Internet programming lecture 1

Lecturer, and Researcher atThamar University
By Eng: Mohammed Hussein
Email: mohammedhbi@gmail.com
Republic of
Yemen
THAMAR UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Computer Science&
Information System
1By Eng: Mohammed Hussein

Outline
 Course Details
 Introduction
 Programming and TheWeb
 Programming vs. Scripting
 Serving HTML Pages
 Web Server
 Accessing a database
 Web application
 Ajax
 HTMLTags

CourseDetails
 Grading :
 Practical and Project : 35%
 One topic per/students from a specified set
 30 minutes presentation
 Examination : 65%
 E.g. question you ask and how much you interact

Whatyou have to do in your project?
Eng.Tariq will describe for you during the practical
class time.
In additional to that, you have to study and implement
the DevelopPHPCustomCMS project, which
shows the course concept.
By Eng: Mohammed Hussein 4

Introduction
• WorldWideWeb(WWW):
• a collection of interlinked multimedia documents that are stored on the
Internet
• HyperTextTransfer Protocol(HTTP) :
• a protocol to access the WWW.
• Dynamic HTML Object Model
– Allows web authors to control the presentation of their pages
– Gives them access to all the elements on their pages.
• Web page: consist of
– Elements, forms, frames, tables
– Represented in an object hierarchy
• Scripting
– Retrieve and modify properties and attributes

Programming and Web
 Adding dynamic elements to
web.
 HTML and XHTML pages are
static - no real interactivity
with the user.
 Web programming languages
such as Flash, JavaScript and
PHP can be used to add
interactivity to HTML/XHTML.
 Examples include responding
to mouse and keyboard
actions, checking user input,
building web pages
dynamically, inputting and
displaying data, etc.
Text, Graphics & Pictures
HTML, DHTML, XHTML & CSS
PHP & MySql
Flash, JavaScript & XML

Programming and Web
 Client-side vs. Server-side
 Client refers to the end-user's computer or a program running on
that computer.
 Server refers to a central computer (or a program running on a
central computer) that clients connect to and interact with.
 Clients and Servers connect via the Internet or a local network
such as an intranet.
 Differences between client-side and server-side are important
when programming for theWorldWideWeb.
 In most cases, creating a dynamic web site requires both client-
side programming (e.g. JavaScript) and server-side
programming (e.g. PHP).

Programming vs. Scripting
 Not a concrete distinction, but...
 Programming languages generally have stricter rules of
syntax, often need to be compiled, and usually produce
code that can run more or less independently of other
software.
 Scripting languages are generally less strict about syntax,
are usually interpreted rather than compiled, and often
produce code that works with another application (e.g. a
web browser or a web server).
 Most newcomers find scripting languages easier to learn.
 JavaScript and PHP (in its usual form) are both scripting
languages.

Serving HTML Pages
 How clients can request
HTML documents stored
on a server?
 We don't usually make web
pages just to be viewed
locally.We want to place
the HTML files on a file
server that is part of
Internet!You do this by
uploading the pages to An
ISP (Internet Service
Provider).As you can see in
The diagram below
 Setting up a Server
 You can set up an HTTP
server on an Linux
machine using the httpd
program. Many Linux
machines include the
ApacheWeb Server.
 On a Windows you can
set up xampp-win32 that
include the ApacheWeb
Server.

ServingHTMLPages
Document
Store

ServingHTMLPages
 HTML page includes image, audio, and video files.
All of this content lives on a web server—a remote
machine often far away from Client computer.
 Client use a web browser to request, retrieve, and
eventually display web content on the screen.

CommonGatewayInterface (CGI)
The interface
specification that
defines how
information can be
passed from the
browsers back to the
server is called the
CommonGateway
Interface, (CGI).

Preparingtobuilddynamic sites
1. Web browser requests
static page.
2. Web server finds
page.
3. Web server sends
page to requesting
browser.

Processing dynamic pages
1. Web browser requests
dynamic page.
2. Web server finds page and
passes it to application
server.
3. Application server scans
page for instructions and
finishes page.
4. Application server passes
finished page back to web
server
5. Web server sends finished
page to requesting browser

Accessingadatabase
1. Web browser requests dynamic
page.
2. Web server finds page and passes
it to application server.
3. Application server scans page for
instructions.
4. Application server sends query to
database driver.
5. Driver executes the query against
the database.
6. Recordset is returned to driver.
7. Driver passes recordset to
application server
8. Application server inserts data in
page, and then passes the page to
the web server
9. Web server sends finished page to
requesting browser.

WebApplication
 A web application is a website that contains pages
with partly or final content of a page.
 The final content of a page is determined only when
the visitor requests a page from the web server.
 A dynamic page which is the final content of the
page that have varies of from request based on the
visitor’s actions.
 Web applications are built to address a variety of
challenges and problems.

TraditionalWebApplications

TraditionalWebApplications
Figure 15.1 presents the typical interactions between the client and the server in a
traditional web application, such as one that uses a user registration form.
First, the user fills in the form’s fields, then submits the form (Fig. 15.1, Step 1).
The browser generates a request to the server, which receives the request and
processes it (Step 2).
The server generates and sends a response containing the exact page that the browser
will render (Step 3), which causes the browser to load the new page (Step 4) and
temporarily makes the browser window blank.
Note that the client waits for the server to respond and reloads the entire page with the
data from the response (Step 4). While such a synchronous request is being
processed on the server, the user cannot interact with the client web page.
Frequent long periods of waiting, due perhaps to Internet congestion, have led some
users to refer to the World Wide Web as the ―World Wide Wait.‖ If the user
interacts with and submits another form, the process begins again (Steps 5–8).

Ajax-enabledwebapplicationinteracting
withtheserverasynchronously

AjaxWebApplications
Ajax applications add a layer between the client and the server to manage communication
between the two (Fig. 15.2).
When the user interacts with the page, the client creates an XMLHttpRequest object to manage a
request (Step 1).
The XMLHttpRequest object sends the request to the server (Step 2) and awaits the response.
The requests are asynchronous, so the user can continue interacting with the application on the
client-side while the server processes the earlier request concurrently. Other user interactions
could result in additional requests to the server (Steps 3 and 4).
Once the server responds to the original request (Step 5), the XMLHttpRequest object that issued
the request calls a client-side function to process the data returned by the server.
This function—known as a callback function—uses partial page updates (Step 6) to display the
data in the existing web page without reloading the entire page.
At the same time, the server may be responding to the second request (Step 7) and the client-side
may be starting to do another partial page update (Step 8).
The callback function updates only a designated part of the page. Such partial page updates help
make web applications more responsive, making them feel more like desktop applications.
The web application does not load a new page while the user interacts with it.

XAMPP webserver
 http://localhost/
 Username: root
 PHP Script Language
 phpMyAdmin Database Manager
 MySQL Database

AppServ-webserver
 http://localhost/
 Username: root
 PHP Script Language
 phpMyAdmin Database Manager
 MySQL Database

AdobeDreamweaverCS5
 You can use Adobe Dreamweaver CS5 or CS6 for
the basic steps involved in creating an attractive,
functional website.
 In this course, you will learn to design a site layout,
insert images and text, create links, and how to
upload your site to the Internet.

Organizing yourwebsite
 Project Name
 Images folder
 Html or php folder
 Index page
 Index page is the first page which the server will run this
index file in a website.
 Index page extension could be html or php.

HTMLStructure(tree)

CommonHtml Tags
<body>
<table>
<h1>
<div>
<title>
<frame>
<form>
<select> <option>
<head>
<a>
<html>
< meta > < link > <script>
<label >
 
< input >
< img><p>
<br>

HTMLTags
 <Title > : It is very important when it’s come to
Google search and it will appear with blue link that
inGoogle results.
 <DIV> :To make sure the contents inside it will keep
sizes.
 <Table>: represent data in table and sometimes can
be used like <DIV>.

<FORM>Tag
 <FORM> tag which allows users to input data into
the web server by using methods.
 The <FORM> tag starts an HTML form and takes
the most important three attributes:
 TheACTION attribute specifies the URL of the
program to invoke to process this form.
 The METHOD attribute send the form data to the
target web page and it takes values either GET or
POST.

Security(GET,POST) methods
 The hole security which allows users to change your
URL string, in order to have access to you data of
page.
1. Post method is more secure.
2. Post method sent data to http
response (body).
3. Post method sent more data.
4. Post method is not good for
search but it is good for hidden
data.
1. Get method is less secure.
2. Get method sent data to page
address.
3. Get method sent less data.
4. Get method is good for search
content in order to let users to
used it again.

<html>
<head>
<title>My Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Mohammed Hussein</h1>
<h2>Welcome</h2>
<b>To the course</b>:
<p><tt>Internet
Programming</tt><p>
on your computer.
<p> <b>Press</b>
<i>The
<font color="red">Next</font>
Button</i>.
</body>
</html>

TheHTML RelationshipNodeTree

HTMLFragment:(description)
From the HTML we can say:
1. The <html> node has no parent node; it is
the root node.
2. The parent node of the <head> and <body>
nodes is the <html> node.
3. The <html> node has two child nodes;
<head> and <body>
4. The <head> node has one child node; the
<title> node
5. The <title> node also has one child node;
the text node "Welcome"
6. The <h1> and <p> nodes are siblings, and
both are children nodes of <body>
7. The parent node of the "Hello world!" text
node is the <p> node.
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Lesson one</h1>
<p>Hello world!</p>
</body>
</html>

Image -Tag
1. <IMG SRC="Koala.jpg" ALT="Black Sheep Ale" ALIGN="left" HEIGHT=150
WIDTH=100>
2. <IMG SRC="Koala2.jpg" ALT="Spitfire Bitter" ALIGN="right" height=250
width=200>

TableStructure(tree)

Comparisons between
 Fixed set of tags
 Presentation oriented
 No data validation
capabilities
 Single presentation
 Extensible set of tags
 Content orientated
 Standard Data
infrastructure
 Allows multiple
output forms
XMLHTML

WindowDHTMLObjectModel.
applets
all
anchors
embeds
forms
filters
images
links
plugins
styleSheets
scripts
frames
plugins
collection
body
screen
document
history
navigator
location
event
document
document
object
window
Key

References
 http://www.w3schools.com/w3c/w3c_html.asp
 http://httpd.apache.org/
 http://www.joomla.org/download.html
 http://www.yourhtmlsource.com/javascript/cookies.
html

Internet programming lecture 1

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