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A Subject Seminar On Prepared By: Magneto Hydrodynamic Power Plant Chokshi 110

This document summarizes a subject seminar on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power plants. It describes MHD generation as directly converting heat energy into electrical energy using ionized gas as a conductor in a magnetic field. The document outlines the principles and types of MHD systems, including open-cycle systems that use combustion gases and closed-cycle systems that circulate a working fluid. Advantages are high efficiency, large power generation, reliability without moving parts, and potential for lower costs compared to conventional steam plants.

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Bhavik Makani
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21 views13 pages

A Subject Seminar On Prepared By: Magneto Hydrodynamic Power Plant Chokshi 110

This document summarizes a subject seminar on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power plants. It describes MHD generation as directly converting heat energy into electrical energy using ionized gas as a conductor in a magnetic field. The document outlines the principles and types of MHD systems, including open-cycle systems that use combustion gases and closed-cycle systems that circulate a working fluid. Advantages are high efficiency, large power generation, reliability without moving parts, and potential for lower costs compared to conventional steam plants.

Uploaded by

Bhavik Makani
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A Subject Seminar On Click toMagneto hydrodynamic edit Master subtitle style power plant Prepared by Chokshi 110 CIVIL

Engg. DJMIT , Mogar.


5/4/12

INTRODUCTION

An MHD generator is a device for converting heat energy of a fuel directly into electrical energy without conventional electric generator.

In this system. An MHD converter system is a heat engine in which heat taken up at a higher temperature is partly converted into useful work and the remainder is rejected at a temperature. Like all heat engines, the thermal efficiency of an MHD converter is increased by supplying the heat at the highest practical temperature and rejecting it at the lowest practical temperature.

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PRINCIPLES OF MHD POWER GENERATION

When an electric conductor moves across a magnetic field, a voltage is induced in it which produces an electric current. This is the principle of the conventional generator where the conductors consist of copper strips. In MHD generator, the solid conductors are replaced by a gaseous conductor, an ionized gas. If such a gas is passed at a high velocity through a powerful magnetic field, a current is generated and can be extracted by placing electrodes in suitable position in the stream. The principle can be explained as follows. An electric conductor moving through a magnetic field experiences a retarding force as well as an induced electric field and current.

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VARIOUS MHD SYSTEMS

The MHD systems are broadly classified into two types.

OPEN CYCLE SYSTEM

CLOSED CYCLE SYSTEM

Seeded inert gas system Liquid metal system

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OPEN CYCLE SYSTEM

The fuel used maybe oil through an oil tank or gasified coal through a coal gasification plant The fuel (coal, oil or natural gas) is burnt in the combustor or combustion chamber. The hot gases from combustor is then seeded with a small amount of ionized alkali metal (cesium or potassium) to increase the electrical conductivity of the gas. The seed material, generally potassium carbonate is injected into the combustion chamber, the potassium is then ionized by the hot combustion gases at temperature of roughly 2300 c to 2700c. 5/4/12

OPEN CYCLE SYSTEM

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OPEN CYCLE SYSTEM

To attain such high temperatures, the compressed air is used to burn the coal in the combustion chamber, must be adequate to at least 1100c. A lower preheat temperature would be adequate if the air is enriched in oxygen. An alternative is used to compress oxygen alone for combustion of fuel, little or no preheating is then required. The additional cost of oxygen might be balanced by saving on the preheater. The hot pressurized working fluid living in the combustor flows through a convergent divergent nozzle. In passing through the nozzle, the random motion energy of the molecules in the hot gas is largely converted into directed, mass of energy. Thus , the gas emerges from the nozzle and enters the MHD generator unit at a high velocity.

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CLOSED CYCLE SYSTEM

Two general types of closed cycle MHD generators are being investigated. Electrical conductivity is maintained in the working fluid by ionization of a seeded material, as in open cycle system. A liquid metal provides the conductivity.

The carrier is usually a chemical inert gas, all through a liquid carrier is been used with a liquid metal conductor. The working fluid is circulated in a closed loop and is heated by the combustion gases using a heat exchanger. Hence the heat sources and the working fluid are independent. The working fluid is helium or argon with cesium seeding. 5/4/12

CLOSED CYCLE SYSTEM

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ADVANTAGES

The conversion efficiency of a MHD system can be around 50% much higher compared to the most efficient steam plants. Still higher efficiencies are expected in future, around 60 65 %, with the improvements in experience and technology.

Large amount of power is generated.

It has no moving parts, so more reliable.

The closed cycle system produces power, free of pollution.

It has ability to reach the full power level as soon as started. 5/4/12

ADVANTAGES

Although the cost cannot be predicted very accurately, yet it has been reported that capital costs of MHD plants will be competitive to conventional steam plants. It has been estimated that the overall operational costs in a plant would be about 20% less than conventional steam plants. Direct conversion of heat into electricity permits to eliminate the turbine (compared with a gas turbine power plant) or both the boiler and the turbine (compared with a steam power plant) elimination reduces losses of energy. These systems permit better fuel utilization. The reduced fuel consumption would offer additional economic and special benefits and would also lead to conservation of energy resources. It is possible to use MHD for peak power generations and emergency service. It has been estimated that MHD equipment for such duties is simpler, has capability of generating in large units and has the ability to make rapid start to full load. 5/4/12

Reference

Textbook(B.L.Singhal) from google

Images

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THANK YOU ..

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