILAPOOL , CACHAR ASSAM
WELCOME TO THE
LESSON TRIANGLES
©
Introductio
We know that a closed figure formed by three intersecting
lines is calledn
a triangle(‘Tri’ means ‘three’).A triangle has
three sides, three angles and three vertices. For e.g.-in
Triangle ABC, denoted as ∆ABC AB,BC,CA are the three
sides, ∠A,∠B,∠C are three angles and A,B,C are three
vertices.
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DEFINING THE CONGRUENCE OF TRIANGLE:-
Let us take ∆ABC and ∆XYZ such that
corresponding angles are equal and
corresponding sides are equal :-
CORRESPONDING
PARTS
A X
∠A=∠X
∠B=∠Y
∠C=∠Z
AB=XY
Y Z
B C BC=YZ
AC=XZ
Now we see that sides of ∆ABC “coincides” with
sides of ∆XYZ.
A X
Y Z
B C
Here, ∆ABC ≅ ∆XYZ
TWO TRIANGLES ARE CONGRUENT, IF ALL THE SIDES
SO WE
AND GETTHE
ALL THATANGLES OF ONE TRIANGLE ARE EQUAL
TO THE CORRESPONDING SIDES AND ANGLES OF THE
OTHER TRIANGLE.
This also means that:-
A corresponds to X
B corresponds to Y
C corresponds to Z
For any two congruent triangles the
corresponding parts are equal and are
termed as:-
CPCT – Corresponding Parts of Congruent
Triangles
SAS(side-angle-side) congruence
• Two triangles are congruent if two sides and the included angle of one triangle are
CRITERIAS FOR CONGRUENCE OF TWO
equal to the two sides and the included angle of other triangle.
TRIANGLES
ASA(angle-side-angle) congruence
• Two triangles are congruent if two angles and the included side of one triangle are
equal to two angles and the included side of other triangle.
AAS(angle-angle-side) congruence
• Two triangles are congruent if any two pairs of angle and one pair of corresponding
sides are equal.
SSS(side-side-side) congruence
• If three sides of one triangle are equal to the three sides of another triangle, then the
two triangles are congruent.
RHS(right angle-hypotenuse-side) congruence
• If in two right-angled triangles the hypotenuse and one side of one triangle are equal
to the hypotenuse and one side of the other triangle, then the two triangles are
congruent.
SAS CONGRUENCE-
A P
B C Q R
Now If, S(1) AC = PQ
A(2) ∠C = ∠R
S(3) BC = QR
Then ∆ABC ≅ ∆PQR (by SAS
congruence)
ASA CONGRUENCE-
A
D
B C E F
Now If, A(1) ∠BAC =
∠EDF
S(2) AC = DF
A(3) ∠ACB =
∠DFE
Then ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF (by ASA
congruence)
AAS CONGRUENCE- Q
A
B C P
Now If, A(1) ∠BAC =
∠QPR
A(2) ∠CBA =
∠RQP
S(3) BC = QR
Then ∆ABC ≅ ∆PQR (by AAS
congruence)
SSS CONGRUENCE-
A P
B C Q R
Now If, S(1) AB = PQ
S(2) BC = QR
S(3) CA = RP
Then ∆ABC ≅ ∆PQR (by SSS
congruence)
RHS CONGRUENCE-
A D
B C E F
Now If, R(1) ∠ABC = ∠DEF =
90°
H(2) AC = DF
S(3) BC = EF
Then ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF (by RHS
congruence)
PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLE
A
B C
A Triangle in which two sides are equal in length is
called ISOSCELES TRIANGLE. So, ∆ABC is a isosceles
triangle with AB = BC.
Angles opposite to equal sides of an isosceles triangle
are equal. A
B C
Here, ∠ABC = ∠ ACB
The sides opposite to equal angles of a triangle
are equal. A
B C
Here, AB = AC
SUMMARY
1.Two figures are congruent, if they are of the same shape and size.
2.If two sides and the included angle of one triangle is equal to the
two sides and the included angle then the two triangles are
congruent(by SAS).
3.If two angles and the included side of one triangle are equal to the
two angles and the included side of other triangle then the two
triangles are congruent( by ASA).
4.If two angles and the one side of one triangle is equal to the two
angles and the corresponding side of other triangle then the two
triangles are congruent(by AAS).
5.If three sides of a triangle is equal to the three sides of other
triangle then the two triangles are congruent(by SSS).
6.If in two right-angled triangle, hypotenuse one side of the triangle
are equal to the hypotenuse and one side of the other triangle then
the two triangle are congruent.(by RHS)
7.Angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal.
8.Sides opposite to equal angles of a triangle are equal.
9.Each angle of equilateral triangle are 60°
10.In a triangle, angles opposite to the longer side is larger
11.In a triangle, side opposite to the larger angle is longer.
In ΔABC, AD is the perpendicular bisector of BC (see Fig. 7.30). Show that ΔABC is an isosceles triangle in which
AB = AC.
Class and Home assignment:
Oral Quiz:-
1. What is the sum of angles in a triangle?" (Answer: 180 degrees)
2. If two angles of a triangle are 50° and 60°, what is the third
angle?" (Answer: 70°)
3. What is the property of angles opposite equal sides in an isosceles
triangle?" (Answer: They are equal)
4 . Can a triangle have three obtuse angles? Why or why not?"
5. What is the measure of each angle in an equilateral triangle?
MCQ:-
1. In triangle ABC, if AB=BC and ∠B = 70°, ∠A will be:
a. 70° b. 110° c. 55° d. 130°
2A triangle in which two sides are equal is called:
a. Scalene triangle b. Equilateral triangle c. Isosceles triangle d.
None of the above
3If ABC is an equilateral triangle, then each angle equals to:
a. 90° B.180° c. 120° d. 60°
Very short Answer questions:-
1 What does it mean for two triangles to be congruent?
Short Answer questions:-
1 In an isosceles triangle ABC, AB = AC. If ∠A = 90°, what are ∠B and
∠C?
2 If ΔABC ≅ ΔDEF by the SSS congruence rule, what are the equal
angles?
Long Answer questions:-
1 ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AD = BC and ∠DAB = ∠CBA. Prove
that
(i) ΔABD ≅ ΔBAC
(ii) BD = AC
(iii) ∠ABD = ∠BAC.
THANKYOU
