Learn Basics & Advances of Metaverse - 101Blockchains

Metaverse
101 Blockchains Flashcards

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1. Metaverse
The metaverse is a massive 3D world including various shared digital spaces where users
can participate as digital avatars. Metaverse emerged from the realm of sci-fi novels and
films into reality as a 3D iteration of the internet. Just like browsing through different web
pages in a 2D manner, the metaverse will allow users to interact with web pages in 3D
environments. Imagine shopping for clothes in a virtual 3D fashion store in the metaverse.
2. Avatars
The notion of a three-dimensional virtual world is not enough to build the metaverse. Avatars
are the instruments that can bridge the gap between users and the metaverse. Avatars are
the 3D counterparts of users in the metaverse. Users can develop their own customized
avatars by tailoring different physical characteristics and traits according to their
preferences. The avatars help users interact with the metaverse and other metaverse
participants.
3. Realism
Realism is one of the mandatory traits required for developing a metaverse. Users should
develop a real emotional connection with the experiences in the metaverse to drive
engagement. One of the foremost aspects for ensuring realism is through a lucid translation
of users’ actions to their avatars. In a world where visual effects and high-quality computer
graphics dominate the visual experience, realism makes the metaverse more rational.
Learn the core concepts of Metaverse through
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4. Metaverse Design
The design of the metaverse is highly complex, unlike many imagine it to be. There are
various components in the complex digital environment known as the metaverse. The
essential elements for designing the metaverse include connectivity, interface,
decentralization, 3D visualization, and experiences. In addition, the metaverse also needs a
content engine and a creator economy. All these elements work in sync together to offer the
functionalities envisioned for the metaverse.
5. Augmented Reality
Augmented Reality or AR is one of the foundational elements in the design of the metaverse.
The technology enables people to add information to the visual environment surrounding
them. Some of the examples of AR applications include identifying and adding information
to objects, or the use of digital holograms in physical spaces. Augmented Reality presents a
slight contrast to Virtual Reality (VR) in the fact that the latter is an immersive experience.
6. Virtual Reality
Virtual Reality or VR is a common term you must have come across in the tech space. It is the
technology that helps users become completely immersed in virtual worlds. With the help of
advanced VR headsets, users can dive into a completely immersive virtual world experience.
VR is different from Augmented Reality as the latter focuses on layering 3D virtual
environments on the physical world surrounding users.
7. Creator Economy
Creator economy is the concept of bringing marketplaces and software together to enable
and empower creators to add content to the metaverse. The creator economy can include a
massive assortment of assets ranging from individual assets to whole ecosystems such as
virtual worlds, games, or crafted experiences. The virtual economies in the virtual worlds
could help participants create virtual assets and customize avatars.

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8. Experiences
Experiences are one of the essential elements in designing the metaverse. They are just the
VR counterparts of real-life activities and experiences. Anything you do in the metaverse is
an experience. Some of the notable examples of experiences in the metaverse include
immersive social media experiences, games, virtual workspaces, and live concerts. For
example, American rapper Travis Scott organized a virtual concert on the online gaming
platform Fortnite.
9. Extended Reality
Extended Reality or XR is basically an umbrella term that encompasses almost anything
immersive. The name implies that the technology could extend the reality experienced by
people through the blend of real and virtual worlds. It brings together the different
components of virtual, augmented, and mixed reality in one place. With the potential for a
$209 billion market size in 2022, XR is an inevitable component of the metaverse.
10. Decentralization in Metaverse
The metaverse has been envisioned as a democratic space where users are free of any
centralized control. Therefore, decentralization is an essential requirement for building
metaverse while enabling users to interact across different spaces without restrictions. A
virtual world like metaverse also needs independent currency like native crypto tokens and
NFTs to verify asset ownership, which brings decentralization into the picture.
11. Decentraland
Decentraland is one of the early pioneers in the field of metaverse applications with its
Ethereum-based utopian world. The platform helps users engage with different types of
games and activities and also features the option to create your own environments,
applications, and marketplaces. In a recent auction of a virtual estate on Decentraland, the
total auction sales amounted to almost $2.4 million, indicating favorable prospects for
metaverse development.

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12. Sandbox
Sandbox is a blockchain-based gaming platform where users can create and share unique
experiences and assets. Users can make the most of NFTs for exercising ownership over
their in-game assets. Creators, designers, and explorers can interact with the Sandbox and
use different tools for building the virtual world. The Sandbox has also started gaining
popularity in the NFT sales of virtual land, thereby presenting competition to Decentraland.
13. 5G
5G is a broad term referring to the fifth stage in the evolution of wireless networks that would
introduce enhancements in latency. The technology would improve speed alongside the
number of transactions you can execute at one time. 5G technology can provide effective
improvements in the performance of congested networks alongside applications such as
video telephony and real-time gaming, as well as edge-computing applications.
14. Second Life
Second Life is a 3D virtual world where users can create avatars and virtual environments
for different social networking and educational objectives. Users can explore the virtual
environments, interact with other residents alongside socializing and participating in
different individual and group activities. The platform also enables users to create and trade
virtual assets and services with each other.
15. MMORPG
MMORPG is an acronym for Massively Multiplayer Online Role-playing Game, which are
basically online video games with the elements of role-playing games. MMORPGs are
different from other online video games because of the distinct role-playing and social
elements such as character generation and the progress of players in the game. Another
important feature associated with MMORPGs is the facility for open-world exploration.

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16. Mixed Reality
Mixed Reality refers to the technology or systems that combine the physical world with
virtual worlds alongside digital information. Basically, a blend of the physical and digital
domains, Mixed Reality or MR, helps in unlocking a wide range of intuitive and natural three-
dimensional computer, environmental and human interactions. MR relies on innovative
developments in computer vision, cloud computing, and graphical processing.
17. Skeuomorphic Design
Skeuomorphic design is a vital concept in user experience (UX) design that can mimic the
different elements of real-life products and features. It is a design style that involves precise
3D emulation of the real interactions and experiences of users in the real world. UX designers
utilize skeuomorphic design approaches to offer a better sense of familiarity to users in 3D
virtual platforms, thereby driving better engagement.
18. Mirrorworld
Mirrorworld is a concept emphasizing creating a virtual counterpart of the real world in a
three-dimensional environment. It would have 3D representations of objects, places, and
people in the real world, linked to their counterparts in the real world. In technical terms, it
is an invisible digital data layer associated spatially with spaces, objects, and people.
Basically, mirrorworld is a one-to-one map of the real world in digital form.
19. Neal Stephenson
Neal Stephenson is the author of the famous sci-fi novel “Snow Crash” that was published in
1994. He coined the term ‘metaverse’ for the first time in the novel, with a staggeringly similar
depiction of the immersive virtual world. Neal Stephenson imagined the metaverse as a
virtual world where people could escape from the real world and navigate the metaverse in
the form of digital avatars.

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20. Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)
Brain-Computer Interface or BCI refers to an interface that enables users to interface their
thoughts directly through a computer system. For example, a BCI system designed in 2021
focuses on supporting individuals with medical conditions that restrict the use of their hands.
The two distinct categories of BCI systems include invasive and non-invasive systems. BCI
has the potential for maximizing the use of different interfaces.
21. Cybernetics
Cybernetics refers to the technology that bridges the gaps between machines and human
interactions. You can think of a game controller as a basic example of cybernetics. Some of
the other examples of cybernetics applications include wearable technology, VR headsets,
and smart glasses. The developments in cybernetics emerge primarily from large-scale
innovation in machine intelligence and the introduction of more intuitive interfaces.
22. Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)
Decentralized Autonomous Organization or DAO is an approach for on-chain governance
which allows the DAO token holders to guide the organization. Members of the network with
DAO tokens would have the privilege of voting on the proposals for the future direction of
the organization. Some of the notable examples of the use cases of DAOs include software
projects, governance in companies, and protocols.
23. Digital Hologram
A hologram represents the digital overlay of a specific image in a physical space. Digital
holograms refer to the simulation of holograms in the virtual space, including the projection
of objects or user interfaces. You can add an object mapped into the space with AR
experiences or project the screens on VR or AR spaces. Digital holograms overcome the
conventional barriers for displaying holograms on fixed hardware displays.

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24. Digital Identity
Digital Identity basically includes all the terms that showcase how you can establish proper
identification in all online applications alongside interacting with the applications. Digital
identity also includes software to enable authentication of identity in a specific software
application. In addition, software for projecting user identity into virtual environments in the
form of avatars also comes under the scope of digital identity.
25. Digital Twin
Digital twin refers to any digital object in the metaverse that can easily replicate the real-time
properties associated with physical objects. The digital twin can include all the visual traits,
such as an accurate 3D representation of the existing state of the source. In addition, the
digital twin could also include data fees from the sensors embedded in source objects. The
digital twin of a phone would include its 3D image and information about its specifications.
26. Distributed Network
The concept of a distributed network relates closely to the original vision associated with the
internet. With a distributed network of computers, decentralization can offer the advantage
of safety from natural disasters and nuclear strikes. Over time, the pursuit of a distributed
network gave birth to cloud computing for the remote storage of data. Now, blockchain
networks are redefining the use of distributed networks.
27. Esports
Esports refers to the collective term for video games organized in highly competitive
environments. The games can include the popular, team-based multiplayer online battle
arenas or survival battle royales and single-player first-person shooters. Competitors or
teams face off each other while millions of fans watch the events online. Some of the
examples of top games played in Esports include Fortnite, League of Legends, and Counter-
Strike.

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28. Free to Play
Free to Play or F2P is a unique monetization approach followed across a massive assortment
of online games. The Free to Play games offer virtual economies where participants can start
playing for free. In addition, the F2P games also have features for players to achieve different
types of virtual assets or currency. Some of the items and currency tokens in the F2P games
are available for purchase with real money to facilitate revenue.
29. Future of Work
Future of Work refers to the philosophy of empowering the workforce to collaborate with
each other without the need for physical presence. Some of the earliest examples of the
Future of Work philosophy refer to the applications such as work hangouts or video
teleconferencing. The innovation in use cases of Future of Work also points towards more
immersive collaboration experiences through AR and VR.
30. Game Tech
Game Tech or game technology is the technology responsible for making modern video
gaming possible. The Game Tech stack will be largely responsible for enabling the immersive
experiences in the metaverse and emotion-driven game designs alongside storytelling. You
can discover 3D engines for rendering immersive graphics and persistent virtual worlds as
the top examples of game tech.
31. Graphics Processing Unit
Graphics Processing Units or GPUs are advanced computing resources tailored specifically
for highly concurrent tasks such as artificial intelligence and 3D graphics rendering. The use
of GPUs for rendering spatial environments alongside driving new innovations in machine
intelligence will evolve as key highlights in the development of the metaverse. GPUs can very
well be the basic enablers for the creation of the metaverse.

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32. Human Interface
Human interface basically refers to the hardware you can use to connect to the metaverse.
The most evident example of human interface hardware is the traditional computer screen
or your smartphone screen. In addition, human interface technologies also include VR and
augmented reality alongside newly emerging technologies such as brain-computer
interfaces. Human interfaces are basically the gateway to the metaverse.
33. Immersive Social
Immersive social is a collective term allocated to a specific type of experience in the
metaverse tailored for achieving enhanced social interaction. In other words, you can also
think of immersive social experiences as the immersive, real-time evolution of different
social networks and interactions. Some of the notable examples of immersive social
experiences refer to Rec Room and VRchat, that people can enjoy in Roblox.
34. Live Services
Live Services refer to the internet-based software platforms which are generally cloud-based,
tailored for enabling sophisticated communities and economies in online games and virtual
worlds. You can find software for inventory management in virtual economies, online
tournaments and events, social features, and regular updates. Live Services can offer many
other features necessary for driving a wide range of metaverse experiences.
35. Low Code Platform
Low Code Platform clearly gives away its meaning, especially with the “low code” part. The
low code platforms enable creators to develop applications without extensive knowledge of
computing coding. Low code, as well as no-code platforms, have spurred an exponential rise
in the number of individuals aspiring to create applications and experiences. Such platforms
are crucial for the growth of metaverse by empowering creators and contributors.

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36. Machine Intelligence
Machine Intelligence or artificial intelligence or AI refers to a branch of computer science
focused on infusing machines with intelligence. Machines are capable of using deep learning
technologies to expand their capabilities in examples of image recognition, natural language
interpretation, and autonomous vehicle driving. Machine intelligence is an essential aspect
for the metaverse to create adaptive interfaces that respond to real-world behavior.
37. Modding
Modding refers to the process of creating “mods” or modifications in a virtual world or a
game. Generally, developers create “mods” without any cost as creative projects. However,
in some cases, the “mods” are actually put on sale as enhancements to the game. When
mods are put on sale, modding can be a part of a creator economy in the concerned game
or virtual world. The notable examples of modding are Counter-Strike and DOTA.
38. Network Effects
Network Effects points out the collection of different theories regarding the ways in which
networks can grow in value. Metcalfe’s Law showcases how the value of a network grows as
the square of the number of users. Reed’s Law states that large networks grow in value with
lower adoption friction in subgroups. An understanding of network effects laws can help in
perceiving the future direction of the metaverse.
39. Open Platforms
Open Platforms basically point towards permissionless technology that can help creators
develop applications or content without any restrictions. Developers can have the freedom
to create applications with decentralized dependencies and complete ownership control.
The scope of open platforms brings many decentralized public domain projects such as
decentralized applications based on smart contracts.

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40. OpenXR
OpenXR or WebAssembly (WASM) refers to the application programming interface or API
specification used for delivering 3D, VR, and AR software. It is basically a royalty-free API
standard that offers engines with native access to a wide range of devices in the domain of
mixed reality. OpenXR can help in building engines to target holographic devices as well as
immersive VR devices such as headsets.
41. Play to Earn
Play to Earn or P2E is a new economic model employed in different blockchain-based games,
which facilitate the development of a virtual economy. Participants can earn virtual currency
or assets by playing the game. All the items and the currency in the Play to Earn games are
a part of the virtual economy. Players can trade the items and currency among each other
through decentralized marketplaces and by using NFTs.
42. Self-Sovereign Identity
Self-Sovereign Identity is a term depicting a special form of digital identity granted to a user
with complete control and ownership of the identity. Any centralized authority could not take
control of the Self-Sovereign Identity. Zero knowledge proofs enable self-sovereign identity
owners to choose selective information disclosure for third-party applications. Many
blockchain-based self-sovereign identity solutions are already under development.
43. Simulating Reality
Simulating Reality is a new and innovative trend in the world of technology that offers the
ability for accurate simulation of the real world in computers or digital environments. The
introduction of new technologies such as 3D engines, access to digital twins, and physics-
based modeling tools such as ray tracing have spurred a massive growth of the trend.
Simulations of reality can mirror the real world precisely in the metaverse.

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44. Smartglasses
Smartglasses are basically augmented reality headsets combining different technologies to
provide an immersive experience. They combine the speakers for audio, cameras for
observing and recording the surrounding environment, and microphones for recording and
responding to voice commands. In addition, smartglasses also have the features for
projecting digital holograms in the view of the user’s physical space.
45. Spatial Computing
Spatial computing points out the technology approach for creating immersive experiences
for humans in a computing environment. It involves the addition of computing in objects
where you can find the spatial environment surrounding an individual. Spatial computing
involves technologies to generate outputs, image recognition, and advanced user interfaces
for synthesizing data from virtual worlds and geospatial information.
46. Telepresence
Telepresence is basically another name for digital teleportation, the ability to travel to
remote physical locations through virtual reality and augmented reality technologies. The
common examples of telepresence include live music concerts in virtual worlds,
collaboration in virtual workspaces, and esports events. In the long term, telepresence would
focus on applications in virtual tourism with the support of drones to visit remote locations.
47. Virtual Being
A virtual being, as the name clearly implies, is any character or entity in a virtual world or a
game. The definition of virtual beings would encompass different characters and digital
avatars under the control of a human user. In addition, the characters in the game, which
are controlled by machine intelligence or the non-player characters, are also examples of
virtual beings. Virtual beings are the essential building blocks of the metaverse.

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48. Virtual Currency
Virtual currency is basically digital currency or a unit of account for certain aspects of a virtual
economy. The example of gold players can win in online games such as World of Warcraft
shows the use of virtual currency. Players can use the gold to purchase other virtual assets
in the in-game economy. New blockchain-based environments and experiences offer virtual
currency that can be traded within the platform and on decentralized exchanges.
49. Virtual Economy
Virtual economy refers to a system that can allow users to exert control over virtual currency
and assets in a digital world or other metaverse domains. The examples of free-to-play
games show the use of economies that help players earn some items through participation.
On the other hand, such economies also include assets that users have to purchase with real
money, thereby presenting different approaches for designing virtual economies.
50. Virtual Item
Virtual item basically refers to any in-game object under the possession of a player in a game
or any other metaverse experience. In most cases, users don’t exactly have ownership of
virtual items. On the contrary, they have licenses for using the items in ways decided by the
game or the virtual world. However, NFTs can help in proving the ownership of items
alongside enabling the transfer of ownership of virtual items to other people.
51. Virtual Mainstreaming
Virtual mainstreaming is an overall trend geared towards encouraging the adoption of digital
identity and virtual assets as equivalents of physical identity and property. The growing
involvement of the general public in online environments and experiences calls for
exercising precise standards of digital identity and asset ownership. Virtual mainstreaming
can empower new prospects for making virtual assets and digital identity more mainstream.

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52. Virtual World
Virtual worlds are persistent and sometimes shared environments that can help in
empowering persistence and interaction among multiple people. The virtual worlds include
non-graphical environments in bulletin board games and even in the MMORPGs with high-
end graphics. Virtual worlds have their unique ecosystems with virtual economies, assets,
and currencies alongside customization opportunities for creators.
53. WASM
WASM or WebAssembly is the open standard required for the delivery of binary executable
code in web browsers. The main purpose of WASM is the creation of an open application
environment running in parallel to the app store environments you can find on mobile
phones. However, the focus would primarily turn towards standardized development and
the freedom from a centralized walled garden, thereby adding flexibility.
54. Walled Gardens
Walled gardens are the specific domains in the metaverse where people can create content
only according to specific rules, tools, and permissions. The different walled gardens have
prominent advantages, and the tools are generally easy to use. However, the tools take a
substantial share of the revenue garnered by creators. Many platforms developed in the web
2.0 trends are walled gardens with profound competition from open platforms.
55. Web 3
Web 3 refers to the collection of design patterns, methods, and trends that would shape up
the development of web-based applications. The main focus of the third generation of the
internet would be on standards for using peer-to-peer or blockchain-based platforms for
data storage. For example, a Web 3 wallet can serve as a browser plug-in for allowing users
to access cryptocurrencies and engage with smart contracts.

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