principles of
reinforced/pre-stressed
concrete design
course
outline
01. Introduction to RC
(Properties of Concrete and
Steel)
02. Analysis and Design for
Flexural strength of RC
03. Analysis and Design for
Shear of RC
course
outline
04. Analysis and Design for Torsion
05. Analysis and Design of
Compression Member
06. Introduction of
Prestressed
course
requirements
SW/HW/PROJECT
/CLASS PART. ...............................
20%
QUIZ .............................
.. 30%
MAJOR EXAM ...............................
50%
CUT- OF F= 60%
required
• NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF
THE PHILIPPINES (INDIVIDUAL)
• Design excel sheet for Beam,
Column, and Slab ( Group Project)
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO REINFORCED CONCRETE
CONCRETE
The word concrete
comes from the Latin
word “concretus”
(meaning compact and
CONCRETE
Concrete has a high compressive strength
and a very low tensile strength.
CONCRETE
Concrete is a mixture of sand, gravel,
crushed rock, or other aggregates Held
together in a rocklike mass with a paste of
cement and water
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
Is a combination of concrete and steel
wherein the steel reinforcement provides the
tensile strength lacking in the concrete.
Steel reinforcing is also capable of resisting
compression forces and is used in columns as
well as in other situations.
ADVANTAGE It has considerable compressive strength per unit cost
compared with most other materials.
OF RC AS Reinforced concrete has great resistance to the actions
STRUCTURAL of fire and water and, in fact, is the best structural
materialavailable for situations where water is present
MATERIAL Reinforced concrete structures are very rigid.
It is a low-maintenance material.
As compared with other materials, ithas a very long
servicelife.
It is usuallytheonly economical materialavailable for
footings,floor slabs, basement walls, piers, and
similarapplications
A special featureof concrete is its ability to be cast into
an extraordinary varietyof shapes from simple slabs,
ADVANTAGE beams,and columns to great arches and shells.
OF RC AS Reinforced concrete has great resistance to the actions
of fire and water and, in fact, is the best structural
STRUCTURAL materialavailable for situations where water is present
MATERIAL 1In most areas, concrete takes advantageof inexpensive
local materials (sand,gravel, and water)and requires
relatively small amounts of cement and reinforcing
steel, which may have to be shipped from other parts of
the country.
•A lower grade of skilled labor is required for erection as
compared with other materialssuch as structuralsteel.
DISADVANTAGE
OF RC AS Concrete has a very low tensile strength, requiring the
STRUCTURAL use of tensile reinforcing.
MATERIAL
Forms are required to hold the concrete in place until it
hardens sufficiently
the low strength per unit of volume of concrete means
memberswill be relatively large
The properties of concrete vary widely because of
variations in its proportioning and mixing
PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH
PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY
PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
MODULUS OF RUPTURE
PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
Shear strength
the tests of concrete shearing strengths
through the years have yielded values
all the way from one-third to four-fifths
of the ultimate compressive strengths
PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
shrinkage
After the concrete has been cured and begins to dry, the extra mixing
water that was used begins to work its way out of the concrete to the
surface, where it evaporates. As a result, the concrete shrinks and
cracks
shrinkage is the decrease in volume of concrete during hardening and
drying under constant temperature
HYDRATION- THE CHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN THE
CEMENT AND WATER AFTER THE COMPONENTS OF
CONCRETE HAVE BEEN MIXED TOGETHER WHICH
PRODUCES SIGNIFICANT QUANTITIES OF HEAT
PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
shrinkage
To minimize shrinkage, it is desirable to:
(1) keep the amount of mixing water to a minimum;
(2) cure the concrete well;
(3) place the concrete for walls, floors, and other large items in small
sections (thus allowing some of the shrinkage to take place before the
next section is placed);
(4) use construction joints to control the position of cracks;
(5) use shrinkage reinforcement; and
(6) use appropriate dense and nonporous aggregates.
PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
BLEEDING
Voids are created by air bubbles produced during the mixing process
and by segregation of the coarse aggregate from the mortar when
concrete is poured in the forms. Since approximately twice as much
as water is needed for the workability than is required to react with
the cement, fine channels develop throughout the concrete as excess
water rises to the surface when the concrete is vibrated. The rise of
the water to the surface is called bleeding
PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
creep
Under sustained compressive loads, concrete will continue to deform for long
periods of time. After the initial deformation occurs, the additional deformation
is called creep, or plastic flow.
If a compressive load is applied to a concrete member, an immediate or
instantaneous elastic
shortening occurs. If the load is left in place for a long time, the member
will continue to shorten
over a period of several years, and the final deformation will usually be two
to three times the
initial deformation.
PROPERTIES OF aggregates
• Three-fourths of concrete volume
• No. 4 sieve
• maximum size “one-fifth of the
narrowest dimensions, one-third of
the depth of slabs. ¾ of minimum
clear spacing between reinforcing “
• Strong, durable and clean
HONEY COMB
The absence of mortar
between aggregates
PROPERTIES OF STEEL
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY
PROPERTIES OF STEEL
Thank you!
