Basics of Indoor Lighting

INDOOR LIGHTING USING DIALUX
Michael Santiago, REE, AILP, MIES
LAD Engineer
Saudi Lighting Co.

Integrated Institute of Electrical Engineers
Central Region Chapter, Saudi Arabia
IIEE-CRCSA 2nd Technical Seminar
February 17, 2012
White Palace Hotel


WIFM? – What’s in it for me?

1. Why is good lighting design important?
2. Teach Me How To Do It – Indoor Lighting
3. Manual Calculation Sample
4. Dialux Light - Verification
5. Dialux 4.10 – Indoor Lighting
6. Emergency Lighting in Dialux - Optional

Importance Checklist Manual Calculation DIALux Indoor Lighting Emergency Lighting Closing

Why is Good Lighting Design Important?

1. Human Needs
2. Architecture
3. Economics
4. Environment

SOURCE: IESNA Lighting Handbook , 8th Edition, Chapter 10



1. Human Needs
a. Visibility
b. Task Performance
c. Mood & Atmosphere
d. Visual Comfort
e. Safety
~ The smaller the details the higher illumination
required to see the subject.
Example: Watchmakers, Tailors and Surgeons all
need highly illuminated tasks to see fully



1. Human Needs
a. Visibility
b. Task Performance
d. Visual Comfort
e. Safety
~ The faster the pace of activity the higher
illumination required to see the subject.
Example: A Fastfood or Hypermarket requires
high illumination for quick view & activity



1. Human Needs
a. Visibility
b. Task Performance
d. Visual Comfort
e. Safety
~ Light can create relaxing ambience, highlight a
room element or mellow a setting
Example: Sublime lighting are needed in hotels
and restaurants as they create a lingering
feeling for customers



1. Human Needs
a. Visibility
b. Task Performance
d. Visual Comfort
e. Safety
~ Flickers, Low Illumination, Harsh Glares are
some of the suspects that causes fatigue
Example: A workspace with even or diffuse
lighting will be more comfortable than
sudden brightness-darkness changes



1. Human Needs
a. Visibility
b. Task Performance
d. Visual Comfort
e. Safety ~ It is a national and local concern that all public
places would have easily recognizable
escape plan whether in emergency or not
Example: Building floors with multiple
intersections should have good directions
SOURCE: IESNA Lighting Handbook , 8th Edition, Chapter 10 for passage or for escape.


2. Solve Lighting Problems
a. Overhead Glare

CAUSE: SOLUTION:
1. Badly shielded luminaires 1. Use VDU type Modular FL Luminaires
2. Over-exposed daylight from windows 2. Blinds and perpendicular tables from
windows


a. Overhead Glare
b. Veiling Glare

SOLUTION:
CAUSE:
1. Initial lighting design should consider
1. Bright Light Source Directly on top
room layout
2. Low Contrast from Surrounding
2. Decrease in contrast by lighting up
walls


a. Overhead Glare
b. Veiling Glare
c. Shadowing

SOLUTION:
CAUSE:
1. Smaller spacing between luminaires
1. Wide spacing of luminaires
2. Lighting design should consider light
2. Low light output not reaching lux level
depreciation factors


a. Overhead Glare
b. Veiling Glare
c. Shadowing
d. Gloom

CAUSE: SOLUTION:
1. Ceiling is not illuminated at all 1. Use of direct/indirect fixtures
2. Low reflectances from Ceiling-Walls- 2. Use of bright colored ceiling & wall
Floors finishes


a. Overhead Glare
b. Veiling Glare
c. Shadowing
d. Gloom
e. Stroboscopic Effect

SOLUTION:
CAUSE:
1. Use of high frequency control gears
1. Lamp is operated on low frequency
2. Adjacent luminaires are on separate
2. Use of same or single phase circuits
and alternating circuits in a 3 system


Indoor Lighting Checklist
ILLUMINATION
INTERIOR DETAILS LUMINAIRE DETAILS LAMP DETAILS
DETAILS

Room Name Mounting Type Lamp Types Photometric
Curves
Room Application Ingress Protection Ballast Types
How to Interpret
Room Layout Optical Controllers Color Rendering
IES & LDT
Index, CRI
Room Task Areas SLC Part Number
Ordering Color Temperature

Lamp Coding


Indoor Lighting Checklist INTERIOR DETAILS

1. Room Dimensions

Length x Width x Height

Rectangular or Irregular



2. Room Application

Room Name



3. Room Layout

Furniture

Doors & Windows

Ceiling Slab or False Ceiling

Columns & Coves
Void Spaces



4. Room Task Areas

Workplane

Floor Level

Vertical Illumination

Wall Zone



4. Room Task Areas

Workplane

- reference plane at which
lux is calculated or
measured at

IMAGE SOURCE: Licht.Wissen 01 - Lighting with Artificial Light



4. Room Task Areas


- Refers to the measured
plane by which visual
activity is on vertical
- example: Control Panels




4. Room Task Areas

Workplane

Floor Level


Wall Zone

Task Area
Immediate Surrounding



4. Room Task Areas

BSI EN 12464-1

Task Area - defined as the partial area
in the interior workplace where visual
task is carried out.
Surrounding Area - immediate area
surrounding the task area within the
field of vision.
- min of 0.5m wide zone/band around
the task area

SOURCE: BSI EN 12464-1 Part 1 Lighting of Indoor Work Spaces


Indoor Lighting Checklist LUMINAIRE DETAILS

1. Mounting Type CEILING
Recessed Mounted

5712 - Diffuser Type

5734 - Louver Type




Recessed Mounted
Surface Mounted

7035 - Diffuser Type

5033 - Louver Type




Recessed Mounted
Surface Mounted

5073 - Direct Pendant Mounted

5100 – Direct /
Indirect




Recessed Mounted
Surface Mounted

Pendant Mounted
ALC904R - Direct
Wall Washers




Recessed Mounted
Surface Mounted

Pendant Mounted
5870 - horizontal
Wall Washers
Track Mounted &
Downlights

5770 - Vertical




1. Mounting Type WALL
Bedheads

HL - Bedhead




Bedheads
Above Doors

7071 - Exit




Bedheads
Above Doors

Wall Bracket

6342 - Bracket




Bedheads
Above Doors

Wall Bracket
5506 - Recessed
Recessed Mounted

Surface Mounted

8513W - Surface




1. Mounting Type FLOOR
Standee Type




1. Mounting Type FLOOR

Foot Mounted

Inground
5387 - Bollard

4471 - Recessed




First Digit: Protection from Solids Second Digit: Protection from Liquids
2. Ingress Protection
0 No protection. No Protection 0 No protection. No Protection

Protected against solid objects Protected against vertically DRIP
1 1

IP _ _
up to 50 mm ø HANDS falling drops of water PROOF

Protected against water spray ANGLE
Protected against solid objects FINGERS
2 up to 12mm ø 2 up to 15 degrees from DRIP-
PROOF
vertical.
Protected against water spray
Protected against solid objects SPRAY
3 up to 2.5 mm ø
TOOLS 3 up to 60 degrees from
PROOF
vertical.
Protected against solid objects Protected against water SPLASH
North American practice is to 4 over 1 mm ø
WIRES 4 sprays from all directions. PROOF
use NEMA standards to Protected against dusts. DUST Protected against water jets JET
5 (No harmful deposits). PROOF 5 from all directions. PROOF
describe ingress protection Protected against strong
DUST WATER
~ NEMA 3 is similar to IP54 6 Totally protected against dust.
TIGHT 6 water jets from all directions.
PROOF
e.g. Offshore
~ NEMA 4 is similar to IP55 Protected against immersion
IMMERSION
~ NEMA 4X is similar to IP56 7 between 15cm and 1m in
PROOF
depth.
~ NEMA 6 is similar to IP67 Protected against long SUBMERSIBLE
8 Immersion under pressure. TYPES

QUOTE SOURCE: DIN IEC 60598 / VDE 0711 & IEC PUBLICATION No. 529



3. Optical Controllers DIFFUSERS

0 – Opal Plain

2 – Clear Acrylic

Lighting Effect: Lighting Effect:
DIFFUSION REFRACTION
~ Diffuse and even ~ Comprised of small
out the brightness conical prisms, it breaks
of the luminous up the light into angles
area causing less glare
IMAGE SOURCE: SLC Catalogue 2008 | SLC FOL Lesson 1



3. Optical Controllers Covers

GL – Clear Glass

GF – Frosted Glass

Because of possible
lamp shattering &
UV radiation, it best
to have protective
glass shielding for
tungsten halogen
and metal halide
lamps.
IMAGE SOURCE: SLC Catalogue 2008 & & SLC FOL Lesson 2 | QUOTE SOURCE: IEC 34D/784/CD



3. Optical Controllers REFLECTORS

Parabolic Reflectors

~ Deep parabolic
reflector shields the
lamp from direct view
~ Specular Type
Reflectors are perfect
for VDU terminals
application

IMAGE & QUOTE SOURCE: SLC Catalogue 2008 | SLC FOL Lesson 2



3. Optical Controllers REFLECTORS

Parabolic Reflectors

Industrial Reflectors

Symmetrical Industrial Asymmetrical Industrial
Reflector Reflector

QUOTE SOURCE: IEC 34D/784/CD Clause 4.21.1



3. SLC PART NUMBER CODING

5712A /418BF.2.E3
5712 – Product Code
A – Mounting Type
4 – Number of Lamps
18 – Type of Lamps
B – Voltage Rating
F – Type of Ballast
2 – Type of Optical Controller
E3 – Emergency Option

QUIZ TIME!
Example: 5712A /418BF.2.E3 SPECIFICATION:
IP65 rated pendant mounted
luminaire with 2x36w T8 fluorescent
lamps on 220V/60Hz electronic
ballast. Housing complete with clear
acrylic diffuser and internal specular
aluminum reflector. Must have self-
contained, maintained 1.5 hour
duration emergency battery pack.
Use Saudi Lighting 7295 fixture

Send Answer to
056-262-34-90


Indoor Lighting Checklist LAMP DETAILS

1. LAMP TYPES Incandescent Lamps

Common Lamp
Wattages:
60, 75, 100, 150, 2
00, 300

~ Invented by Thomas Alva Edison in 1879.
~ Light is generated by heating the filament to
incandescence.
~ The heat generated by filament making lamp
SLC Code:
life shorter 11-100
~ Very good Color Rendering Property (100w INC)
~ Low lamp efficacy (lumen/watt)
IMAGE SOURCE: Osram Lamp Catalog 2006|2007 & QUOTE SOURCE: GE Lamp Products Catalog 2006




Tungsten Halogen
Common Lamp
Wattages:
100, 300, 500, 75
0, 1000, 1500

~ Unlike standard incandescent lamps, halogen
lamps use a halogen gas which allows the bulbs
to burn longer without sacrificing light output.
~ Excellent Beam Control
SLC Code:
~ Longer Life ~ Compact Size 8R-150
~ Direct to Mains ~ Crisp White Light (150w Tungsten Halogen)
~ Very Good Color Rendering



Common Lamp Tungsten Halogen
Wattages:
5, 7, 9, 10 11, 13, Compact Fluorescent
18, 26, 32, 36, 42,
46, 55

- Typically use amalgam technology which provides stable
lumen performance in any operating position.
- Typically reaches 90% max output between 7°C to 70°C
- Typically has soft and glare-free light output
SLC Code:
- Big energy savings due to High efficacy (lumens/watts) CD26
- High Color Rendering and color ranges from warm white, (26W DULUX-D CFL)
cool white and daylight



Lamp Categories:
1. LAMP TYPES 1 – Mercury Vapor Incandescent Lamps
(MV)
2 – Elliptical Metal Tungsten Halogen
Halide (MH)
3 – Tubular Metal Compact Fluorescent
Halide (MH)
4 – Elliptical High High Intensity
Pressure Sodium (HPS)
5 – Tubular High
Discharge (HID)
Pressure Sodium (HPS)
~ Light Source of choice for: 6 – Low Pressure
a. Longer life (maintenance) Sodium (LPS) *obs.
b. More Luminous Output
c. Industrial & Commercial applications
Common Lamp SLC Code:
Wattages
d. Road & Landscape applications 35, 70, 100, 150, 175, 5-400
~ Problems with long restrike time 250, 400, 600, 1000, 400w tubular HPS
1500, 2000
~ Requires constant wattage gears




Tungsten Halogen
Common Lamp
Types: Compact Fluorescent
T5, T8, T12,
Circular FL High Intensity
Discharge (HID)
~ GE introduced the first FL tube in 1939 Fluorescent
~ Hot Start within 1 second
~ Low initial cost but high lumen output
~ Standard for Office Lighting due to soft but even lighting
SLC Code:
~ Long Life, Good Rendering and easy maintenance 236
~ Flexible due to sizes, shapes, color and wattage ranges 2 x 36w T8 FL




1. LAMP TYPES Fluorescents

The luminous flux of the lamp at Ta=25°C and the luminous flux of the luminaire at Ta=25°C are used as basis for calculating luminous efficacy. - Osram Catalogue 2006|2007 page 4.31

LAMP REFERENCE SOURCE: Osram Catalogue 2006|2007



2. BALLAST TYPES

SS - Switch
HF - High RS – Rapid Start
RS - Rapid Start Frequency
Start
Electronic SS – Switch Start

HF – HF Electronic
T12

T8

T5
QUOTE SOURCE: Saudi Lighting Catalogue 2008



3. Color Rendering Index
~ a.k.a. CIE color rendering
index CRI or Ra
~ is a measure of how well a
light source renders a set of
standard test colors relative to
the light sources color
temperature.
~ CRI Group is based on DIN
5035
~ Good CRI is required in textile,
advertising & medical clinics to
reveal true color of subject.
QUOTE SOURCE: SLL Lighting Handbook 2008 & IMAGE SOURCE: Osram Catalogue 2006|2007



4. Color Temperature, °K
~ a.k.a. correlated colour temperature or
CCT
~ The basis of this measure is the fact
that the spectral power distribution of a
black body is defined by Planck's
Radiation Law and hence is a function of
its temperature only
~ Simply means, the hotter it gets, the
bluer it radiates. The cooler it gets, the
redder it radiates.

QUOTE SOURCE: SLL Lighting Handbook 2008 & SLC FOL Lesson 2



5. Lamp Coding Application

IMAGE SOURCE: Osram Catalogue 2006|2007 & GE Catalog 2008



5. Lamp Coding Application

Coding

IMAGE SOURCE: Osram Catalogue 2006|2007 & GE Catalog 2008


Indoor Lighting Checklist ILLUMINATION DETAILS

1. Photometric Curves

XP201

IMAGE SOURCE: SLC Catalogue 2008



1. Photometric Curves

IMAGE SOURCE: SLC Catalogue 2008



2. Interpreting LDT & IES Files LDT File

Line 01 Company / Manufacturer Name
Line 09 Luminaire Name or Description
Line 10 Luminaire Number or Part Number
Line 13 Length / Diameter (if round) of luminiare (mm)
Line 14 Width (0 if round) of luminaire in mm
Line 15 Height of luminiare in mm
Line 16 Length / Diameter (if round) of luminous surface (mm)
Line 17 Width (0 if round) of luminaire in mm
Line 23 Light Output Ratio Luminaire LORL (%)
Line 26a Number of Lamps in Luminaire
Line 26b Type of Lamps or Lamp Code
Line 26c Total Luminous Flux in lumens
Line 26d Color Temp in K
Line 26e Color Rendering Group or Color Rendering Index in %
Line 26f Total System Wattage (including losses)

Reference source: EULUMDAT File Format Specification. Copyright 1999-2011 byHeart Consultants Limited



2. Interpreting LDT & IES Files LDT File

IES File
LM-63-1995 File Format Variant
[TEST] Luminaire Test Number
[DATE] Date of Testing
[MANUFAC] Company or Manufacturer
[LUMCAT] Luminiare Part Number
[LUMINIARE] Luminiare Description
[LAMP] Lamp Code
"TILT = NONE"
LINE 10
<no of lamps> <lumens per lamp> <candela multiplier>
<# of vertical angles> <# of horizontal angles>
<photometric type> (1 for Type C, 2 for Type B, 3 for Type A)
<units type> (1 for feet, 2 for meters)
<width>
<length>
<height>
LINE 11
<ballast factor>
<future use> (ballast lamp photometric factor)
<input watts>

Reference source: Parsing The IESNA LM-63 Photometric Data File by Ian Ashdown of byHeart Consultants Limited


The Lumen Method

total lamp lumens x Uf CU
total lamp lumens x x MF
total flux on workplane
Eave = -------------------------------------
Eave = -------------------------------------
workplane area
workplane area

~ Used to calculate Average Illuminance on the workplane of an Interior
~ Cofficient of Utilization (Uf) is applied as fraction of lumens that reaches
the workplane from light sources plus its inter-reflections from
ceiling, walls & floors (c-w-f)
~ Maintenance Factor is a applied as a fraction of estimated lumen
depreciation caused by lamp ageing, lamp maintenance, luminaire dirt
accumulation and room surface dirt accumulation over time


The Lumen Method

F x n x E x A X Uf
N x MF
E ==----------------------------
N --------------------------
F x n x A X Uf
MF

~ Total lamp lumens = Flux per lamp x No. of Lamps/fixture x No. of Fixture
~ We shall arrive with a more detailed Formula for Lumen Method.
~ Using the same, we shall be able to come up with the number of lighting
fixtures that will reach the desired average lux level, thus:



The Lumen Method
N – Total Number of Fixtures
~ To be Calculated
E – Average Lux Level Target on Workplane
~ Refer to Standards
ExA A – Area of Workplane
N = -------------------------- ~ Refer to Architectural Drawings
F x n x MF X Uf F – Design Lumens of Lamp Used
~ Refer to Lamp Manufacturer
n – Number of Lamps per Fixture
~ Refer to Lighting Legend or Specification
MF – Maintenance Factor
~ Refer to Room Application
Uf – Utilization Factor
~ Refer to Luminaire Manufacturer


Average Lux – Refer to Standard
IESNA

SOURCE: IESNA Lighting Handbook , 8th Edition, Chapter 10 QUALITATIVE REFERENCE


Average Lux – Refer to Standard
IESNA

ISO / CIE

SOURCE: ISO 8995:2002(E) / CIE S 008/E-2001 QUANTITATIVE REFERENCE


Maintenance Factor
- Also called Light Loss Factor
- Demand to meet target lux level
after time and dirt has taken its toll
on the fixture
- Combination of Recoverable and
Non-Recoverable Factors that will
affect the light output of fixture in
time:
- Some of these factors can be
computed and some are
intelligently assumed values


Maintenance Factor
- The following design factors are listed in DIN 5035 Part 1:

- The reciprocal value of the design factor is the maintenance factor v.

SOURCE: DIN 5035


Sample Problem
How many recessed mounted fixture LUMEN METHOD
5712A/236BF.2 to use in a Open Office
with a Dimension of 5m x 4m x 3m? ExA
N = ---------------------------
Given:
F x n x MF x Uf
5712A/236BF.2,
F = 3350 lumens To get the Uf, find the Room Index
n = 2 lamps LxW 5x4
MF = 0.8 RI = --------------- = -----------------------
Office Eave = 300 lux (L + W) Hw (5 + 4)(3.0-0.76)
A = 5 x 4, RI = 0.992
Ch = Mh = 3m
Workplane (Table): 0.76m
Uf = ?


Sample Problem
How many recessed mounted fixture LUMEN METHOD
5712A/236BF.2 to use in a Open Office
with a Dimension of 5m x 4m x 3m? ExA
N = ---------------------------
Reflectance F x n x MF x Uf
Ceiling – Wall – Floor: 70% - 50% - 20%
(300) x (20)
N = ---------------------------
3350 x 2 x 0.8 x 0.4

N = 2.799 ≈ 3.0 fixtures

To Verify this, we use
Dialux Light software


DIALux

Simple, effective and professional light planning
Latest luminaire data of the world's leading manufacturers
Latest state of the art software always available free of charge
Energy evaluation at the drop of a hat
Coloured light scenes with LED or other colour changing
luminaires


Indoor Lighting in DIALux

~ Initial Settings ~ Control Group
~ Import of a CAD ~ Light Scenes
~ Add & Subtract Objects ~ Emergency Option
~ Add & Subtract Textures ~ Print Outputs
~ Furniture & Room Elements
~ Workplane & Wallzone
~ Luminaire Arrangement
~ Copy options
~ Import of a luminaire
~ Luminaire & Lamp Features


Sample Indoor Lighting Works in DIALux


EXIT & EMERGENCY SOLUTIONS
a. EXIT LIGHTS
~ without presence of flammable materials:
- (SLC7071) 8w FL with electronic ballast
~ with presence of flammable materials: battery & fuel
- explosion protected fixture (SLC EE11PL/CSE11)
- 8w FL with electronic ballast, charged from 127Vac

Note:
• Exit Signs to be installed above doors, intersections
• Ideal Maximum Viewing Distance of 30 meters
• Greater than 30 m, use 1x18, 2x08, 2x18 FL lamps

SOURCE: SLC Catalogue 2008


b. DC CIRCUIT FED
~ Automatically turns on when AC circuit fails
either via automatic or manual transfer switch
~ Fed from Vdc emergency lighting panel
~ Min 60w incandescent fixture
~ Explosion-proof fixture,
Min 60w inc lamp for Battery & Fuel Rooms
~ TARGETS:
- Average: 10 lux
- Minimum: 1 lux any point within 1m of escape path



c. TWINSPOT
~ 2 x 25w PAR36 (SLC VX-CTL/NM3 2x20.B)
~ 2 x 55w PAR36 (SLC VX-CTL/NM3 2x55.B)
~ Stairs, Corridors, Toilets, Control Rooms
~ TARGETS:
- Minimum: 1 lux along center line of escape path
~ Typical Mounting:



e. SELF-CONTAINED
- Emergency battery packs installed inside fixture
that automatically will energize lamp/lamps
when AC power fails
- Types:
a. Non-Maintained (EN)
~ Normal: Off, Emergency: On
b. Maintained (E)
~ Normal: On, Emergency: On
- Duration:
a. E or EN: 1.5 hours
b. E3 or EN3: 3.0 hours


e. SELF-CONTAINED
- BALLAST LUMEN FACTOR (BLF)
~ Normal 100% Lamp output WILL DECREASE to
about 20% Light output during emergency mode

Example:
Normal: 36w T8 lamp: 3350 lumens output
BLF according to Ventilux KPHFM-4-58: 0.09
Emergency: 36w T8 lamp: 301.5 lumens output
SOURCE: Ventilux Ltd, KPHFM Series


f. AUXILLARY INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- Particularly used on High bay applications
a. using Remotely Installed Battery Pack
~ outside gear box or fixture housing
~ Maximum 2m cable
~ charged via AC and is Non-Maintained
~ Max 100w Quartz Lamp, 12Vdc
b. DC fed
~ maximum 250W incandescent lamp
~ E27 lamp socket



g. CENTRAL BATTERY SYSTEMS
- can give off 100% Output
- Addressable fixture, lamp, gears and circuit
- Fluorescent Lamps need to use electronic ballast
- Demand is according to Ampere-Hour (Ah)
- For more information and training:
Refer to Saudi Lighting Central Battery Systems
CBS Department



HELPFUL LINKS

DIALux Website
http://www.dial.de/DIAL/en/home.html

DIALux Tech Support Forum
http://board.dialux.com/

GOOD RESOURCE WEBSITE
http://www.licht.de/en/


HELPFUL LINKS

THANK YOU!

Basics of Indoor Lighting

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