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1. SOCIAL GROUP.pptx
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- 2. Social groups andProcesses: The meaning and classification of groups Primary & Secondary Group In-groupV/s. Out-group, Class,Tribe, caste Economic, Political, Religious groups Mob, Crowd, Public and Audience Interaction & social processes Co - operation, competition, conflict Accommodation Assimilation & Isolation
- 3. Man issocial animal. His daily life is made up largely of participating in groups. According to Merton, three elements are must for a group: Two or more individuals, Social relationship which is the result of interaction among individuals and For individual, it must be that he/she should feel himself/herself the member of group and should have ‘we’ feeling for that group.
- 4. Social groupsconsists of a number of people who have a common identity, some feeling of unity, and a certain common goals and shared norms. “Social interaction takes place in the context of social groups”.
- 5. “Whenever twoor more individuals come together and influence one another; they may be said to constitute a social group”. - Ogburn and Nimkoof By group we mean any collection of human beings who are brought into social relationship with one another”. -Mac lver and Page
- 6. A socialgroup may be defined “as two or more persons who are in communication over an appreciable period of time and who act in accordance with a common function or purpose”. -Eldredge and Merrit A social group may be as number of persons two or more, who have some common objects of attention who are stimulating to each other, who have common loyalty and participate in similar activities”. - Bogardus
- 7. Collection ofindividuals Interaction among members Sense of ‘we feeling’ & ‘unity’ Common ideas , values & interest Group rules or norms Stability Similarity of behaviour among the group member.
- 8. NUMBERS PERMANENCY / STABILITY WE FEELINGFUNCTIONS SOCIAL RELATIONS Stable Quasi Un- stable Voluntary Involuntary Large Group Small Group In group Out group Primary Secondary
- 9. George simmel,Johnson, and Homans told about the small groups and large groups. They considered that small groups are important basis of society.They include family, kinship. locality etc. in small groups. They considered nation, state, etc.as a large group.
- 10. There aretwo groups, stable and unstable. The groups which are made forever like family,kinship and educational institution are stable groups. The other groups like crowd, passangers, audience, etc. who are for short time are unstable groups. Group which is in the middle of stable and unstable is Quasi group. It has the lack of structure and organization. E.g.Social class,status group,age and sex groups.
- 11. This classificationis given by summer in his book ‘Folkways’. In- group: In –group is also known as ‘We’ group. The individual belongs to number of groups which are in this group. The members of such group identify themselves with one another and with the group as whole. Out-group: It is as “They’ group. The out-group consists of those persons, whether formally organising or not, toward whom we feel a sense of indifference, avoidance,competition or conflict etc.
- 12. On thesebasis, Giddins told for 2 groups are: 1.Voluntary group: In these group,We can change our group depends on our wish. E.g.Teachers group, professional group etc. 2. Involuntary group: Membership is fix We cannot change our group. E.g. Family, caste etc.
- 13. A referencegroup is a group to which we compare ourselves. Sociologists call any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior a reference group. There are some particular individuals in society whose standards or values become the ideals for other people and imitated by them. Thus, in reference group, a person considers to another person or group as an ideal. That group is reference for him because he wants to be like them or him.
- 14. 1. Primary Group: “Primary group means two or more persons behaving in relation to each other in a way that is intimate, cohesive and personal.” E.g. Family, play group, Neighbourhood etc. 2. Secondary Group: “Secondary Groups are those which do not have face to face relationships and they have competitive relationships rater than mutual.”
- 15. Social class Business organization Political parties Labor union Etc.
- 16. PRIMARYGROUP SECONDARYGROUP Small sizeLarge size Limited no. of members Unlimited no. of members Physical proximity is must Physical proximity is not must Stable relationship Unstable relationship Informal and personal relationship Formal and impersonal relationship We feeling is found Lack of We feeling Mutual cooperation Competition Direct face to face relationship Indirect face to face relationship Involuntary membership Voluntary membership
- 17. Primary group Secondarygroup 1. Meaning Groups which characterized by face to face relationships, mutual aid and companionships. E.g. Family, neighbourhood, community, play group etc. Groups which provide experience, but lacking in intimacy. E.g. Political parties, trade union, factory, religious association, SNA,TNAI etc. 2. Nature of social relation Social relation are face to face, direct, intimate, personal, non-specialised, non-economic character. Social relation are not face to face, indirect, impersonal, specialised, more economic character.
- 18. Primary group Secondarygroup 3. Size Small size Large size 4. Social proximity Physical proximity is must Physical proximity is not must 5.Communication Direct face to face relationship Indirect face to face relationship 6. Group interest Interest of members are not specific but general. Interest of members are specific.
- 19. Primary group Secondarygroup 7. Nature of cooperation Mutual cooperation Competition 8. Group structure Very informal group structure Formal group structure 9. Durability: The groups are relatively durable. Groups are temporary or permanent.
- 20. Primary group Secondarygroup 10. Effect on personality The group has a long lasting influence on the personality development of members. The impact of the group on the personality of the members is limited. 11. Nature of group control: Informal and primary social control Formal and secondary social control 12. We feeling Each person in a primary group has “we feeling” of belonging to one unit. No strong “we feeling”.