Powerpoint circulatory system
- 2. COMPOSITION OF BLOODRED CELLSWHITE CELLSPLATELETSfloating in a liquidcalled PLASMA
- 5. RED BLOOD CELLSBiconcave discsNo nucleiSpongycytoplasmenclosed in anelasticcellmembraneRed pigmentcalledhaemoglobinAre madebythe red bonemarrow of certainbones in theskeleton: ribs, vertebrae and breastbone
- 8. HAEMOGLOBIN
- 9. Haemoglobin (Hb)Hb + O₂ oxyhaemoglobin (OHb)In places wherethe O₂ concentrationislow, OHbbreaksdown and releasesitsO₂. Where??Oxygenatedblood : containsmainlyOHb.Deoxygenatedblood : withlittleOHb.
- 10. Oxyhaemoglobin
- 11. Red bloodcellsAfter 4 monthsHbIronBilirubinStored in theliverBile
- 12. WHITE CELLSDifferenttypesLargerthan red cellsTheyhavenucleiThey are made in thesamebonemarrowthat red cellsThetwo more numeroustypes are: - Phagocytes - Lymphocytes
- 13. White bloodcells
- 14. White bloodcells
- 15. White bloodcells: PhagocytesTheycollect at thesite of aninfection, engulfing (ingesting) and digestingharmful bacteria. Theypreventthe spread of infectionthroughthebody.
- 16. Phagocytes
- 17. White bloodcells: LymphocytesProduction of antibodies (proteins)
- 19. PLASMAIons: sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, hydrogen carbonate.Proteins: fibrinogen (clotting), albuminand globulins (antibodies).Foodsubstances: aa, glucoseand fats.HormonesUrea
- 21. Functions of thebloodHomeostaticfunctionsTransportDefenceagainstinfections - Clotting - White cells
- 22. Functions of blood: Transport
- 23. THE HEART
- 24. HumanHeart4 chambers: - 2 atria (thin-walled) - 2 ventricles (thick- walled)Veins: deoxygenatedbloodexceptpulmonaryveinArteries: OxygenatedbloodexceptpulmonaryarteryValves: They stop bloodflowingbackwards. Coronaryarteries: Theysupplytheheartmusclewithfood and oxygen.
- 25. Humanheart
- 26. Valves of the heart
- 27. CONTROL OF THE HEART BEATAt rest: normal heartrate, 50-100 beats per minutes.Duringexercise: 200 beats/minTheheart beat isinitiatedbythepacemaker, a smallgroup of specializedmusclescells at the top of therightatrium.
- 28. Control of theheart beatBloodpressure↑ ↓ heartrateBloodpressure↓ ↑ heartrate↓ O₂ concentration↑ CO₂ concentrationHormone adrenaline
- 29. THE CIRCULATION
- 30. CIRCULATION
- 31. BLOOD VESSELS
- 32. Bloodvessels
- 34. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
- 35. LymphaticsystemThin-walledvesselscalledlymphatics.Theyemptytheircontentsintothebloodsystem.The fluid iscalledlymph.Most of thelymphflowresultsfromthevesselsbeingcompressedwhenthebodymusclescontract in movementssuch as walkingorbreathing.There are valves, whichforcethe fluid in onedirection: towardstheheart.Lymphnodes: storage of lymphocytes. There are alsophagocytes. Lymphaticorgans:Spleenandthymus
- 36. Lymphnodes: part of thebodydefencesystem
- 37. Lymphaticorgans: spleen and thymus
- 38. SPLEEN: functionsRemoveworn-out red cells, bacteria and cellfragmentsfromtheblood.Produce lymphocytes and antibodies.
- 39. THYMUS: functionsParticularlyimportantlymphoidorgan in thenewborn: - controlsthedevelopment of thespleen and thelymphnodes. - produces lymphocytes (immunity)Afterpuberty, importantimmunologicalorgan, althoughitbecomessmaller. - storage of whitecells - production of a largepopulation of lymphocytes T.
- 40. Bloodfunctions: DEFENCE AGAINST INFECTIONSWHITE CELLS: - Phagocytes: - at thesites of a wound - in thebloodcapillaries - in lymphnodesingestharmful bacteria and stop thementeringthe general circulation - Lymphocytes:Production of antibodiesCLOTTING
- 41. CLOTTINGWhentissueisdamaged and bloodvesselscutPlateletsclumptogether and block thesmallercapillaries.Fibrinogenfibrin(network of fibresacrossthewound)Red cellsbecometrapped in thisnetwork and form a bloodclot.↓ entry of harmful bacteriapreventsfurtherloss of blood
- 42. Clotting
- 43. Bloodclotting
- 46. Possible causes of coronaryheartdiseasesSMOKINGFATTY DIETSTRESSLACK OF EXERCISE