October 2025
Stacking & Storage
Definition of
“Stacking & Storage” :
The organized placement and
safekeeping of materials, goods, or
equipment in a manner that prevents
accidents, damage, or obstruction,
ensuring workplace safety, accessibility,
and operational efficiency.
Legal Requirements in
South Africa
In South Africa, stacking and
storage are regulated under
occupational health and safety
(OHS) legislation, primarily the
Occupational Health and Safety
Act 85 of 1993 (OHSA), its
regulations, and associated codes
of practice.
General Safety Regulations
(GSR), 1986
Regulation 3: Employers must ensure that materials are
stacked safely, and heavy items are placed at lower
levels to prevent tipping or falling.
Regulation 4: Aisles and access routes must be kept
clear; storage must not obstruct emergency exits.
Regulation 8: When using lifting or stacking equipment
(like forklifts or pallet jacks), employees must be trained
and competent.
Construction Regulations,
2014
• Materials must be stacked on firm foundations
to prevent collapse.
• Height limits for stacking must be observed.
• Hazardous materials (chemicals, flammables)
must be stored according to hazard-specific
standards (e.g., SANS 10228, SANS 10131).
• Floor Storage
• Racking Storage
• Shelving Storage
• Bin Storage
• Bulk Storage
• Mezzanine Storage
• Hazardous Material Storage
Planning:
the types of material(s) being
stored
potential traffic flows and
movements
possible pedestrian impacts
other health and safety impacts,
such as lighting or other
electrical clearances
the shape of the materials
concerned
Planning (Continued) :
volume of material movements
weight of materials to be stored
any hazardous materials, which
might have special storage needs
the movement apparatus being
used
access
the shape of the area concerned
Construction Safety Overview
Fatalities:
The construction sector records approximately 1.5 to 2
fatalities per week, making it one of South Africa's
highest-risk industries.
Injuries:
Between 2014 and 2023, the Federated Employers
Mutual Assurance (FEM) reported a total of 76,796
injuries, with 25,755 categorized as "struck-by" accidents.
Scaffold-Related Incidents:
Scaffold collapses and related accidents are notable
causes of injury and fatality in the
construction sector.
Safe Stacking and Storage Practices for
Hazardous Materials / Products:
• Stable Stacking: Ensure that stacks are stable and not prone to
collapse.
• Segregation: Store incompatible materials separately to prevent
reactions.
• Labeling: Clearly label all containers with hazard symbols and
handling instructions.
• Ventilation: Maintain adequate ventilation to prevent the
accumulation of hazardous fumes.
• Emergency Access: Ensure that emergency equipment and exits
are unobstructed.
• Training: Provide regular training to employees on safe handling
and emergency procedures.
Environmental Factors
Environmental conditions like humidity,
extreme temperatures, and lighting
can affect the integrity of stacks and
materials.
For example:
Moisture: Damp conditions can weaken cardboard boxes or rust
metal containers, compromising stack stability.
Heat: Prolonged exposure to heat can warp plastic materials or
weaken adhesive seals.
Poor Lighting: Insufficient lighting in storage areas increases
the risk of accidents during stacking or retrieval.
Manual Handling
Manual handling involves lifting, carrying, pushing,
pulling, or moving objects by hand or bodily force.
Improper handling can cause musculoskeletal injuries,
slips, trips, or falls.
When stacking or storing materials:
• Plan the lift: Check the weight, shape, and stability of
the material.
• Assess the path: Ensure the route is clear of
obstacles, slippery surfaces, or uneven floors.
• Use mechanical aids when possible (trolleys,
forklifts, pallet jacks, hoists).
Manual Handling – Continued…
• Materials that must be manually lifted should be
placed at “power zone” height - about mid-thigh to
mid-chest of the person doing the lifting.
• Bending and/or reaching moves the load away from
the body and allows leverage to significantly
increase the effective load on the back, leading to
stress on the lower spine and muscle fatigue.
• Carrying loads on one shoulder, under an arm or in
one hand creates uneven pressure on the spine.
Non-Compliance:
Non-compliance with stacking and storage
regulations can lead to significant penalties,
including fines and potential imprisonment.
Employers are encouraged to stay informed
about the latest regulations and to consult with
safety experts to ensure full compliance.
“Good storage is like good friendship
- supportive and upright.”
