Performance Analysis of microstrip antenna and its array for 2.4ghz application

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 72
Performance Analysis of microstrip antenna and its array for 2.4ghz
application
Sailee palekar
Student, Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Goa Engineering college, Goa, India
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract- In this Paper Performance Analysis Of
Microstrip Patch Antenna at f=2.4Ghz for Wireless LAN
Application is studied and results are analyzed using HFSS
v15 software. The FR4 epoxy with relative permittivity 4.4
is used as substrate material. Our goal here is to obtain
high gain and reduced losses, to be especially used for
WLAN applications. Using an array 1*3 rectangular patch
we obtain gain of 7.1dB and return loss of -10.3dB.
Key words - WLAN, Microstrip Patch, HFSS, Gain,
Return Loss
1. INTRODUCTION
Today wireless communication has become more of a
dire necessity in various applications. In many scenarios
where the wired systems are impractical or almost
impossible to be implemented, wireless systems have
readily replaced them. Many systems are actually
required to actually transmit a message and receive it
with minimal error in a wireless systems. Such blocks
like transmitter, receiver, coders etc. are required to
pass information both over short and long distances.
Take the example of the unlicensed spectrum of 2.4 GHz
for interconnecting Wi-Fi devices such as connecting
laptops or mobile devices for people in transit. This
spectrum in small range is used for communicating
multiple devices in various networks thereby generating
requirement of various kinds of specialised antenna for
the suitable purpose. One more use for wireless systems
is one that connect the mobile network to connect to the
satellites. Take the example of GPS systems where
devices need to be within the range of three or more
satellites. The location is transmitted from the satellites
in range via the communicating channels.
So practically the antenna needs to be designed in such a
manner that the signals can be detected in any
orientation. So a circularly polarised antenna is the
requirement for such an application which overcomes
the orientation problem. In this Paper Performance
Analysis Of Microstrip Patch Antenna at f=2.4Ghz for
Wireless LAN Application is studied and results are
analyzed using HFSS v15 software. The FR4 epoxy with
relative permittivity 4.4 is used as substrate material.
2. Theory And Methodology
For simplified analysis and better performance of the
WLAN Systems, a rectangular-shaped microstrip patch
antenna operating at 2.4 GHz has been proposed. While
designing an array, the most important parameter which
must be accommodate very carefully is adjustment of
distance between the radiating elements of an array in
order to keep it compact as well as efficient.
In our proposed work:
Fig-1:Structure of patch antenna
It’s the sandwich of the two patches with ground plane in
between as shown in figure above.
Volume: 10 Issue: 02 | Feb 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Fig-2:Dual Elements in Array without slots
It consists of two rectangular patches placed side by side
with an overall dimension of 60mm x 130mm x 1.5 mm
to give directive radiation pattern and maximum gain.
Each element has individual ground plane to make
further separation among them and is fed independently
by transmission line with an impedance matching of 50
Ω. The distance between both the transmission lines is
60mm approximately equal to the one calculated
mathematically. The distance between radiating
elements set is 18 mm and is adjusted in such a way that
the operational frequency remains at 2.4 GHz with
improved directivity and gain.
Fig-3:1*1 Rectangular Patch without slots
Fig-4:1*1 Rectangular Patch with slots in patch2
Fig-5:1*1 Rectangular Patch with slots in patch 1 and
patch 2
Fig-6:Triple Elements in an array without slots
To enhance the gain and directivity obtained from single
element, a linear triple array of 162mm* 60mm*1.5 mm
was simulated in HFSS.

Fig-7:Triple elements in array with slots in Patch2
Fig-8:Triple elements in array with slots in Patch1 and
Patch2
3. Design Specification
The parameters that have been used in this proposed
rectangular microstrip patch antenna are given below:
Parameter Descriptions
along with their symbols
Dimension(mm)
Width of Patch1, W 27
Length of Patch1,L 42
Width of Patch 2,W 52
Length of Patch2,L 42
Width of the Ground plane,Wg 70
Length of the Ground plane,Lg 70
Height of Substrate,hs 1.6
Fig-9:1*1 Rectangular Patch without Slots
Table-1:Dimensions of Slot in Patch2
Parameter Dimension
Width of Slot 14mm
Length of Slot 2mm
Fig-10:1*1 Rectangular Patch with Slots
Table-2:Dimensions of Slot in Patch1
Parameter Dimension
Width of Slot 12mm
Length of Slot 0.8mm

Fig-11:Modified 1*1 Rectangular Patch with Slots
Fig-12:1*3 Rectangular Patch without Slots
Fig-13:1*3 Rectangular Patch with Slots
Fig-14:Modified 1*3 Rectangular Patch with Slots
4. Simulations And Results
All the simulation results of the implemented
rectangular microstrip patch antenna for WLAN Systems
have been successfully carried out. Simulations includes
the Return Loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR),
Directivity and Gain.
4.1 Gain
As per Antenna specification, gain parameter is one of
the most common measurements to realise the ability of
the antenna for the effective transmission and reception.
Gain value with 1*1 rectangular patch without slots
using Fr4 substrate is 2.16 dB. Gain value with 1*1
rectangular patch with slots is 4.14dB and for the
modified rectangular patch is 5.1dB.Also considering its
array i.e 1*3 without slots shows a gain of 3.24dB also
1*3 with slots shows gain of 5.13dB and the modified
one has the gain of 7.13dB.
Fig-15:3D Polar plot for gain of 1*1 rectangular
patch without slots
Fig-16:3D Polar plot for gain of 1*1 rectangular patch
with slots
Fig-17:3D Polar plot for gain of modified 1*1
rectangular patch with slots

Fig18:3D Polar plot for gain of 1*3 rectangular patch
without slots
Fig-19:3D Polar plot for gain of 1*3 rectangular patch
with slots
Fig-20:3D Polar plot for gain of modified 1*3 rectangular
patch with slots
4.2 Return Loss
S11 represents how much power is reflected from the
antenna, and hence is known as the reflection coefficient
. Return loss value with 1*1 rectangular patch without
slots using Fr4 substrate is -4.8 dB.Return loss value
with 1*1 rectangular patch with slots is -5.8dB and for
the modified rectangular patch is -7.3 dB.Also
considering its array i.e 1*3 without slots shows return
loss of -8.8dB also 1*3 with slots shows return loss of -
9.6dB and the modified one has the return loss of -
10.3dB.
Fig-21: Return Loss plot for 1*1 rectangular patch
without slots
Fig-22: Return Loss plot for 1*1 rectangular patch with
slots
Fig-23:Return Loss plot for modified 1*1 rectangular
patch with slots
Fig-24: Return Loss plot for 1*3 rectangular patch
without slots
Fig-25: Return Loss plot for 1*3 rectangular patch with
slots

Fig-26: Return Loss plot for modified 1*3 rectangular
patch with slots
4.3 VSWR
Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is defined as the
ratio between transmitted and reflected voltage standing
waves in a radio frequency (RF) electrical transmission
system. It is a measure of how efficiently RF power is
transmitted from the power source, through a
transmission line, and into the load. VSWR value with
1*1 rectangular patch without slots using Fr4 substrate
is 10dB.VSWR value with 1*1 rectangular patch with
slots is 10 dB and for the modified rectangular patch is
5dB.Also considering its array i.e 1*3 without slots
shows VSWR of 5dB also 1*3 with slots shows VSWR of
5dB and the modified one has VSWR of 5dB.
Fig-27: VSWR plot for 1*1 rectangular patch without
slots
Fig-28: VSWR plot for 1*1 rectangular patch with slots
Fig-29: VSWR plot for modified 1*1 rectangular patch
with slots
Fig-30: VSWR plot for 1*3 rectangular patch without
slots
Fig-31: VSWR plot for 1*3 rectangular patch with slots
Fig-32: VSWR plot for modified 1*3 rectangular patch
with slots
5.Result
This study has proposed a design for a 2.4 GHz
rectangular microstrip patch antenna for the WLAN
applications. At first, rectangular patch antenna is
designed without slots. After that, rectangular patch
antenna was designed with slots. Later rectangular patch
antenna was modified in such a way that there was
improvement in antenna parameters .Also using same
patch design array was formed with 3 elements. It was
found that antenna array has better performance in
terms of Gain ,return loss and VSWR parameters.
6. Comparative Study
Table-3: Performance Parameters
1*1 Rectangular Patch
Type of
Antenna
Size of
patch
Gain
(dB)
Return
Loss
VSWR
1*1 without
slots
42mm*60
mm*1.5m
m
2.16 -4.8 10

1*1 with
slots in
patch2
42mm*60
mm*1.5m
m
4.14 -5.8 10
1*1 with
slot in patch
1
42mm*60
mm*1.5m
m
5.1 -7.3 5
1*3 Rectangular Patch
Type of
Antenna
Size of
patch
Gain(d
B)
Return
Loss
VSWR
1*3
without
slots
162mm*60
mm*1.5mm
3.24 -8.8 5
1*3 with
slots in
patch2
162mm*60
mm*1.5mm
5.12 -9.6 5
1*3 with
slot in
patch1
162mm*60
mm*1.5mm
7.1 -10.3 5
In this paper, various parameters of antenna such as
Gain, Return Loss (S11) and VSWR were analyzed.
Comparing single element with its array, a better Gain
and S11 parameter was obtained performing the
simulation on HFSS at 2.4 GHz resonant frequency. For
high-speed protocols, the S11 parameter is the most vital
part. Also, since this research’s primary focus is the
WLAN systems, the necessity of high-speed data
transmission is also required.
9. Conclusion
The necessity of high gain and adequate protection from
path loss will be necessary considering the expansion of
modern technology in WLAN Systems . Considering the
demand and numerous advantageous applications of
WLAN systems, in this paper, using the HFSS 15
software, a rectangular shaped microstrip patch model
antenna has been proposed to operate at a resonant
frequency 2.4GHz. Moreover, it has also been deduced
numerous parameters of the proposed antenna model,
considering all the requirements and effectiveness. The
designed model has a S11 value of -10.3 dB, a gain
magnitude of 7.1 dB. However, considering the future
demand, these parameters can be upgraded as per the
requirements for overcoming the WLAN Systems
challenges and enhancing the antenna’s performance.
REFERENCES
[1] Priya Upadhyay, Vivek Sharma, Richa Sharma,
``Design of Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for WLAN
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[4]Ali, Y.E.M. and Jasim, K.A.S., 2015. ``Design of
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