1.building

1.building

• 2.
  • It providesshelter to mankind • Various components of building:  Slabs ,beams, columns etc.
• 3.
  Classification of building •Based on occupancy • Based on fire resistance capacity • Based on height of building • Based on mode of load transfer • Based on material.
• 4.
   Residential buildings in which sleeping accomodation is provided for normal residential purposes,with or with out cooking. private dwellings, dormitories, apartments or flats, hotels etc.  Assembly buildings  groups of people assemble or gather for amusement, recreation, social, religious ,patriotic etc.eg Cinema halls, Restaurants  Business building  Used for transaction of business  Used for keeping accounts and records Eg : Shops,Departmental stores etc. Office Buildings
• 5.
   Educational buildings For educational purpose  used for schools, college .  Institutional buildings  used for medical or other treatments,care of infants,aged persons etc  Eg: hospital, jail, orphanages  Industrial buildings  Products or materials of all kinds are fabricated ,manufactured,assembled etc. Eg:- mills, diaries, laboratories, pumping stations etc.  Mercantile buildings  Used as shops, stores , market.
• 6.
   Storage buildings used for storage or sheltering of goods.  Hazardous buildings  Used for storage, handling, manufacture or processes of : Highly explosive materials. Products which are liable to burn with extreme rapidity Products which may produce poisonous fumes or explosions.
• 7.
   Type Iconstruction:- four hour fire resistant  Type II construction:- three hour fire resistant  Type III construction:- two hour fire resistant  Type IV construction:- one hour fire resistant
• 8.
   High risebuilding : building > 15m.  Low rise building : building < 15m.
• 9.
   Load bearingmasonry building  loads are transferred through the masonry wall.  Walls transfer load to the foundation.  Framed building columns and beams carry load and transfer to the foundation.
• 10.
  Earthen building Thatchedbuilding Masonry building Wooden building
• 11.
  RCC building Steel building
• 12.
   It consistof two parts: Super structure:- above ground level Substructure or foundation:- below ground level.
• 14.
   Plinth  portionof the building below the ground floor level and above the level of the ground.  Doors  openings provided in walls of a building to connect the internal rooms.  Windows  openings are provided in the outer walls of building for the entry of light and air into the room.  Provided below the door level.  Ventilators  openings provided in the outer walls for the escape of foul gases from rooms.  Provided on the top of the walls  Walls  vertical components to divide the space into various rooms  Column  isolated vertical load bearing member.
• 15.
   Lintels  reinforcedcement concrete structures provided over the opening such as doors, windows .  Sunshade  slab projecting from the external wall just above the doors, windows ,ventilators etc are called sunshades.  Stairs  structures used to climb from one floor to another.  Height of a step – 15cm to 17cm  Width of step varies from 25cm to 30cm.  Parapet  structures constructed over the roof slab or sunshade for better appearance of building  Safe usage of roof surface.
• 16.
   Floors  horizontalsurfaces which divide a building in to different levels and over which the occupants of the building move about.  Floors provided on the top of the buildings are called first floor, second floor etc  Flooring material like marble, tile, mosaic etc  Basement floors  floors of room below the ground level.  Roofs  topmost part of the building, which covers enclosed by the wall.
• 17.
   Not beundulating because it will increase the cost of levelling.  Near to road .  Civic services like water supply, electric line, telephone lines, drainage sewers should be near to site.  Not be a waterlogged area.  Adequate space to accommodate all the essential accessories required in the building.  Not be located near workshop and factories.  Provide sufficient light and air to the building  Possess good soil at reasonable depth for reducing the cost of foundation.
• 18.
  Selection of sitefor industrial building  Raw materials should be available from the nearby areas  Enough space for future expansion of industry  Suitable waste disposal plant must be available at reasonable distance.  There may not be any problem for labour and labourers should be available from near by area