03. BEGINNINGS OF COLD WAR - Yalta Conference.pptx

03. BEGINNINGS OF COLD WAR - Yalta Conference.pptx

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  CAMBRIDGEIGCSE BLAMEFORTHECOLDWAR 03 YALTACONFERENCE1945
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  BACKGROUND From 4 to11 February 1945, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin and Franklin D. Roosevelt met in Yalta, in the Crimea on the Black Sea, to settle the questions raised by the inevitable German defeat. Roosevelt was anxious to secure the cooperation of Stalin, while Churchill was apprehensive of the Soviet power. He wanted to avoid the Red Army exerting too widespread an influence over Central Europe. At this time, the Soviet troops had already reached the centre of Europe, whereas the British and Americans had not yet crossed the Rhine.
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  AGREEMENT The three GreatPowers first of all agreed on the arrangements for the occupation of Germany: - Churchill, Stalin and Roosevelt agreed to Divide Germany into 4 zone (France, Britain, USA, USSR). - France was allocated a zone of occupation to be carved out in part from the British and US zones. - Berlin, situated in the Soviet zone, would also be divided into four sectors.
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  YALTACONFERENCEFEBRUARY1945 They agreed tohold free elections in Eastern European countries. They also agreed to set up the United Nations. They have decided to set up a government of Communists and non- Communists in Poland. On the surface, everything seemed friendly, but there was tension behind the scenes.
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  AIMSOFYALTACONFERENCE With an Alliedvictory looking likely, the aim of the Yalta Conference was to decide what to do with Germany once it had been defeated. Each of the three leaders had different priorities:
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  OUTCOMES:1.DIVIDINGGERMANY Germany would bedivided into four zones of occupation with the USSR, Britain, France and the USA each controlling a zone. France had been liberated from Nazi Germany and was included at the conference partly due to pressure from the French leader, General de Gaulle. Britain wanted a European ally with whom it could share the cost of the post-war reconstruction of Germany.
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  OUTCOMES:2.DIVIDINGBERLIN The German capital,Berlin, was deep inside the Soviet zone and it too was to be divided into four zones, each controlled by one of the Allied powers. Berlin would be a source of tension throughout the Cold War.
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  OUTCOMES:3.FREEELECTIONSANDINFLUENCE All countries freedfrom Nazi control were to be guaranteed the right to hold free elections and choose their own governments. Stalin was offered a ‘sphere of influence’ over Eastern Europe.
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  OUTCOMES:4.WARAGAINSTJAPAN Stalin once againpromised to join the war against Japan, once Germany was defeated.
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  OUTCOMES:5.HUNTINGNAZICRIMINALS All the leadersmade a commitment to hunt down Nazi war criminals.
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  OUTCOMES:6.SETTINGUPUNITEDNATIONS The Allies agreedto the setting up of the United Nations, an organisation with the objectives of ensuring international cooperation and preventing future wars.
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  AGREEMENTS The United Statesobtained the USSR’s agreement to enter the fight against Japan. Roosevelt saw the successful conclusion of his plan for the formation of a United Nations organisation, which was to be created on 25 April 1945. Yalta seemed to be the final attempt to reorganise the world on a basis of cooperation and agreement. The world was not yet divided into two hemispheres of influence, but the Western Powers were obliged to accept Stalin’s role in the territories liberated by Soviet tanks. Central and Eastern Europe were under the exclusive control of the Red Army.
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  HOMEWORKDUETOMORROW • List theBig Three at the Yalta conference and what each one’s main priority was. • Explain how the Big Three needed each other to fulfil their priorities. • Explain how the priorities of the Big Three might have been difficult to fulfil at the same time.