More Related Content
Similar to Mathematical modeling and simulation of solar panel (20)
![BBC NW_Tech Facilities_30 Odd Yrs Ago [J].pdf](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/bbcnwtechfacilities30oddyrsagoj-250830230619-0d747bd6-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds)
Mathematical modeling and simulation of solar panel
- 1. MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND SIMULATION OF SOLAR PANEL PREPARED BY:- SOMU GUPTA 1602921157(3RD YEAR) ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
- 2. CONTENT INTRODUCTION. HYSTORY OF PV CELL. SOLAR PANEL AND PV PANEL. WHAT ARE PV PANELS? CONSTRUCTION OF PV CELL. LAYERS INSIDE PV CELL. PV ARRAY COMPONENTS. MATHEMATICAL MODEL. MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS. PARAMETERS OF SOLAR CELL. AIR MASS. V-I CHARACTERSTICS OF SOLAR CELL. V-I CHARACTERSTICS OF SOLAR ARRAY. TYPES OF SOLAR CELL. SOLAR CELLS GENERATION. MATLAB SIMULATION MODEL. PV SYSTEM COMPONENTS. ADVNTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES. APPLICATIONS.
- 3. INTRODUCTION Sun is renewable source of energy. Hydrogen nuclei fuses to form one helium atom and along with this process radiant energy is released. Generation of energy from sun is done by process called nuclear fusion. Energy obtained from sun is called solar energy. Increasing demand of electricity is being fulfilled by converting solar energy into electricity with the help of PV cell. PV cell works on the phenomenon called photovoltaic effect.
- 4. HISTORY OF PV CELL In 1839,”Edmond Becquerel” a French physicist first showed photovoltaic activity . He found that electrical current in certain materials could be increased when exposed to light. in 1905, we gained an understanding of Edmonds’ work when the famous physicist Albert Einstein described the photoelectric effect. In 1921 Einstein received the Nobel Prize for his theories on the photoelectric effect. Practical use of solar cell was started in the mid of 1950. 1958 the Vanguard I, the first orbiting vehicle , powered by solar energy was launched into space. By 1960 Hoffman Electronics increased commercial solar cell efficiency to 14% and today we have more than 20% efficiency.
- 5. SOLAR PANELS AND PV PANELS SOLAR PANELS collect heat energy from the sun. We call this heat solar thermal energy. A simple example of a solar panel is a closed box with a top made of a transparent material such as glass or plastic. PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS are used to transform sunlight energy into electrical energy.
- 6. WHAT ARE PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) PANELS ? Photovoltaic Panels are used to transform sunlight energy into electrical energy. It is formed from photo- which means “light” and -voltaic which means “electrical current” or “electricity.” PV panels are made up of smaller sections called solar or PV cells. Solar cells, like batteries, each have a rated value of voltage (V or volts) and current (A or amps). Like batteries solar Cells or panels can be arranged in parallel or series.
- 7. CONSTRUCTION OF PV CELL Highly purified silicon (Si) from sand, quartz, etc. is “doped” with intentional impurities at controlled concentrations to produce a p-n junction. A photon incident on the p-n junction liberates an electron. Photon disappears, any excess energy goes into kinetic energy of electron (heat) electron wanders around drunkenly, and might stumble into “depletion region” where electric field exists (electrons, being negative, move against field arrows) electric field sweeps electron across the junction, constituting a current more photons more electrons more current more power n-type silicon p-type silicon Electric field Photon of light Si doped with boron Liberated electron Si doped with phosphorous
- 8. LAYERS INSIDE PV CELL
- 9. PV ARRAY COMPONENTS PV cells Modules Arrays
- 10. MATHEMATICAL MODEL basic circuit diagram of PV module The equivalent circuit diagram of PV system is called “four parameters model” because it consist of a current source ,a diode, a series resistance and a parallel resistance. Current source light generated current. Diode non linear impedance of p-n junction. Series resistance internal electrical losses. Shunt resistance leakage current.
- 11. MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS The light generated current or photo current varies with irradiance and temperature is given by these mathematical equations. These expressions depict the relation between voltage and current of a photovoltaic module. Nonlinear mathematical equation’s parameters are Ns represent series connected cells Iph is the light generated current IS is the reverse saturation current RS and Rsh represent the series and parallel inherent resistances of the cell. q is the electron charge 1.60217646×10−19 C k is Boltzmann’s constant 1.3806503×10−23 J/K and a the ideality factor Modified.
- 12. PARAMETERS OF SOLAR CELL Short Circuit current (ISC): Short Circuit Current is calculated by considering voltage equals to zero. I (at V=0) = Isc Open circuit voltage (VOC ): Open Circuit voltage is calculated by considering current equals to zero. V (at I=0) = Voc Maximum power point (Pm): Pm = VmIm Where, Vm is the maximum voltage and Im is the maximum current. Fill Factor (FF): It is the ratio of maximum power to the theoretical power available at it’s output terminal. Efficiency (η): It is the ratio of maximum power to the incident light power.
- 13. AIR MASS It quantifies the reduction in the solar power as it passes through the atmosphere and as it is absorbed by air and dust. The Air Mass is defined as where θ is the angle from the vertical (zenith angle). When the sun is directly overhead, the Air Mass is 1 (angle=0).
- 14. V-I CHARACTERSTICS OF SOLAR CELL
- 15. V-I CHARACTERSTICS OF SOLAR CELL The intensity of the solar radiation (insolation) that hits the cell controls the current ( I ). The increases in the temperature of the solar cell reduces its voltage ( V ). When solar cell is open-circuited, i.e. not connected to any load, the current will be at its minimum (zero) and the voltage across the cell is at its maximum, known as the solar cells open circuit voltage, or Voc. When the solar cell is short circuited, that is the positive and negative leads connected together, the voltage across the cell is at its minimum (zero) but the current flowing out of the cell reaches its maximum, known as the solar cells short circuit current, or Isc. The point at which the cell generates maximum electrical power, Shown at the top right area of the green rectangle. This is the “maximum power point” or MPP.
- 16. V-I CHARACTERSTICS OF SOLAR ARRAY Photovoltaic panels can be wired or connected together in either series or parallel combinations, or both to increase the voltage or current capacity of the solar array. If the array panels are connected together in a series combination, then the voltage increases and if connected together in parallel then the current increases.
- 17. TYPES OF SOLAR CELL Solar Cell Type Efficiency-Rate Advantages Disadvantages Mono crystalline Solar cell (Mono-Si) ~20% High efficiency rate, optimized for commercial use, high life-time value Expensive Polycrystalline Solar cell (p-Si) ~15% Lower price Sensitive to high temperatures; lower lifespan & slightly less space efficiency Thin-Film: Amorphous Silicon Solar cell (A-Si) ~7-10% Relatively low costs, easy to produce & flexible Shorter warranties & lifespan Concentrated PV Cell (CVP) ~41% Very high performance & efficiency rate Solar tracker & cooling system needed (to reach high efficiency rate)
- 18. SOLAR CELLS GENERATION First Generation Mono crystalline (single crystal) silicon wafer (c-Si) Polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) Second Generation Amorphous silicon (a-Si) Cadmium telluride (CdTe) Copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) alloy Third Generation Photo electrochemical (PEC) cells Gräetzel cells or Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) Polymer solar cells Nano crystal solar cells Fourth Generation Perovskite solar cells Hybrid - inorganic crystals within a polymer matrix Mono C-Si Poly C-Si Thin film
- 19. MATLAB SIMULATION MODEL photovoltaic circuit model simulated on MATLAB software taking current controlled source where temperature and irradiance are considered as inputs.
- 21. ADVANTAGES Clean Sustainable Provide electricity to remote places Environmental friendly
- 22. DISADVANTAGES Less efficient and costly equipment. Part Time. Reliability Depends On Location. Environmental Impact of PV Cell Production.
- 23. APPLICATIONS Solar roads Satellites Solar car race Solar printer Solar Road Studs Solar Trees Solar cell 3D printer