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1 the digestive system final PRESENTATION
- 1.
- 2. What is theDigestive System? The digestive system is a continuous tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus. nutrients
- 3. It measuresabout 30 ft. long in the average adult, it is known as the alimentary canal or the gastrointestinal tract. It is made uo of a series of muscle that coordinate the movement of food and other cells that produce enzymes and hormones to aid in the breakdown of food.
- 4. 3 Functions ofthe Digestive System 1. Breaking of the foods into nutrients, 2. Absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream, and 3. Eliminating the indigestive parts of food from the body.
- 5. The digestive systemis consists of the GI tract or alimentary canal and the accessory organ of the digestion. GI Tract 1. Mouth 2. Throat and Esophagus 3. Stomach 4.Small Intestine 5. Large Intesine 6. Rectum and Anus Accessory organs of digestion 1. Liver 2. Gallbladder 3. Pancreas
- 6. 6 Process ofDigestion 1.Ingestion - entry of food into the alimentary canal through the mouth. 2. Propulsion - the movement of food through the digestive tract. ex. swallowing 3. Digestion A. Mechanical Digestion - physical process that does not change the chemical matter of the food. ex. Chewing or Mastication
- 7. Continued... B. Chemical Digestion -aided by the secretions of enzymes. 4. Absorption - nutrients are absorbed from the lumen of the alimentary canal to the bloodstream. 5.Defecation - undigested materials are removed from the body as feces.
- 8. 1. Mouth/ OralCavity – this is where the digestion begins. 1. The Teeth – breaks the food apart by chewing.... mastication. 2. Salivary Glands – secretes the chemical called saliva. Which mix with the food to form a bolus.
- 10. 2. The Esophagus -it is a collapsible tube that connects the pharynx and the stomach. - it is atleast 10 inches in length, and - it is divided into 3 segments, the CERVICAL, THORACIC AND THE ABDOMINAL. - it lubricates the food and moves it to the stomach by peristalsis.
- 11. 3. The Stomach -is an organ with strong muscular walls. -it is divided into 5 parts, Cardia, Fundus, the Body, Antrum, and the Pylorus
- 12. Continued... - it holdsthe food and mixing with Hydrochloric Acid and other gastrtic juices: 1. Pepsin, 2. Intrinsic Factor, 3. Lipase; that continue to break down the food to a semiliquid state called chyme. - chymes passes through the pyloric sphincter valve at the bottom of the stomach into the small intestine.
- 13. 4. The SmallIntestine - considered to be the work force of the digestive system. - it is about 21 ft. long and 1 inch in diameter, extending from the pyloric spinchter valve to the large intestine - it will continue to break down foods with the help of enzymes, released by the pancreas and bile released from the liver. - it absorbs most of the nutrients of the food.
- 14. 3 Segments ofthe Small Intestine 1. Duodenum - foot- long section just beyond the stomach. 2. Jejunum - is the next 8 feet. 3. Ileum Is the remaining 12 feet. - receives food from the stomach via pyloric sphincter. Jejunum and Ileum' s entire surface area are covered in villi to aid absorptions
- 15. Pancreas - among itsother function, the pancreas helps digestion by producing enzymes and sending them to the duodenum via the pancreatic duct, this enzymes break down proteins, fats and carbohydrates, - it is 6inches long and sits across the back of the stomach, behind the abdomen.
- 16. The Liver - oneof the many organs that has many functions. - the primary contribution to the digestion process is the production of bile or gall which drains into the duodenum thru the hepatic duct. While some bile is stored in the gallbladder, where it becomes more concentrated, increasing its potency and intensifying effect.
- 17. The Gallbladder - servesas storage of bile or gall - when the fat- containing chyme leaves the stomach, the gallbladder contracts and discharges bile through the cystic duct and common bile duct and into the duodenum
- 18. 5. The LargeIntestine - 5 inches long and 2 ½ inches in diameter Dauhin's Valve – divide the small and large intestines. Like other valves, its action is to relax and contracts allowing matters to pass through and prevent backflow, - Subdivided into 4 sections. Cecum, Ascending Colon, Transverse Colon, Descending Colon and Sigmoid Colon
- 19. Continued... - large intestinehas no villis because most of the nutrients is already absorbed by the small intestines. - however, large intestine has an estimated 100 billion bacteria inside, these bacterias are important in many task such as the production of vitamins and the decomposition of fiber for the body energy production. - Its main function is to absorb the remaining water in the chyme; furthermore adding mucous causing the food to become firmer and turn into stool.
- 20. 6. The Rectumand Anus The rectum is where feces are stored until they leave the digestive system, through the anus as a bowel movement. - is an 8 inches chamber that connect the colon to the anus.
- 22. ...and this iswhere our journey of the digestive system ends.
- 23. Organs Movement EventsParticles Breakdown Mouth/ Oral Cavity Swallowing Chewing and mixing of saliva forming a bolus. Carbohydrates Esophagus Peristalsis Stomach Mixes food with digestive juices. Proteins, Lipids Small Intestine Peristalsis Breakdown of most nutrients aided by the Liver, Pancreas, Gallbladder Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats Large Intestine Peristalsis Absorbs water. Water Rectum Storage of feces Anus