2- notes for Vertebraenewcurriculum.pptx

2- notes for Vertebraenewcurriculum.pptx

• 1.
  Vertebra e 1 Anatomy Practical team- Med 439 Musculoskeletal Block
• 2.
  2 Notes the information inthis file is based on the things that was given during practical sessions along with doctors’ notes To ensure your grade on each question : 1-Make sure your SPELLING is correct 2-Make sure you write the FULL name or location of the object precisely
• 3.
  3 Body “centrum” Anterior Spinous process "Posterior “ Transverse process " Lateral ” Articular process Superior “also there is inferior“ Vertebral foramen Lamina Pedicle Articular facet Superior “Also there is inferior” Typical vertebrae Articular process and transverse process contain a facet
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  Atlas C1 Ring shapedvertebrae Atypical Cervical Vertebrae Circular or oval facet (inferior surface) Posterior arch “long” Anterior arch “short” Special features: Common features: Joint: ●No body Superior ●No spinous process Articular ●Transverse foramen ●vertebral surface ●Kidney shaped foramen receives the articular facet ●Transverse occipital (superior surface) process condyle of the ●Circular or oval skull to form shaped facet (inferior the surface) Atlanto-occipit ●Two lateral masses. al joint (nod yes) vertebral foramen large Transverse foramen Transverse process Kidney shaped facet (superior surface)
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  Axis C2 Atypical Cervical Vertebrae Special features: Common features: Joint: ●Odontoid processor dens "it’s the body of axis” ●Transverse foramen ●Superior & inferior articular facet ●Vertebral foramen ●Spinous process ●Transve rse process. The inferior articular facets of the Atlas (C1) articulate with the superior articular facets of the Axis (C2) to form atlanto-axial joint. Odontoid process or dens Superior articular facet Spinous process Vertebral foramen It has all the features of typical cervical except the body replaced by odontoid process
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  Prominens C7 Atypical Cervical Vertebrae Specialfeatures: Common features: ●Spinous process (Long,Not bifid, not downward) ●Veins and nerves pass through transverse foramen ●Superior & Inferior articular facet ●Vertebral foramen (triangular,large) ● Transverse process Spinous process Long - not bifid Vertebral foramen Superior articular facet Transverse foramen Transverse process
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  C3 - C6 TypicalCervical Vertebrae Special features: Common features: ● Vessels passes ●Transverse process through transverse ●Vertebral foramen foramen ●Small body ●spinous processes is bifid,short and fork like Transverse foramen Spinous process Bifid- short- fork like Vertebral foramen triangular Superior articular facet Transverse process Body Small
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  Thoracic vertebrae spinous process Superior articular process Lamina Transverse process Pedicle Vertebral foramen Vertebral body Superior articularsurface Special features common features Inferior articular surface thoracic vertebrae (T1 To T11) The last thoracic vertebrae T12 - The inferior articular surfaces are facing anteriorly towards the inferior part of the spinous process -The inferior articular surfaces are facing laterally to articulate with the L1. Comparison between the inferior articular surfaces of the last thoracic vertebrae T12 and the other thoracic vertebrae (T1 to T11): -The body is medium sized, somewhat heart-shaped and has two costal Vertebrae demifacets on each sides (superior,Inferior) which receive the heads of the ribs. - also the transverse processes have facets that articulate with the tubercles of the ribs. - spinous process (long hooks sharply downward) Vertebral foramen (circular), pedicle, lamina.
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  Typical & atypicallumbar spinous p rocess Superior articular process L a m i n a Vertebral body Vertebral foramen Pedicle Transverse process Superior articular surface Superior view Remember that: The body is anterior The spinous process is posterior Inferior view Inferior articular surface Kidney shaped body Typical lumbar L1,L2,L3,L4 Atypical lumbar L5 - The inferior articular surfaces are facing laterally towards the transverse processes. -The inferior articular surfaces are facing anteriorly to articulate with the sacrum. - Spinous process is short (shorter than the typical) - Massive block like body (kidney shaped) - spinous process (Short hatchet shaped) - In all lumbar vertebrae the superior articular surfaces are facing medially towards the spinous process. Vertebral foramen (triangular), pedicle, transverse process, lamina. Special features common features Comparison between the inferior articular surfaces of the typical and atypical lumbar vertebrae:
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  Sacrum & coccyxSacrum Features Apex Ala Sacral promontory Ala - The sacrum is formed by fusion of 5 vertebrae. -The superior articular surfaces are facing posteriorly to articulate with L5. - The sacrum articulate inferiorly with the coccyx forming the sacrococcygeal joint. -The wing like ala articulate laterally with the hip bones, forming the sacroiliac joints. - The sacrum has two surfaces: 1- Anterior -pelvic- surface (Concave,smooth). 2- Posterior -dorsal- surface (Convex). - The sacral canal opens inferiorly where it is called sacral hiatus. - Median crest - Medial crest - Lateral crest fused spinous process. fused articular process. fused transverse process. Coccyx Features The coccyx is formed from the fusion of 4 tiny, irregularly shaped vertebrae.
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  Ligaments of thespine Interspinous ligament Supraspinous ligament Posterior longitudinal ligament Intertransverse ligament Anterior longitudinal ligament ● The anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments run as continuous bands along the anterior & posterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies. ● Supraspinous ligament (connects two spine tips). ● Interspinous ligament (connects two spines). ● ligamentum flavum (connects two laminae). ● Intertransverse ligament (connects two transverse processes). ● Ligamentum Nuchae: in the cervical region, the Supraspinous and Interspinous ligaments are thickened to form the strong ligamentum nuchae. ● It extends from the external occipital protuberance of the skull to the spine of the seventh cervical vertebra.
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  12 SUMMARY -When you seethe transverse foramen in a vertebra, that would mean it is from the Cervical vertebrae. Then check if : - There is no body then it is "Atlas C1" - There is an odontoid process it is "Axis C2". -There is a long non-bifid spinous process it is "Prominens C7", otherwise it is typical (C3-C6). * vessels and nerves pass through the transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae except at C7 where only veins and nerves pass*. -When you see a long downward pointing non-bifid spinous with no transverse foramen, it is "thoracic". -If the body big and the spinous process is short hatchet-shaped, it is "lumbar". Click or Scan
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  Identify the structuresand their features
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  14 Don’t stop untilyou are proud. Team Leaders: - Renad Alhomaidi - Bassam Alasmari - Khalid Alosaimii - Mishal Althunayan - Omar alhalabi - Abdulaziz Alomar - Hadi Alhemsi - Nasser Alohali Team Members: - Duaa Alhumoudi - Mona Alomiriny - Rania Almutiri - Taif Almotiri - Nourah Alklaib - Arwa Alqahtani - Norah Alasheikh - Sara Alharbi - Najd Alzahrani