Who	
  We	
  Are	
  




                                          Energy Self-Reliant States




@	
  the	
  Ins)tute	
  for	
  Local	
  Self-­‐Reliance	
  	
  
Overview	
  
•    Why	
  renewable	
  energy?	
  
•    Why	
  distributed	
  genera7on?	
  
•    What’s	
  in	
  the	
  way?	
  
•    What	
  breaks	
  the	
  roadblocks?	
  
Renewable	
  Energy	
  is	
  Widespread	
  




                 Energy	
  Self-­‐Reliant	
  States	
  
Renewable	
  Energy	
  is	
  Widespread	
  




                 Energy	
  Self-­‐Reliant	
  States	
  
Renewable	
  Energy	
  is	
  Widespread	
  




                 Energy	
  Self-­‐Reliant	
  States	
  
Renewable	
  Energy	
  is	
  Cost-­‐Effec7ve	
  
What	
  is	
  distributed	
  genera7on?	
  
What	
  is	
  distributed	
  genera7on?	
  



                                        Distribu7on	
  	
  
             Any	
  Size	
       or	
  Subtransmission	
  


             <	
  80	
  MW	
  
                                     Transmission	
  
Myth	
  1	
  
•  Distributed	
  genera7on	
  does	
  not	
  capture	
  
   economies	
  of	
  scale	
  
Economies	
  of	
  Scale:	
  Solar	
  PV	
  


                   Data	
  from	
  70,000	
  California	
  solar	
  PV	
  installa7ons	
  




Economies	
  of	
  Scale	
  are	
  Bullshit|	
  Energy	
  Self-­‐Reliant	
  States-­‐	
  h<p://)nyurl.com/68kaf96	
  
Economies	
  of	
  Scale:	
  Wind	
  




Economies	
  of	
  Scale	
  are	
  Bullshit|	
  Energy	
  Self-­‐Reliant	
  States-­‐	
  h<p://)nyurl.com/68kaf96	
  
Myth	
  2	
  
•  Distributed	
  genera7on	
  can’t	
  scale	
  up	
  quickly	
  
Distributed	
  Genera7on	
  Scales	
  Up	
  
Distributed	
  Genera7on	
  Scales	
  Up	
  


            2010:	
  
         7,400	
  MW	
  of	
  
           Solar	
  PV	
  
Distributed	
  Genera7on	
  Scales	
  Up	
  
Distributed	
  Genera7on	
  Scales	
  Up	
  




                                  Total	
  Capacity:	
  
                                   27,000	
  MW	
  
Myth	
  3	
  
•  Variable	
  distributed	
  genera7on	
  is	
  expensive	
  to	
  
   integrate	
  into	
  the	
  electric	
  grid	
  
Solving	
  Solar	
  Variability	
  with	
  	
  
                          More	
  Solar	
  




Solving	
  Solar's	
  Variability	
  with	
  More	
  Solar	
  |	
  Energy	
  Self-­‐Reliant	
  States	
  -­‐	
  h<p://)nyurl.com/65b5nyh	
  
Solving	
  Solar	
  Variability	
  




They	
  are	
  seeing	
  very	
  li<le	
  difference	
  in	
  the	
  
voltage	
  levels,	
  harmonics,	
  and	
  overall	
  power	
  
quality	
  between	
  the	
  different	
  scenarios.	
  

These	
  preliminary	
  results	
  suggest	
  that	
  u)li)es	
  
could	
  go	
  to	
  very	
  high	
  levels	
  of	
  PV	
  
penetra3on	
  in	
  localized	
  areas	
  without	
  
causing	
  problems	
  for	
  the	
  grid.	
  


    High	
  Penetra)on	
  of	
  PV	
  No	
  Issue	
  for	
  Kauian	
  Grid	
  |	
  Energy	
  Self-­‐Reliant	
  States	
  -­‐	
  h<p://)nyurl.com/6a3nnwb	
  
Opportuni7es	
  
•  Cost	
  reduc7ons	
  
•  Added	
  value	
  
•  Economic	
  benefits	
  
Opportuni7es	
  for	
  Cost	
  Reduc7ons	
  




    German	
  solar	
  market	
  2006	
  -­‐>	
  2010	
  grew	
  from	
  2.7	
  GW	
  -­‐>	
  16	
  GW	
  
Opportuni7es	
  for	
  Cost	
  Reduc7ons	
  
                                                                                               Solar	
  PV	
  
                                                                                               <	
  100	
  kW	
  
                                       $4.11	
  per	
  
                                         Wa/!	
  




    German	
  solar	
  market	
  2006	
  -­‐>	
  2010	
  grew	
  from	
  2.7	
  GW	
  -­‐>	
  16	
  GW	
  
Opportuni7es	
  for	
  Cost	
  Reduc7ons	
  
                                                       Solar	
  PV	
  
                                                       <	
  100	
  kW	
  
                    $3.70	
  per	
  
                      Wa/!	
  




          h<p://www.solarwirtscha].de/preisindex	
  
Opportuni7es	
  for	
  Cost	
  Reduc7ons	
  
Opportuni7es	
  for	
  Cost	
  Reduc7ons	
  




   Solar	
  PV	
  Balance	
  of	
  System	
  |	
  Rocky	
  Mountain	
  Ins)tute	
  -­‐	
  h<p://)nyurl.com/3dazuo8	
  
The	
  Value	
  of	
  Distributed	
  Solar	
  




                                  $5	
  
                               per	
  Wa[	
  




Distributed	
  Solar	
  Power	
  Worth	
  Far	
  More	
  Than	
  Electrons	
  |	
  Energy	
  Self-­‐Reliant	
  States	
  -­‐	
  h<p://)nyurl.com/3tqmerh	
  
The	
  Value	
  of	
  Distributed	
  Solar	
  




Distributed	
  Solar	
  Power	
  Worth	
  Far	
  More	
  Than	
  Electrons	
  |	
  Energy	
  Self-­‐Reliant	
  States	
  -­‐	
  h<p://)nyurl.com/3tqmerh	
  
The	
  Value	
  of	
  Distributed	
  Solar	
  




Distributed	
  Solar	
  Power	
  Worth	
  Far	
  More	
  Than	
  Electrons	
  |	
  Energy	
  Self-­‐Reliant	
  States	
  -­‐	
  h<p://)nyurl.com/3tqmerh	
  
Value	
  of	
  DG	
  Solar	
  PV	
  –	
  Palo	
  Alto	
  




                    CLEAN	
  Coali)on	
  Calcula)on	
  
Jobs	
  from	
  Renewable	
  Energy	
  




Pudng	
  Renewables	
  to	
  Work:	
  How	
  Many	
  Jobs	
  Can	
  the	
  Clean	
  Energy	
  Industry	
  Create?	
  (UC	
  Berkeley)	
  
Absentee	
  =	
  lost	
  opportunity	
  
•  Out	
  of	
  two	
  coun;es	
  
                in	
  Minnesota	
  we	
  
                export	
  about	
  $80	
  
                million	
  dollars	
  a	
  year	
  
                to	
  France,	
  Florida,	
  
                Italy,	
  Portugal,	
  Spain.	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  -­‐Dan	
  Juhl,	
  community	
  
                wind	
  developer	
  
Value	
  of	
  Local	
  Ownership	
  




NREL: Economic Development Impacts of Community Wind Projects: A Review and Empirical Evaluation
Value	
  of	
  Local	
  Ownership	
  




NREL: Economic Development Impacts of Community Wind Projects: A Review and Empirical Evaluation
Value	
  of	
  Local	
  Ownership	
  
Value	
  of	
  Local	
  Ownership	
  




   Economic	
  Impact	
  data	
  taken	
  from	
  Shining	
  Bright:	
  Growing	
  Solar	
  Jobs	
  in	
  Iowa
Distributed	
  Genera7on	
  is	
  Democra7c	
  
Roadblocks	
  
FERC’s	
  High-­‐Voltage	
  Gravy	
  Train	
  
FERC’s	
  High-­‐Voltage	
  Gravy	
  Train	
  
FERC’s	
  High-­‐Voltage	
  Tunnel	
  Vision	
  




    FERC's	
  High	
  Voltage	
  Gravy	
  Train	
  |	
  Energy	
  Self-­‐Reliant	
  States	
  -­‐	
  h<p://)nyurl.com/647brlu	
  
Policy	
  Ma[ers	
  
Policy	
  Ma[ers	
  
Policy	
  Ma[ers	
  



Monthly	
  cost	
  of	
  German	
  renewable	
  energy	
  program	
  
Policy	
  Ma[ers	
  



Monthly	
  cost	
  of	
  U.S.	
  renewable	
  energy	
  program	
  
Policy	
  Ma[ers	
  
                                                                                                                                                           Germany	
  
                                                                                                                                                             2009	
  

                                                                                                                                                                Germany	
  
                                                                                                                                                                  2011	
  




From	
  page	
  19	
  of	
  the	
  brilliant	
  report,	
  
	
  Tracking	
  the	
  Sun	
  III:	
  The	
  Installed	
  Cost	
  of	
  Photovoltaics	
  in	
  the	
  U.S.	
  from	
  1998-­‐2009	
  (large	
  pdf).	
  
Policy	
  Ma[ers	
  




Ontario's	
  Buy	
  Local	
  Renewable	
  Energy	
  Policy:	
  An	
  Update	
  |	
  Energy	
  Self-­‐Reliant	
  States	
  -­‐	
  h<p://)nyurl.com/3o4th8d	
  
Policy	
  Ma[ers:	
  State	
  Laws	
  
                           RPS Policies with Solar/DG Provisions
WA: double credit for DG                           www.dsireusa.org / April 2011

                                                                                                        NH: 0.3% solar-
                                                                                                          electric x 2014
 OR: 20 MW solar PV x 2020;                                                MI: triple credit for solar-
        double credit for PV
                                                                                                                               MA: 400 MW PV x 2020
                                                                                    electric
                                                                                                                              NY: 0.4788% customer-
                                                                                                                                  sited x 2015
                                                                                    OH: 0.5% solar-
NV: 1.5% solar x 2025;                   CO: 3.0% DG x 2020                          electric x 2025                           NJ: 5,316 GWh solar-
2.4 - 2.45 multiplier for PV          1.5% customer-sited x 2020                                                                   electric x 2026
                                                                           IL: 1.5% PV
                                                                              x 2025           WV: various                     PA: 0.5% PV x 2021
                       UT: 2.4 multiplier
                                                                                                multipliers
                        for solar-electric                                                                           DC	
  
                                                                                                                               DE: 3.5% PV x 2026;
                                                                MO: 0.3% solar-                                                    triple credit for PV
                  AZ: 4.5% DG x 2025                             electric x 2021        NC: 0.2% solar                         MD: 2% PV x 2022
                                                                                               x 2018
                               NM: 4% solar-electric x 2020                                                                    DC: 0.4% solar x 2020
                                     0.6% DG x 2020



                                             TX: double credit for non-wind
                                                 (non-wind goal: 500 MW)

                                                                                                                               16 states +
    Renewable portfolio standard with solar / distributed generation (DG) provision
                                                                                                                               DC have an RPS
                                                                                                                                with solar/DG
    Renewable portfolio goal with solar / distributed generation provision
                                                                                                                                 provisions
    Solar water heating counts toward solar provision
Policy	
  Ma[ers:	
  State	
  Laws	
  
A	
  Small	
  but	
  Growing	
  Market	
  




                                   Photo	
  credit:	
  CERTs	
  
Policy	
  Ma[ers:	
  Local	
  Rules	
  




 Poor	
  Solar	
  Permidng	
  Rules	
  Increase	
  Residen)al	
  Solar	
  Prices	
  	
  
 by	
  Up	
  To	
  20	
  Percent	
  |	
  Energy	
  Self-­‐Reliant	
  States	
  -­‐	
  h<p://)nyurl.com/5ts5b2k	
  
Policy	
  Ma[ers:	
  Local	
  Rules	
  




 Poor	
  Solar	
  Permidng	
  Rules	
  Increase	
  Residen)al	
  Solar	
  Prices	
  	
  
 by	
  Up	
  To	
  20	
  Percent	
  |	
  Energy	
  Self-­‐Reliant	
  States	
  -­‐	
  h<p://)nyurl.com/5ts5b2k	
  
It’s	
  Happening	
  Here	
  


               •    80	
  kilowa[s	
  PV	
  
               •    20	
  owners	
  
               •    Shares:	
  $3.15	
  /	
  Wa[	
  
               •    13-­‐year	
  payback	
  
               •    Carbondale,	
  CO	
  
Thank	
  you!	
  

John	
  Farrell	
  
•  energyselfreliantstates.org	
  
•  jfarrell@ilsr.org	
  
•  h[p://twi[er.com/johnffarrell	
  

Local Power, Local Control

  • 3.
    Who  We  Are   Energy Self-Reliant States @  the  Ins)tute  for  Local  Self-­‐Reliance    
  • 4.
    Overview   •  Why  renewable  energy?   •  Why  distributed  genera7on?   •  What’s  in  the  way?   •  What  breaks  the  roadblocks?  
  • 5.
    Renewable  Energy  is  Widespread   Energy  Self-­‐Reliant  States  
  • 6.
    Renewable  Energy  is  Widespread   Energy  Self-­‐Reliant  States  
  • 7.
    Renewable  Energy  is  Widespread   Energy  Self-­‐Reliant  States  
  • 8.
    Renewable  Energy  is  Cost-­‐Effec7ve  
  • 9.
    What  is  distributed  genera7on?  
  • 10.
    What  is  distributed  genera7on?   Distribu7on     Any  Size   or  Subtransmission   <  80  MW   Transmission  
  • 11.
    Myth  1   • Distributed  genera7on  does  not  capture   economies  of  scale  
  • 12.
    Economies  of  Scale:  Solar  PV   Data  from  70,000  California  solar  PV  installa7ons   Economies  of  Scale  are  Bullshit|  Energy  Self-­‐Reliant  States-­‐  h<p://)nyurl.com/68kaf96  
  • 13.
    Economies  of  Scale:  Wind   Economies  of  Scale  are  Bullshit|  Energy  Self-­‐Reliant  States-­‐  h<p://)nyurl.com/68kaf96  
  • 14.
    Myth  2   • Distributed  genera7on  can’t  scale  up  quickly  
  • 15.
  • 16.
    Distributed  Genera7on  Scales  Up   2010:   7,400  MW  of   Solar  PV  
  • 17.
  • 18.
    Distributed  Genera7on  Scales  Up   Total  Capacity:   27,000  MW  
  • 19.
    Myth  3   • Variable  distributed  genera7on  is  expensive  to   integrate  into  the  electric  grid  
  • 20.
    Solving  Solar  Variability  with     More  Solar   Solving  Solar's  Variability  with  More  Solar  |  Energy  Self-­‐Reliant  States  -­‐  h<p://)nyurl.com/65b5nyh  
  • 21.
    Solving  Solar  Variability   They  are  seeing  very  li<le  difference  in  the   voltage  levels,  harmonics,  and  overall  power   quality  between  the  different  scenarios.   These  preliminary  results  suggest  that  u)li)es   could  go  to  very  high  levels  of  PV   penetra3on  in  localized  areas  without   causing  problems  for  the  grid.   High  Penetra)on  of  PV  No  Issue  for  Kauian  Grid  |  Energy  Self-­‐Reliant  States  -­‐  h<p://)nyurl.com/6a3nnwb  
  • 22.
    Opportuni7es   •  Cost  reduc7ons   •  Added  value   •  Economic  benefits  
  • 23.
    Opportuni7es  for  Cost  Reduc7ons   German  solar  market  2006  -­‐>  2010  grew  from  2.7  GW  -­‐>  16  GW  
  • 24.
    Opportuni7es  for  Cost  Reduc7ons   Solar  PV   <  100  kW   $4.11  per   Wa/!   German  solar  market  2006  -­‐>  2010  grew  from  2.7  GW  -­‐>  16  GW  
  • 25.
    Opportuni7es  for  Cost  Reduc7ons   Solar  PV   <  100  kW   $3.70  per   Wa/!   h<p://www.solarwirtscha].de/preisindex  
  • 26.
  • 27.
    Opportuni7es  for  Cost  Reduc7ons   Solar  PV  Balance  of  System  |  Rocky  Mountain  Ins)tute  -­‐  h<p://)nyurl.com/3dazuo8  
  • 28.
    The  Value  of  Distributed  Solar   $5   per  Wa[   Distributed  Solar  Power  Worth  Far  More  Than  Electrons  |  Energy  Self-­‐Reliant  States  -­‐  h<p://)nyurl.com/3tqmerh  
  • 29.
    The  Value  of  Distributed  Solar   Distributed  Solar  Power  Worth  Far  More  Than  Electrons  |  Energy  Self-­‐Reliant  States  -­‐  h<p://)nyurl.com/3tqmerh  
  • 30.
    The  Value  of  Distributed  Solar   Distributed  Solar  Power  Worth  Far  More  Than  Electrons  |  Energy  Self-­‐Reliant  States  -­‐  h<p://)nyurl.com/3tqmerh  
  • 31.
    Value  of  DG  Solar  PV  –  Palo  Alto   CLEAN  Coali)on  Calcula)on  
  • 32.
    Jobs  from  Renewable  Energy   Pudng  Renewables  to  Work:  How  Many  Jobs  Can  the  Clean  Energy  Industry  Create?  (UC  Berkeley)  
  • 33.
    Absentee  =  lost  opportunity   •  Out  of  two  coun;es   in  Minnesota  we   export  about  $80   million  dollars  a  year   to  France,  Florida,   Italy,  Portugal,  Spain.            -­‐Dan  Juhl,  community   wind  developer  
  • 34.
    Value  of  Local  Ownership   NREL: Economic Development Impacts of Community Wind Projects: A Review and Empirical Evaluation
  • 35.
    Value  of  Local  Ownership   NREL: Economic Development Impacts of Community Wind Projects: A Review and Empirical Evaluation
  • 36.
    Value  of  Local  Ownership  
  • 37.
    Value  of  Local  Ownership   Economic  Impact  data  taken  from  Shining  Bright:  Growing  Solar  Jobs  in  Iowa
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
    FERC’s  High-­‐Voltage  Tunnel  Vision   FERC's  High  Voltage  Gravy  Train  |  Energy  Self-­‐Reliant  States  -­‐  h<p://)nyurl.com/647brlu  
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
    Policy  Ma[ers   Monthly  cost  of  German  renewable  energy  program  
  • 47.
    Policy  Ma[ers   Monthly  cost  of  U.S.  renewable  energy  program  
  • 48.
    Policy  Ma[ers   Germany   2009   Germany   2011   From  page  19  of  the  brilliant  report,    Tracking  the  Sun  III:  The  Installed  Cost  of  Photovoltaics  in  the  U.S.  from  1998-­‐2009  (large  pdf).  
  • 49.
    Policy  Ma[ers   Ontario's  Buy  Local  Renewable  Energy  Policy:  An  Update  |  Energy  Self-­‐Reliant  States  -­‐  h<p://)nyurl.com/3o4th8d  
  • 50.
    Policy  Ma[ers:  State  Laws   RPS Policies with Solar/DG Provisions WA: double credit for DG www.dsireusa.org / April 2011 NH: 0.3% solar- electric x 2014 OR: 20 MW solar PV x 2020; MI: triple credit for solar- double credit for PV MA: 400 MW PV x 2020 electric NY: 0.4788% customer- sited x 2015 OH: 0.5% solar- NV: 1.5% solar x 2025; CO: 3.0% DG x 2020 electric x 2025 NJ: 5,316 GWh solar- 2.4 - 2.45 multiplier for PV 1.5% customer-sited x 2020 electric x 2026 IL: 1.5% PV x 2025 WV: various PA: 0.5% PV x 2021 UT: 2.4 multiplier multipliers for solar-electric DC   DE: 3.5% PV x 2026; MO: 0.3% solar- triple credit for PV AZ: 4.5% DG x 2025 electric x 2021 NC: 0.2% solar MD: 2% PV x 2022 x 2018 NM: 4% solar-electric x 2020 DC: 0.4% solar x 2020 0.6% DG x 2020 TX: double credit for non-wind (non-wind goal: 500 MW) 16 states + Renewable portfolio standard with solar / distributed generation (DG) provision DC have an RPS with solar/DG Renewable portfolio goal with solar / distributed generation provision provisions Solar water heating counts toward solar provision
  • 51.
  • 52.
    A  Small  but  Growing  Market   Photo  credit:  CERTs  
  • 53.
    Policy  Ma[ers:  Local  Rules   Poor  Solar  Permidng  Rules  Increase  Residen)al  Solar  Prices     by  Up  To  20  Percent  |  Energy  Self-­‐Reliant  States  -­‐  h<p://)nyurl.com/5ts5b2k  
  • 54.
    Policy  Ma[ers:  Local  Rules   Poor  Solar  Permidng  Rules  Increase  Residen)al  Solar  Prices     by  Up  To  20  Percent  |  Energy  Self-­‐Reliant  States  -­‐  h<p://)nyurl.com/5ts5b2k  
  • 55.
    It’s  Happening  Here   •  80  kilowa[s  PV   •  20  owners   •  Shares:  $3.15  /  Wa[   •  13-­‐year  payback   •  Carbondale,  CO  
  • 56.
    Thank  you!   John  Farrell   •  energyselfreliantstates.org   •  [email protected]   •  h[p://twi[er.com/johnffarrell