Hurricanes ppt
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The document provides a comprehensive overview of hurricanes, detailing their formation, parts, naming conventions, and categorization according to the Saffir-Simpson scale. It also discusses the historical impact of significant hurricanes, listing the deadliest storms and their associated damages. Additionally, safety tips for hurricane preparedness and the effects of hurricanes on society are included.
Hurricanes ppt
- 2. Contents • What is a Hurricane? • What are the parts of the Hurricanes? • Categories of the Hurricanes • What makes Hurricanes form? • How are Hurricanes Named • Seasons of the Hurricanes • How Hurricanes are studies • 10 most worst Hurricanes in the history • Damages and effects of Hurricanes • Hurricanes Safety Tips
- 3. What is a Hurricane? • A hurricane is a type of storm called a tropical cyclone, which forms over tropical or subtropical waters. • A tropical cyclone is a rotating low-pressure weather system that has organized thunderstorms but no fronts (a boundary separating two air masses of different densities). • Tropical cyclones with maximum sustained surface winds of less than 39 miles per hour (mph) are called tropical depressions • A tropical depression becomes a tropical storm if its winds reach 63 km/hr (39 mph). • A tropical storm becomes a hurricane if its winds reach 119 km/hr (74 mph).
- 4. What are the parts of a Hurricane? • Eye: The eye is the "hole" at the center of the storm. Winds are light in this area. Skies are partly cloudy, and sometimes even clear. • Eye wall: The eye wall is a ring of thunderstorms. These storms swirl around the eye. The wall is where winds are strongest and rain is heaviest. • Rain bands: Bands of clouds and rain go far out from a hurricane's eye wall. These bands stretch for hundreds of miles. They contain thunderstorms and sometimes tornadoes.
- 5. What are the parts of a Hurricane?
- 6. Categories of Hurricanes • Hurricanes are categorized on the basis of the intensity is measure using the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale. • It is names after Herbert Saffir, a consulting engineer in Coral Gables Florida & Robert Simpson, director of the National Hurricane Center. • Mr. Saffir developed the first version of the scale in 1971 , which uses wind speeds as a guide to the damage. • The scale is devised on the basis of the Hurricane Camille that hit the Mississippi Coast on August 17,1969. • Saffir-Simpson scales hurricanes are rated by their potential for damage on a scale one to five.
- 7. Categories of Hurricanes Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale Category Winds (MPH) Damage Storm Surge (feet) 1 74 – 95 Minimal: Damage to unanchored mobile homes, vegetation & signs. Coastal road flooding ,Some shallow flooding of susceptible homes. 4 - 5 2 96 – 110 Moderate: Significant damage to mobile homes & trees. Significant flooding of roads near the coast & bay. 6 - 8 3 111 – 130 Extensive: Structural damage to small buildings. Large trees down. Mobile homes largely destroyed. Widespread flooding near the coast & bay. 9 - 12 4 131 – 155 Extreme: Most trees blown down.Structural damage to many building.Roof failure on small structures.Flooding extends far inland.Major damage to strucutres near shore. 13 - 18 5 > 155 Catastrophic: All trees blown down.Some complete building failures.Widespread roof failures.Flood damage to lower floors less than 15 feet above sea level. > 18
- 9. What makes hurricanes Form? • There are two main ingredients that are needed for the formation of hurricanes. 1. One ingredient is warm water. Warm ocean waters provide the energy a storm needs to become a hurricane. Usually, the surface water temperature must be 26 degrees Celsius (79 degrees Fahrenheit) or higher for a hurricane to form. 2. The other ingredient is winds that don't change much in speed or direction as they go up in the sky. Winds that change a lot with height can rip storms apart.
- 10. Points to Remember Hurricanes can be called as cyclones or typhoons. Scientists just call these storms different things depending on where they occur. 1 In the Atlantic and northern Pacific, the storms are called "hurricanes," after the Caribbean god of evil, named Hurricanes2 In the northwestern Pacific, the same powerful storms are called "typhoons." In the southeastern Indian Ocean and southwestern Pacific, they are called "severe tropical cyclones." 3 In the northern Indian Ocean, they're called "severe cyclonic storms." In the southwestern Indian Ocean, they're just "tropical cyclones." 4
- 11. How Are Hurricanes Named? • There can be more than one hurricane at a time. This is one reason hurricanes are named. Names make it easier to keep track of and talk about storms. • A storm is given a name if it becomes a tropical storm. That name stays with the storm if it goes on to become a hurricane. • Each year, tropical storms are named in alphabetical order. The names come from a list of names for that year. • There are six lists of names. Lists are reused every six years.
- 12. How Are Hurricanes Named? Atlantic Names
- 13. How Are Hurricanes Named? East North Pacific Names
- 14. Central North Pacific Names How Are Hurricanes Named?
- 15. How Are Hurricanes Named? Northern Indian Ocean Names
- 16. Seasons of the Hurricanes • The Atlantic hurricane season runs from June 1 through November 30 • In the northeastern Pacific, the official season runs from May 15 to November 30. • In the northwestern Pacific, typhoons are most common from late June through December. • The northern Indian Ocean sees cyclones from April to December.
- 17. How Hurricanes are studied • Satellite that takes pictures of hurricanes from space • Some satellite instruments measure cloud and ocean temperatures. Others measure the height of clouds and how fast rain is falling. Still others measure the speed and direction of winds. • An Airplane which flies into and above hurricanes. The instruments onboard gather details about the storm. Some parts of a hurricane are too dangerous for people to fly into. To study these parts, NASA uses airplanes that operate without people.
- 18. 10 Most worst Hurricanes in the History
- 19. 10. HUGO • Hurricane Hugo was one of the most fearsome storms to hit the Carolinas, causing 50 deaths and about $8 billion in damage in the U.S. and Caribbean. • The massive storm was classified as a Category 3 hurricane as it approached Charleston from Puerto Rico in late September 1989, but intensified to a Category 4 storm before making landfall at Sullivan's Island, S.C. • With winds clocking in at 135 mph (217 kph), Hugo was the strongest storm to hit the east coast north of Florida since Hurricane Hazel in 1954. The storm also moved quickly -- at nearly a 30 mph (48 kph) clip -- causing significant damage in inland areas after passing north of Charleston 10 Most worst Hurricanes in the History Figure showing Two yachts caught during Hurricane Hugo
- 20. 09. HARVEY IRMA • In late August 2017, Hurricane Harvey arrived in the United States as a Category 4 storm. • the arrival of Harvey coincided with its peak intensity: winds of 130 mph (215 kph). • Flooding in Houston was severe, as Harvey remained over the area for days, dumping up to 50 inches (127 centimeters) of water in certain locations. • More than 13,000 people required rescuing throughout Texas, and an overall 30,000 people from that state were displaced by floodwaters. • The impact could range from $70-108 billion, making it most likely the second-most expensive storm in U.S. history • As of Sept. 4, 2017, Harvey had claimed at least 65 lives in the United States 10 Most worst Hurricanes in the History Figure showing Residential neighborhoods near Interstate 10 in Houston, Texas, sit in floodwater on Aug. 29 2017, in the wake of Hurricane Harvey.
- 21. 08. SANDY • After barreling through Jamaica, Cuba and Haiti, the huge, slow-moving storm weakened to a post- tropical cyclone before making U.S. landfall in October 2012. • Storm surges of more than 13 feet (4 meters) left parts of lower Manhattan under water and residents across the borough without power for days. • Sandy destroyed or damaged about 650,000 homes in the Northeast region and killed 117 people in the U.S. alone, as well as 69 others in Canada and the Caribbean. • At an approximate impact of $65 billion, Hurricane Sandy was the third-most costly hurricane in U.S. history 10 Most worst Hurricanes in the History Figure Showing A destroyed home in Union Beach, N.J. following the ravaging by Hurricane Sandy.
- 22. 07. CAMILLE • Camille, a nasty storm that brought heavy flooding and 200-mph (320-kph) winds to the Gulf Coast and later Virginia, was one of only three Category 5 hurricanes to hit the Continental U.S. since 1900. • In 1969 Camille played an important role in hurricane tracking in that it spawned the creation of the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, which ranks storms from categories 1 to 5 based on wind speed. • The storm resulted in 256 deaths and more than $1.4 billion in damage 10 Most worst Hurricanes in the History Figure Showing Charlie and Josey Watson salvage what was left of their home after Hurricane Camille ripped through
- 23. 06. GILBERT • With a 500 nautical mile (926 kilometer) diameter, Gilbert was one of the largest hurricanes ever observed in the Atlantic basin. • After becoming a Category 5 storm in September 1988, Gilbert literally covered the entire island of Jamaica, damaging roughly 80 percent of the island's homes. • The hurricane then moved on to the Cayman Islands and Mexico, among other areas, before weakening and crossing into Texas, manifesting itself in a series of tornadoes. • The storm caused 318 deaths, including 200 people killed in flooding in Mexico and 28 who died when a Cuban freight ship was thrown into a shrimp boat. Gilbert-related damage topped out at about $5.5 billion 10 Most worst Hurricanes in the History Figure showing Hurricane Gilbert blows some treetops on the island of Jamaica, which was completely covered by the storm.
- 24. 05. FLORIDA Keys Labor Day Hurricane • This Category 5 storm, considered the strongest to hit the U.S. in the 20th century, brought 200-mph (320-kph) winds and soaking rain to the upper and middle Florida Keys and killed approximately 400 people. • This storm is simply known as the "Labor Day Hurricane" because the practice of naming hurricanes didn't begin until 1953. • Damage in the United States was estimated at $6 million 10 Most worst Hurricanes in the History Figure showing Rescue workers search the devastated grounds of the Florida Keys for more victims of the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935
- 25. 04. KATRINA • On August 2017 Category 3 hurricane reached the New Orleans, water topped over its systems of levees causing them to break and the streets to flood. Eventually, 80 percent of the city was underwater. • Hurricane Katrina claimed 1,833 lives and at $108 billion is considered the costliest hurricane in U.S. history, though 2017's Hurricane Harvey could surpass that amount once the damage is tallied. • Katrina also displaced 400,000 people to areas like Houston and Atlanta • NOTE: Hurricane Katrina is often referred to as a man-made, rather than natural, disaster by those who fault infrastructure problems for the decimation caused by this storm that ravaged New Orleans and other parts of the Gulf Coast. 10 Most worst Hurricanes in the History Figure showing This dog rode out Hurricane Katrina on a piece of wood
- 26. 03. GALVESTON Hurricane of 1900 • The Galveston Hurricane of 1900 took an estimated 6,000 to 12,000 lives, mostly in Texas, in September 1900 and is considered the deadliest hurricane in U.S. history • The Category 4 storm brought 20-foot (6- meter) storm surges and flash flooding and even pounded Oklahoma and Kansas when it was done with Texas • More than 3,600 homes, as well as a number of structures believed to be "storm proof" were destroyed in the hurricane, whose damage totaled $30 million 10 Most worst Hurricanes in the History Figure showing This home was twisted but remained standing after the Galveston Hurricane of 1900.
- 27. 02. MITCH • In October 1998, With approximately 11,000 people dead (and thousands more missing), Mitch is the second-deadliest hurricane on record and the worst to hit the Western Hemisphere in more than 200 years. • Nicaragua was also devastated by Mitch, losing 2,000 people in one mudslide alone • The storm caused more than $5 billion in damage in Honduras, 10 Most worst Hurricanes in the History Figure showing The residents of Tegucigalpa, Honduras clean the streets of the capital after Hurricane Mitch unleashed deadly mudslides.
- 28. 01. The Great Hurricane of 1780 • The Great Hurricane of 1780 blasted its way through the Caribbean, killing approximately 22,000 people. • While there isn't much data on record regarding the hurricane's speed or rainfall, what we do know is that the storm bombarded several Caribbean islands, including Barbados, Martinique and St. Lucia over six days in October. • One local observer wrote that the hurricane stripped bark off of trees, which has caused some to speculate the winds must have topped 200 mph (320 kph). • This massive storm is considered the deadliest hurricane of all time. 10 Most worst Hurricanes in the History Figure showing The 17th-century fort survived the Great Hurricane of 1780.
- 29. Damages and Effects of Hurricanes Hurricanes can cause damages in the form of following sources : 1. High Winds 2. Storm Surge 3. Heavy Rainfall 4. Tornadoes
- 30. Damages and Effects of Hurricanes • High Windof a hurricane range from 74 mph (65 knots) in a minimal storm to greater than 155 mph (136 knots) in a catastrophic one. • Wind is responsible for much of the structural damage caused by hurricanes. High winds uproot trees and tear down power lines. • The wind speed and potential damage of a hurricane is expressed as categories according to he Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. • The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale puts wind speeds, damage inflicted, and power outages into five categories.
- 31. Damages and Effects of Hurricanes • Storm Surgeis a rapid rise in the level of water that moves onto land as the eye of the storm makes landfall. • Two factors that cause storm surge are: • Strong winds that push the water toward the coast • Suction created by the storm's low pressure. • This unusual occurrence created the devastation during Hurricane Sandy. • Water levels can rise up to 15 feet and a lot more. • A 23-foot storm surge would flood 67 percent of U.S. interstates, including 57 percent of arterial highways. It would cover almost half of rail miles, 29 airports and almost all ports in the Gulf Coast area.
- 32. Damages and Effects of Hurricanes • HEAVY RAINFALLis produced by hurricanes. The amount of rainfall usually varies between 6 and 12 inches. • The heavy rains associated with a tropical weather system are responsible not only for major flooding in areas where the storm initially strikes, but also can affect areas hundreds of miles from where the storm originally made landfall. • The most deadly rainfall occurs inland because a hurricane produces destructive floods • Rains are heaviest in the six hours before and the six hours after the hurricane reaches landfall. • Sometimes a hurricane can last for days and produce floods. These floods can occur more than 100 miles inland.
- 33. Damages and Effects of Hurricanes • TORNADOESis a violently rotating column of air that extends from the bottom of a vertically developed cloud • TORNADOES are often produced by hurricanes. • Some hurricanes develop several tornadoes, while others create none at all. • During Hurricane Beulah in 1967, 141 tornadoes developed on the Texas coast.
- 36. Hurricanes : A General Overview