18. mycoplasma
- 3. MORPHOLOGY • They are pleomorphic, spherical in shape • Size varies from 125-250nm to 500-1000nm in diameter.
- 4. CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS • They are facultative anaerobes • Grows maximum in the temperature of 35-37 degree Celsius • Grows best in media containing 30% ascetic fluids and 20% hourse or human serum.
- 5. PATHOGENESIS • Most common species of mycoplasma which causes diseases are 1. mycoplasma pneumonia 2. mycoplasma hominis 3. mycoplasma urealyticum 4. mycoplasma genitalium
- 6. mycoplasma pneumonia • Mycoplasma pneumonia is an infection of the lungs by the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae). • This type of pneumonia is also called atypical pneumonia because the symptoms are different from those of pneumonia due to other common bacteria.
- 7. CAUSES • Mycoplasma pneumonia usually affects people younger than 40. • People who live or work in crowded areas such as schools and homeless shelters have a high chance of getting this condition. But many people who get sick with it have no known risk factors.
- 8. SYMPTOMS • Symptoms are often mild and appear over 1 to 3 weeks. They may become more severe in some people. Common symptoms include any of the following: • Chest pain • Chills • Cough, usually dry and not bloody • Excessive sweating • Fever (may be high) • Headache • Sore throat
- 9. Less common symptoms include: • Ear pain • Eye pain or soreness • Muscle aches and joint stiffness • Neck lump • Rapid breathing • Skin lesions or rash
- 10. mycoplasma hominis • M. hominis is a pathogen in humans commonly found as part of urogenital tract flora especially of women and sexually active adult males. • This bacteria cause a variety of infections which may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, post-abortal fever, post-partum fever and extra genital infections for immuno depressed humans. • It also can cause meningitis, pneumonia and abscesses in newborn children
- 11. mycoplasma urealyticum • Ureaplasma urealyticum is a bacterium that is found in the urogenital tracts of humans. It stains gram negative, but that is because it lacks a cell wall. • This organism can exist as normal flora in the reproductive tract (especially in women) and remain undetected unless specifically tested for.
- 12. • Women with this infection often experience fertility problems and can even be rendered infertile. Infected mothers can also transmit the infection to their baby.
- 13. mycoplasma genitalium • Mycoplasma genitalium is a small pathogenic bacterium that lives on the ciliated epithelial cells of the urinary and genital tracts in humans. • Its existence was first reported in 1981.
- 14. • It can cause significant morbidity in men and women, and is a co-factor in HIV transmission. • It is still controversial whether or not this bacterium is to be recognized as a sexually transmitted pathogen. Specifically, it causes urethritis in both men and women, and also cervicitis and pelvic inflammation in women.
- 15. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS • It includes 1. hematological investigations - no significant findings 2. bacteriological investigations - culture studies - biochemical studies - serological studies
- 16. culture studies • The culture will take 2-3 weeks to get a positive identification of the mycoplasma species.
- 17. biochemical studies • Utilizes glucose or other carbohydrates as source of energy.
- 18. SEROLOGICAL TEST • It include CFT(The complement fixation test is an immunological medical test that can be used to detect the presence of either specific antibody or specific antigen in a patient's serum, based on whether complement fixation occurs) and ELISA
- 19. TREATMENT • Tetracycline and erythromycin are the antibiotics of choice.