03 public transport

03 public transport

• 1.
  Urban Transport Public Transport Riza Atiq bin O.K. Rahmat
• 2.
  Rail based • MassRapid Transit (MRT) • Light Rail Transit (LRT) • People Rapid Mover (PRT)
• 3.
  MRT • Speed – up to 100 km/hr • 4 – 12 couches per train • Couches 22m x 3.1 m • Capacity – up to 80,000 passengers / hr / direction • Acceleration / deceleration ≈ 1.2 m/s2 • Rail – 1435mm gauge • Headway ≥ 120 s • Suitable for radial movement • For high density and high plot ratio area. • Feeder bus service is required • Power supply: 750 V dc • Sub-station: 3 – 5 km spacing
• 4.
  LRT • Speed – up to 40 km/hr • 2 – 6 couches per train • Capacity – up to 40,000 passengers / hr / direction • Acceleration / deceleration ≈ 1.2 m/s2 • Rail – 1000 or 1435mm gauge • Headway ≥ 120 s • Suitable for radial movement • For high density and high plot ratio area. • Feeder bus service is required • Power supply: 750 V dc • Sub-station: 3 – 5 km spacing
• 5.
  PRT • Speed – up to 30 km/hr • 2 – 4 couches per train • Capacity – up to 10,000 passengers / hr / direction • Rail – 1000 gauge or monorail • Headway ≥ 90 s • Suitable for intra-city travel
• 6.
  Transit Capacity 3600nS Cp = h Cp = Theoretical passenger line capacity n = vehicle per train S = Maximum passenger per vehicle h = headway in second
• 7.
  Operational design 3600ατnS Cp = h α = guideway utilisation factor (0.6) τ = load factor (0.9)
• 8.
  Example •City Hall ofKL intends to provide a transit line to meet peak hour demand of 12,000 passengers/hr. Required speed = 35 - 40 km/hr. Minimum headway = 120s maximum headway = 240s. Guideway utilisation factor = 0.6 and load factor = 0.9s. Station platform limit = 10 vehicles. Vehicle capacity = 130 passengers.
• 9.
  3600ατnS Cp = h 12,000 = 3600 x 0.6 x 0.9 x n x 130 / h n = 0.04748 h n (veh/train) h (headway (s) 1 21.06 2 42.12 3 63.18 4 84.24 5 105.30 6 126.36 7 147.42 Possible range 8 168.48 9 189.54 120 ≤ h ≤ 240 10 210.60
• 10.
  Bus Service • Capacity= 12 - 240 passengers. • Flexible - Expansions and extensions can be introduced easily • Transit systems using buses are capable of carrying 2,400 to 15,000 passengers per hr per direction. • Volume of up to 30,000 passengers per hr per direction can be achieved with special bus lane, off-line stations and multiple boarding platform.
• 11.
  Bus travel pattern •Radial service - sub-urban to CBD (Shuttle buses) • Ring road service to link up various sub-centres (Stage buses) • Local travel service (Mini bus) • Special travel in the CBD (eg. tourism) • Travel service between activity centres (Shuttle of mini bus).
• 12.
  Example of BusService Guidelines Service pattern •Service major activity centres such as office buildings, school and hospital. •Provide 300 meters coverage where population density > 30. Serve at least 90% of the residents. •Space routes at about 0.75 km in urban area and 1.5 in sub-urban area.
• 13.
  Example of BusService Guidelines Service Level •Service period : 6 am-12 pm •Headway: Peak: 5 minutes off-peak: 15 minutes
• 14.
  Example of BusService Guidelines Bus Stop •City centre: 5 -7 stops / km, •sub-urban: 1 - 3 stops /km
• 15.
  Example of BusService Guidelines Passenger comfort •Passenger shelter •Route and destination sign •Driver courtesy
• 16.
  LRT station Underground Car park Passengers’ area (embark / disembark) Bus holding area Bus Station
• 17.
  Bus station aboveunderground transit station
• 18.
  Bus Priority lane The second stop line for buses The first stop line for regular traffic Special treatment for buses at intersection of Jalan Raja Laut and Jalan Sultan Ismail
• 19.
  Bus lane
• 20.
  Bus Operation Design Frequency,f = n / N •n = Demand for service (passengers / hr) •N = Maximum number of passengers per bus •Usually minimum headway is set in multiples of 7.5 or 10 minutes for the shake of coordination (or service frequency of 8, 6, 4 …. per hr)
• 21.
  Example A bus serviceis planned between Bangi and Putrjaya, a distance of 20 km. The operating time is 45 minutes. Estimated demand is 500 passengers/hr. 45-seater buses will be used, which can accommodate 20 standees. Design basic system and determine the fleet size. Maximum headway is 30 minutes and the minimum terminal time is 5 minutes.
• 22.
  Solution: • Operating speedv = 60L/t = 60 x 20 / 45 = 26.67km/hr • headway, h = 60(45 + 20)/500 = 7.8 min (adopt 7.5 min.) • Cycle time, T = 2 (45 + 5) = 100 • Fleet size, N = T / h = 100 / 7.5 = 14 vehicles • Revised cycle time, T'= N x h = 14 x 7.5 = 105 min • Revised terminal time = (T' - 2 travel time)/2 = (105 - 2 x 45)/2 = 7.5 minutes • Commercial speed = 20 / (105 / 60 / 2) • = 22.86 km/hr
• 23.
  Terimakasihh Thank you