Copd,bronchiectasis,ards
- 1. NAME : AMINA MUNAWAR ROLL NO : 15003 ASSIGNMENT : CPPT
- 2. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE COPD is a disease state characterized by presence of airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The impairment of lung function is largely fixed but may be particularly reversible by bronchodilator therapy. CHRONIC BRONCHITIS It is a clinical disorder characterized by productive cough on most of the days for at least three consecutive months for more than two successive years. CLINICAL FEATURES Productive cough Chest pain
- 3. Depression Fever Weight loss Cyanosis PHYSICAL THERAPY TREATMENT Postural drainage , airway clearance technique Breathing control and reduce work of breathing ( high side lying, relaxed sitting, forward lean sitting, relaxed standing ) Thoracic mobilization exercises Increased exercise tolerance Percussion and vibration EMPHYSEMA It is defined as abnormal and permanent dilation of the air spaces lying beyond the terminal bronchioles accompanies by destruction of their air walls.
- 4. CLINICAL FEATURES Early stage Dyspnea Nonproductive Diaphragm flattens AP diameter increases Hypoxemia Prolonged expiratory phase Later stage Hypercapnia Pursed lip breathing Use of accessory muscles Underweight Diminished lung sounds
- 5. PHYSICAL THERAPY TREATMENT Re education of breathing pattern Postural drainage – removal of secretions Improve thoracic mobility Increase exercise tolerance and function ( breathing control taught in position of relaxation progressing from half lying to standing ) To regain fullest possible function BRONCHIECTASIS It is a condition characterized by permanent dilation and destruction of bronchi due to obstructive changes in the elastic and muscular layers of bronchial walls that may be diffused or localized resulting in impairment of the drainage of bronchial secretions lead to persistent infection in the affected segment and lobe. CLINICAL FEATURES Chronic productive cough Purulent sputum Hemoptysis Weight loss Anorexia Fingers clubbing PHYSICAL THERAPY TREATMENT
- 6. Bronchiectasis reduces mucociliary clearance and patient needs education in sputum clearance Daily programme is required that is sufficient to eliminate coughing in between clearance sessions Hydration an exercise programme is often adequate but other measures such as postural drainage is required Patient should be discouraged from coughing until they are ready to expectorate to minimize fatigue and cough related stress incontinence Encourage the patient to set up life long programme that is effective and suited to their lifestyle Occasional reviews are required Non invasive ventilation can benefit those with diffuse diseased ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME It is also known as adult respiratory distress syndrome or non cardiogenic pulmonary edema or shock lung. It is a group of disease in which there is damage to the alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium that allows the alveolar spaces to become flooded with edema of high protein content. It is a severe life threatening medical condition.
- 7. CLINICAL FEATURES Dyspnea Labored breathing Tachypnea Intercostal retraction Crepitations all over the base of both the lungs PHYSICAL THERAPY TREATMENT Sitting position optimize lung capacity Use of reclining chair at the bedside perhaps should be considered more often
- 8. Potential function of all the lung fields will be benefitted with the lungs in a more upright position Patients who are not too unstable to tolerate upright positions may respond may respond favorably to the prone position