C Programming Language Part 9

Feb 4, 20170 likes165 views

The document contains 5 code snippets demonstrating the use of various C functions: 1) A program that calculates the sum of 1/n from n=1 to 10 using a cast to convert n to a float. 2) A program that gets a single character input and prints a message based on the input. 3) A program that tests if a character is a letter, digit or other character using isalpha and isdigit functions. 4) A program that converts a character to uppercase if lowercase and vice versa using islower, toupper, tolower. 5) A program that converts a character to lowercase if uppercase and vice versa using isupper, tolower, toupper.

#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
float sum ;
int n ;
sum = 0 ;
for( n = 1 ; n <= 10 ; ++n )
{
sum = sum + 1/(float)n ;
printf("%2d %6.4fn", n, sum) ;
}
}
PROGRAM SHOWING THE USE OF A CAST

The program in shows the use of getchar function in an interactive environment.
The program displays a question of YES/NO type to the user and reads the user's
response in a single character (Y or N). If the response is Y, it outputs the message
My name is BUSY BEE
otherwise, outputs.
You are good for nothing

#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char answer;
printf("Would you like to know my name?n");
printf("Type Y for YES and N for NO: ");
answer = getchar(); /* .... Reading a character...*/
if(answer == 'Y' || answer == 'y')
printf("nnMy name is BUSY BEEn");
else
printf("nnYou are good for nothingn");
}

The program of requests the user to enter a character and displays a message
on the screen telling the user whether the character is an alphabet or digit,
or any other special character
This program receives a character from the keyboard and tests whether
it is a letter or digit and prints out a message accordingly.
These tests are done with the help of the following functions:
isalpha(character)
isdigit(character)
For example, isalpha assumes a value non-zero (TRUE) if the argument character
contains an alphabet; otherwise it assumes 0 (FALSE). Similar is the case with the
function isdigit

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
main()
{
char character;
printf("Press any keyn");
character = getchar();
if (isalpha(character) > 0)
printf("The character is a letter.");
else
if (isdigit (character) > 0)
printf("The character is a digit.");
else
printf("The character is not alphanumeric.");
}

The program uses three new functions: islower, toupper, and tolower. The function
islower is
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
main()
{
char alphabet;
printf("Enter an alphabet");
putchar('n'); /* move to next line */
alphabet = getchar();
if (islower(alphabet))
putchar(toupper(alphabet));
else
putchar(tolower(alphabet));
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
main()
{
char alphabet;
printf("Enter an alphabet");
putchar('n'); /* move to next line */
alphabet = getchar();
if (isupper(alphabet))
putchar(tolower(alphabet));
else
putchar(toupper(alphabet));
}

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This tutorial provides an introduction to Java programming for beginners. Java is an object-oriented programming language originally developed by Sun Microsystems. It allows programs to be run on many different platforms without needing to be rewritten. This tutorial explains the basic concepts of Java and is intended for students learning Java programming as part of their studies in fields like computer science, IT, or engineering. Prior experience with C or C++ is recommended to help understand Java's syntax and object-oriented features, which were influenced by those languages. The target audience includes students, those looking to transition to product-based companies, and anyone passionate about coding who wants to learn Java development.

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The document outlines the basic steps for C program execution: 1. Creating the program using an IDE or text editor, compiling the program using a compiler, and linking it with necessary library functions. 2. The preprocessor performs text substitution before compilation. The compiler translates source code to machine code. The linker combines object files and libraries. 3. The loader loads the machine code into memory for execution by the CPU, which performs arithmetic and logical operations to run the program.

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A pointer in C is a variable that stores the address of another variable. It allows a program to indirectly access the memory location that a variable is stored in. Pointers are declared with a * before the variable name. The & operator returns the address of its operand and is used to initialize a pointer variable. The * operator dereferences a pointer to access the value at the address it contains.

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Keywords are predefined reserved words in C that have special meanings and cannot be used as variable or constant names. Some common keywords include int, float, if, else, while, and return. Keywords are used to define variables and functions and control program flow. This document provides examples of how keywords like int and float declare variable types and return is used to exit a function. It also lists all the keywords allowed in the ANSI C standard.

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The document contains code snippets and flowcharts for C programming problems including calculating the area of a triangle, finding the average of three numbers, checking if a number is less than 10, converting Celsius to Fahrenheit, solving a quadratic equation, checking if a year is a leap year, swapping values of two variables, adding and multiplying matrices, adding numbers, finding the largest of three numbers using arrays, printing numbers using do-while and while loops, finding the largest and smallest of three numbers, adding two numbers with call by value, evaluating factorial without and with recursion.

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C Programming Language Part 9

1. Part 9 Special case

2. #include <stdio.h> main() { float sum ; int n ; sum = 0 ; for( n = 1 ; n <= 10 ; ++n ) { sum = sum + 1/(float)n ; printf("%2d %6.4fn", n, sum) ; } } PROGRAM SHOWING THE USE OF A CAST

3. The program in shows the use of getchar function in an interactive environment. The program displays a question of YES/NO type to the user and reads the user's response in a single character (Y or N). If the response is Y, it outputs the message My name is BUSY BEE otherwise, outputs. You are good for nothing

4. #include<stdio.h> main() { char answer; printf("Would you like to know my name?n"); printf("Type Y for YES and N for NO: "); answer = getchar(); /* .... Reading a character...*/ if(answer == 'Y' || answer == 'y') printf("nnMy name is BUSY BEEn"); else printf("nnYou are good for nothingn"); }

5. The program of requests the user to enter a character and displays a message on the screen telling the user whether the character is an alphabet or digit, or any other special character This program receives a character from the keyboard and tests whether it is a letter or digit and prints out a message accordingly. These tests are done with the help of the following functions: isalpha(character) isdigit(character) For example, isalpha assumes a value non-zero (TRUE) if the argument character contains an alphabet; otherwise it assumes 0 (FALSE). Similar is the case with the function isdigit

6. #include <stdio.h> #include <ctype.h> main() { char character; printf("Press any keyn"); character = getchar(); if (isalpha(character) > 0) printf("The character is a letter."); else if (isdigit (character) > 0) printf("The character is a digit."); else printf("The character is not alphanumeric."); }

7. The program uses three new functions: islower, toupper, and tolower. The function islower is #include <stdio.h> #include <ctype.h> main() { char alphabet; printf("Enter an alphabet"); putchar('n'); /* move to next line */ alphabet = getchar(); if (islower(alphabet)) putchar(toupper(alphabet)); else putchar(tolower(alphabet)); }

8. #include <stdio.h> #include <ctype.h> main() { char alphabet; printf("Enter an alphabet"); putchar('n'); /* move to next line */ alphabet = getchar(); if (isupper(alphabet)) putchar(tolower(alphabet)); else putchar(toupper(alphabet)); }

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