CCNA- part 10 wan link-isdn
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A WAN connects sites over long distances using leased lines or circuits to exchange information between locations. Key WAN technologies include T1/E1 circuits, frame relay, ATM, and MPLS. Circuit-switched technologies like ISDN provide temporary connections when bandwidth is needed, while dedicated leased lines offer constant connectivity but are more expensive. Common WAN protocols are HDLC, PPP, Frame Relay, and ATM used with CSU/DSU equipment to connect to telephone networks.
CCNA- part 10 wan link-isdn
- 1. WAN Wide Area Network
- 2. Wide Area Networks:- • A WAN is a data communications network covering a large geographic area. • Unlike LANs , a WAN connection is generally rented from a service provider. • WANs connect various sites at different geographic locations so that information can be exchanged. • Factors involved in selecting a WAN technology are:- 1. Cost 2. User needs 3. Bandwidth required.
- 3. Speed of WAN Links:- • T1 = 1.544 mbps. • T2 = 128 kbps. • T3 = 64 kbps. • E1 = 2mbps.
- 4. Types of WAN Links:- There are three types of WAN links:- • Dedicated (leased point-to-point) line. • Circuit switched links. • Packet-switched links.
- 5. Dedicated (leased) line:- • Leased line are used for short-distance connections. • For constant data flow. • It is 100% private. • High expensive. • For longer connect times (always on). Standards supported on Cisco routers • EIA/TIA -232 • EIA/TIA -449 • V.35 • X.21 • EIA/TIA- 530
- 6. WAN Components CSU/DSU CSU/DSU Telco CSU/DCSSUU/DSU CSU/DSU Telco CSU/DSU CPE CSU:- channel service unit. CPE:-customer premises equipment
- 7. Data link Layer Protocols:- • WAN data-link protocols are used on serial links to provide the basic function of data delivery across that WAN link. • There are two types of data-link layer leased line protocols:- 1. HDLC (High-level Data Link Control). 2. PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol).
- 8. HDLC • Vendor proprietary protocol (Cisco). • No support for authentication. • No support for compression. • It will support synchronous communications. • It will not support asynchronous communications. • No error correction. PPP • Open standard protocol. • support for authentication • support for compression • It will support synchronous communications. • It will support asynchronous communications. • It will support error correction, but disable by default.
- 10. Circuit switched links:- • It provides dedicated bandwidth between two points, but only for the duration of the call. • Typically used as a cheaper alternative to leased lines, particular when connectivity in not needed all the time. • Also is useful for backup when a leased line or packet-switched service fails. • E.G. ISDN, PSTN
- 11. ISDN Service Provider Circuit switched connections:- (ISDN) NT1 Switch BRI CSU/DSU PRI
- 12. ISDN • Integrated service digital network. • It is a digital communication. • It connects in fraction of seconds. • Speed is 128kbps. • It support Multiple service at a time(voice, video, data image). • Terminal adapter are required. PSTN • Public switched telephone network. • It is a analog communication. • Time to connect is high. • Speed is up to 56 kbps(range is 33.6-56). • One service at a time. • Modem are required.
- 13. Advantages of ISDN:- • Digital communication:- – reliable connection • Speed:- – 128 kb/s (144kb/s) for BRI – 1920 kb/s (2048 kb/s) for PRI • Fast call setup:- – Only 2 seconds
- 14. Service types:- There are two type of services:- 1.BRI:- Basic Rate Interface (2 B channels + 1 D channel) B=bearer channel =64kbps. D= delta channel = 16 kbps 2.PRI:- Primary Rate Interface – T1 (23 B channels + 1 D channel) - 1.544 Mbps (US standard) – E1 (30 B channels + 2 D channel) – 2.048 Mbps (European standard) • B= 64 kbps • D= 64 kbps
- 15. ISDN Groups & Reference Points:- ISDN Service Provider NT1 A B U S/T U ISDN Service Provider Uses ISDN interference e.g. BRI Uses S/T interference e.g. BRI
- 16. Reference points continue……….. ISDN Service Provider TA NT1 NT2 NT1 C D U U R S/T S T ISDN Service Uses serial interference e.g. s0 Provider Uses serial interference e.g. s0
- 17. Reference points:- Reference point • R • S • T • U • S/T What it connect between • TE2 & TA • TE1 or TA & NT2 • NT2 & NT1 • NT1 & Telco • TE1 or & NT1
- 18. Function Groups:- • TE1:- (Terminal Equipment1) 1.ISDN capable four-wire cable. 2.Understands signaling and 2B+1D. 3.Uses as S reference point.e.g. bri port • TE2:- (Terminal Equipment 2) 1.Equipment that does not understand ISDN protocol & specification. 2.uses an R reference point, typically an RS-232 or V.35 cable. E.g. serial port.
- 19. Function Groups continue…………. • TA:- (Terminal Adapter) 1.Equipment that uses R and S reference point. 2.It can be thought of as the TE1 functions group on half of a TE2. E.g. s0 • NT1:- (Network termination type 1) 1. CPE equipment connect with U reference point. 2.Connect with T & S reference point other devices. • NT2:- (Network termination type 2) 1.Equipment that uses a T reference point to the telco. 2.Uses an S reference point to connect to other CPE.
- 20. Backup lines:- • Router to router connections • ISDN call setup when leased line fails Hyderabad Leased Line Dubai ISDN Service Provider ISDN Line
- 21. Configuration of ISDN:- 1.configure BRI interface:- Hyderabad#config t Hyderabad(config)#interface bri <no> Hyderabad(config-if)#ip add negotiated Hyderabad(config-if)# no shut Hyderabad(config-if)#encapsulation ppp 2. Authentication configuration:- Hyderabad(config)#ppp authentication pap chap call in Hyderabad(config)#ppp pap sent-username <name> password <password> Hyderabad(config)# ppp chap hostname <username> Hyderabad(config)#ppp chap password <password> Hyderabad(config)#exit
- 22. Configuration continue…………. 3.Dialer command configuration:- Hyderabad(config)#interface bri <no> Hyderabad(config-if)# dialer string <phone. No> Hyderabad(config-if)# dialer idle-timeout <time in sec.> Hyderabad(config-if)#dialer-group <group no.> Hyderabad(config-if)#exit 4. NAT commands configuration:- Hyderabad(config)#interface e <no> Hyderabad(config-if)# ip nat inside Hyderabad(config-if)# interface bri <no.> Hyderabad(config-if)#ip nat outside Hyderabad(config-if)#exit Hyderabad(config)#ip nat inside source list <no> interface bri <no> overload
- 23. Configuration continue…………. 5. Access list command configuration:- Hyderabad(config)#access-list <acl no.> <permit/deny> <source ip> <source wm> Hyderabad(config)#dialer-list <dialer no.> protocol ip permit 6.Routing command configuration:- Hyderabad(config)#ip routing Hyderabad(config)#ip route <destination ip> <destination wm> <exit interface type> <int no.> 7.server command:- Hyderabad(config)#ip domain-lookup Hyderabad(config)# ip name-server <public ip add>