1. CRANES.pptxhvvbxflbkkdkzklzkzskzszzsk

UNIT-II PPT
HANDLING EQUIPMENT: CRANES

INTRODUCTION
• Cranes are essential in the construction industry, enabling the
lifting and transportation of heavy materials and equipment.
• They vary in design, capacity, and mobility, making them
suitable for different tasks.
• Below is a detailed overview of different component parts of
crane, their functions.

 Concrete foundation: A tower crane
always sits on a concrete foundation,
where anchors are placed to secure
the crane to the ground.
 Tower or mast: From its base, the
crane rises up with the tower, also
called the mast, which consists of
lattice sections stacked on top of one
another.
 Turntable: At the top of the tower,
the crane has a turntable that enables
it to rotate 360 degrees.
Parts of a Crane

 Operator’s cab: Near the turntable,
the operator’s cab gives the crane
operator a place to control the crane
with an unobstructed view.
 Jib: Stretching out forward from the
cab is the jib, the long horizontal
section of a crane.
 Trolley and hook block: Along the
jib, a trolley with a hook block runs
back and forth, enabling loads to be
moved along the length of the crane.
Parts of a Crane

 Counterjab and counterweights:
Behind the cab is the counterjab,
where counterweights are placed to
stabilize the crane at rest and during
movement.
 Main winch and motors: At the
back of the counterjab sits the main
winch and motors, which enables the
long rope to be lowered or raised to
hoist heavy loads.
 Tower peak or apex: Rising above
the cab is the tower peak, also known
as the apex, where the pendants
extend out to support the jib and
counterjab.
Parts of a Crane

How Cranes Are Built
 A concrete foundation is
prepared so that the crane will
be safely anchored to the
ground and stable during
lifting.
 A mobile crane assembles the
tower crane, lifting several
segments of tower into place
along with core components.
 The tower crane builds the rest
of its own structure as it rises
to its ultimate height.

How a Tower Crane Performs Lifts
 A tower crane will perform hundreds of
lifts over the course of a construction
project, moving heavy materials like steel
and concrete into place for construction
workers assembling a building.
 The rope is lowered down along with the
hook so that the load can be attached.
 A crew of riggers securely attach the load
to the hook, following basic principles of
physics to ensure a stable lift.
 The crane operator performs a series of
moves, including hoists, which raise the
load with the rope, rotations, which spin
the crane, and trolley travel, which
moves the load along the jib.

What a Crane Operator Does
 Crane operators sit inside the cab and use
controls to maneuver the crane.
 Each day, a crane operator must climb a
ladder inside the tower to get to the cab and
start work for the day.
 Importantly, a crane operator must always
perform daily safety checks before starting
operations.
 Communicate with radio and hand signals
to ensure a safe lift.
 Monitor computer safety systems that keep
track of wind speed and weight capacity
limits.
 Use joysticks to perform crane maneuvers
like swings, hoists and trolley travel.

Types of Cranes Commonly Used in Construction
To help you choose the right machine, we’ve broken down
the different types of cranes (mobile and fixed) and their
uses below
• Mobile Cranes
• Fixed Cranes

Mobile Cranes
Mobile cranes are mounted on crawlers or tires and offer greater
mobility than standard cranes. Some mobile cranes are even able to
be driven on the highway. Their ability to navigate around job sites
and carry large amounts of weight makes mobile cranes a very
popular addition to many projects.
There are several different types of mobile cranes, including:
1. Carry Deck Crane
2. Crawler Crane
3. Floating Crane
4. Rough Terrain Crane
5. Truck-mounted Crane

1. Carry Deck Crane
• Carry deck cranes are a relatively
new type of crane that evolved from
the older pick and carry model that
was first introduced in the 1980s.
• They’re small, four-wheeled, can
rotate a full 360 degrees, and are
more portable than other types of
cranes.
• Carry deck cranes are simple to set
up, and their small size easily allows
them to navigate around confined
and open spaces, making them a
staple on many job sites.

2. Crawler Crane
• Instead of wheels, crawlers
are built on an undercarriage
fitted with a pair of rubber
tracks.
• Though this limits the
crawler’s turning capacity, the
tracks make it possible to use
on soft ground and sites with
limited improvement without
sinking.

3. Floating Crane
• Also known as a crane vessel
or crane ship, these floating
cranes are used for projects at
sea, such as ports or oil rigs.
• These cranes have a rich
history—they have been used
since the middle Ages and,
with the help of continuous
technological advancements,
have helped many generations
of people.

4. Rough Terrain Crane
• As the name implies, these cranes are
used for pick and carry operations
off-road and on rough terrains.
• A rough terrain crane is built
similarly to a crawler crane, but
instead of tracks, the undercarriage is
outfitted with four large rubber tires
that are typically equipped with four-
wheel drive.
• Rough terrain cranes are also fitted
with telescopic booms and outriggers
to improve stability and make
mobility much more manageable in
tight and rough areas.

5. Truck-mounted Crane
• Truck-mounted cranes are made up
of two parts: the carrier (truck),
and the boom (arm).
• Due to their unique build, they’re
able to travel easily on the road
with no unique set up or
transportation equipment.
• Truck-mounted cranes are outfitted
with counterweights and outriggers
for stabilization, allowing them to
move slowly while carrying a large
load.

Fixed Cranes
• Fixed cranes are typically fixed in one location or spot, and most
need to be brought in and assembled at the site of the project.
• What fixed cranes lack in mobility, they make up for with the
ability to lift heavier loads and reach even greater heights.
• These crane types are set in place for the duration of a project
• Bridge/Overhead Crane
• Bulk-handling Crane
• Hammerhead Crane
• Telescopic Crane
• Tower Crane

1. Bridge/Overhead Crane
• The bridge crane, also known
as an overhead crane, are
typically found in industrial
environments.
• Its name comes from the fact
that it resembles a bridge
supported by two steel beams
that straddle the workload,
with the hoist (lifting
mechanism) traveling along
the bridge part of the crane.

2. Bulk-handling Crane
• Bulk-handling cranes are used
to carry large volumes of
heavy materials, like coal or
minerals.
• Instead of a hook at the end,
bulk-handling cranes have a
specialized hook that utilizes a
grabbing mechanism and a
bucket to grab, hold, and lift
materials.

3. Hammerhead Crane
• Hammerhead cranes are some
of the most commonly used in
construction projects.
• This crane has a horizontal,
swiveling lever resting on a
fixed tower.
• The trolley is held in the
forward part of the arm and is
counterbalanced with the part
of the arm that extends
backward.

4. Telescopic Crane
• Telescopic cranes are
equipped with a boom (arm)
outfitted with a hydraulic
cylinder that allows it to
change length, like a
telescope.
• Although it’s considered a
fixed crane, many telescopic
cranes are mounted on a truck
to transport to and from
different worksites.

5. Tower Crane
• Commonly used in the
construction of tall buildings,
tower cranes are beautiful
machines that offer amazing
lifting capabilities.
• Due to their size, tower cranes
are equipped with an
operating cab that controls the
entire crane.
• Tower cranes have their jib
extending horizontally from
the mast (tower part), which
itself rests on a concrete base.

Uses
• Lifting Heavy Materials – Steel beams, concrete blocks,
machinery.
• Transporting Materials – Moving loads across the site.
• High-Rise Building Construction – Tower cranes lift materials
to great heights.
• Bridge Construction – Assembling large sections.
• Demolition – Wrecking balls or hydraulic shears.
• Equipment Installation – Placing HVAC, generators, etc.
• Infrastructure Projects – Roads, dams, tunnels.
• Modular Construction – Placing prefabricated sections.
• Safety & Efficiency – Reduces manual labour and risk.

Applications
• High-Rise Building Construction – Tower cranes lift heavy materials (steel,
concrete, glass) to upper floors.
• Bridge Construction – Floating and gantry cranes assemble large bridge sections.
• Road & Highway Projects – Mobile cranes lift precast concrete slabs and beams.
• Dams & Hydropower Plants – Gantry cranes place heavy turbines and
construction materials.
• Tunnel Construction – Overhead cranes assist in moving tunnel boring machines
(TBMs) and segments.
• Residential & Commercial Buildings – Crawler and tower cranes transport
construction materials.
• Industrial Plants & Factories – Overhead cranes install heavy machinery and
production equipment.
• Shipbuilding Yards – Gantry cranes assemble ship components.
• Oil & Gas Industry – Offshore cranes lift heavy equipment for drilling platforms.
• Demolition Sites – Wrecking cranes help in controlled building demolitions.

Advantages
• Increased Efficiency – Speeds up material lifting and transportation.
• Heavy Load Handling – Lifts materials that are impossible for manual labor.
• Safety Improvement – Reduces worker injuries caused by heavy lifting.
• Time-Saving – Speeds up project completion by handling multiple tasks at
once.
• Cost-Effective – Reduces labor costs and minimizes downtime.
• Precision & Accuracy – Allows precise placement of heavy materials.
• Versatility – Different cranes are suitable for various terrains and construction
needs.
• Reduces Manual Labor – Less physical effort required, improving workforce
productivity.
• Access to Heights – Essential for high-rise and tall structure construction.
• Handles Difficult Terrain – Crawler and rough-terrain cranes work in uneven
areas.

Disadvantages
• High Initial Cost – Cranes are expensive to buy, rent, and maintain.
• Complex Operation – Requires trained and certified operators.
• Safety Risks – Accidents like crane collapses, load drops, or tipping can occur.
• Weather Dependency – Strong winds, rain, or storms can halt crane
operations.
• Space Requirements – Large cranes need sufficient space for setup and
movement.
• Maintenance & Repairs – Regular servicing is required to prevent
breakdowns.
• Limited Mobility – Tower cranes are fixed in one location, restricting
movement.
• Ground Stability Issues – Unstable ground can lead to crane tilting or sinking.
• Noise & Environmental Impact – Cranes generate noise pollution and
emissions.
• Setup & Dismantling Time – Some cranes require long installation and
removal processes.

1. CRANES.pptxhvvbxflbkkdkzklzkzskzszzsk

1. CRANES.pptxhvvbxflbkkdkzklzkzskzszzsk

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