Street light controlling using Microcontroller

STREET LIGHT THAT GLOWS ON DETECTING
VEHICLE MOVEMENT
Submitted by:
NIKHIL.KOTTARU

1. Introduction
2. block diagram & Working Principle
3. Microcontroller & Basic Component
4. Circuit Diagram & Implementation
5. Circuit Components
6. Result
7. Advantages
8. Applications
9. Conclusion
10. Future scope
CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
This project based on the embedded system is used for the control of the street
lights. Embedded System is a combination of computer hardware and software. An
embedded system can be defined as a computing device that does a specific focused
job. Appliances such as the air-conditioner, VCD player, DVD player, printer, fax
machine, mobile phone etc. are examples of embedded systems. Each of these
appliances will have a processor and special hardware to meet the specific requirement
of the application along with the embedded software that is executed by the processor
for meeting that specific requirement. The embedded software is also called “firm
ware”. The desktop/laptop computer is a general purpose computer

block diagram & Working Principle
Block Diagram:
Light
Sensor
Micro
C
O
N
T
R
O
L
E
R
Driver
IC
Street
Light

Working Principle
 This proposed system provides a solution for energy saving.
 This is achieved by sensing an approaching vehicle and then
switches ON a block of street lights ahead of the vehicle.
 As the vehicle passes by, the trailing lights switch OFF
automatically. Thus, we save a lot of energy.
 However, there is another mode of operation where instead of
switching OFF the lights completely, they remain ON with 10% of
the maximum intensity. Street Light That Glows On Detecting
Vehicle Movement

Microcontroller (AT89C51):
Ports:
Port 0 - external memory access
low address byte/data
Port 2 - external memory access
high address byte
Port 1 - general purpose I/O
pins 0, 1 for timer/counter 2
Port 3 - Special features
0 - RxD: serial input
1 - TxD: serial output
2 - INT0: external interrupt
3 - INT1: external interrupt
4 - T0: timer/counter 0 external input
5 - T1: timer/counter 1 external input
6 - WR: external data memory write strobe
7 - RD: external data memory read strobe

8051 Basic Component:
4K bytes internal ROM
128 bytes internal RAM
Four 8-bit I/O ports (P0 - P3).
Two 16-bit timers/counters
One serial interface
64k external memory for code
64k external memory for data Microcontroller
210 bit addressable

Circuit Diagram & Implementation

Implementation
 230V Ac power supply will be given to micro controller through
Adapter. It can be convert the 230V Ac into 12V Dc by step down
transformer.
 We have three inputs, those are LDRs(Light depending resister),
crystal oscillator and reset and three Outputs those are 3led steeps
for light sensor.
 Reset output is connected to the microcontroller’s 9 pin.
 LDR Sensors output is connected to the microcontroller’s Port0s
 ULN2003IC input is connected o microcontroller’s Port 2 – 21 pin,
pin23 and pin 24 and it’ s output is connected to Led steeps.
 Relay drivers are using to ON/off condition in Led`s connected to
microcontroller’s.

Circuit Components
1. Resistor
2. Capacitor
3. Power Supply
4. 7812 LED
5. LDR sensor
6. ULN2003
7. LED (light emitted resister)

A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the
flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit. Resistors can also
be used to provide a specific voltage for an active device such as
a transistor
Capacitor store electric charge. They are used with resistors
in timing circuit because it takes time for a capacitor to fill
with charge. They are used to smooth varying DC supplies by
acting as a reservoir of charge.
The input to the circuit is applied from the regulated power
supply. The a.c input i.e., 230V from the mains supply is step
down by the transformer to 12V and is fed to a rectifier.
Transformers are using in power supply. It is DC voltages are
required to operate various electronic equipment and these
voltages are 5V, 9V or 12V. But these voltages cannot be
obtained directly. and also rectifiers, capacitor filters are
using in power supply.

The 7812 series of three terminal positive regulators are available
in the TO-220/D-PAK package and with several fixed output
voltages, making them useful in a wide range of applications.
The ULN2003 is a monolithic high voltage and high current
Darlington transistor arrays. The collector-current rating of a
single Darlington pair is 500mA. Applications include relay
drivers, hammer drivers, lamp drivers, display drivers (LED gas
discharge), line drivers, and logic buffers The ULN2003 has a
2.7kW series base resistor.
LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors are very useful especially in
light/dark sensor circuits. Normally the resistance of an LDR is
very high, sometimes as high as 1000 000 ohms, but when they
are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically.
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor diode that
emits incoherent narrow spectrum light when electrically
biased in the forward direction of the pn-junction, as in the
common LED circuit. This effect is a form of
electroluminescence.

Result
The project is designed to detect vehicle movement on
highways to switch ON only a block of street lights before of vehicles
and to switch OFF the behind lights to save energy. Now a days during
night all the lights ON in highway, but lots of energy is wasted when
there is no vehicle movement.

Advantages:
 This circuit uses LED Bulbs, so it is very low cost and it
has more life span.
 Maximum energy can be saved.
 Low maintenance and low power consumption.
 Low power consumption.
 Less manpower required.
 Light Sensors used have high sensitivity and are Easily
implementable.

Applications
Parking Lightings
Street Lights
Garden Lights
Highways

CONCLUSION
In this project we allow the users to set the conditions appropriate to the
crop is growing. The more accurate a sensor is, better it will perform. The unit
will monitor the conditions of various parameter considerations and take
appropriate action. Action taken is as follows.
 If sun light is lower than the set sensitivity: switch ON only a block of
street lights before of vehicles and to switch OFF the behind lights.
 If sun light is high than the set sensitivity: vehicles moving on the road
but off the bulb.
 If no vehicles moving on the road: turn OFF the LED`s.
 If vehicles moving on the road: turn ON the bulb.

FUTURE SCOPE
 The number of channels can be increased to interface more number of
Light sensors which is possible by using advanced versions of
microcontrollers.
 Further the project can be enhanced by using appropriate sensors for
detecting the failed street light and then sending an SMS to the
control department via GSM modem for appropriate action.
 This system can be connected to communication devices such as
GSM, cellular phones or satellite terminal to enable the remote
collection of recorded data or alarming of certain parameters.

Street light controlling using Microcontroller

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