3 1 water notes
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Living systems are composed of five main types of molecules: water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Water makes up 70-95% of living cells and is essential for life. Water molecules are made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom bonded together by covalent bonds. This gives water polarity and the ability to form hydrogen bonds between water molecules and other polar molecules. Hydrogen bonding is responsible for many unique properties of water that allow it to support life, such as surface tension and capillary action.
3 1 water notes
- 1. The Nature of MoleculesWater Notes
- 2. Big Ideas:Living Systems are made up of 5 types of moleculea. Waterb. Carbohydrates c. Lipids d. Proteinse. Nucleic AcidSugars/StarchesAll help to maintain HOMEOSTASISFatsDNA & RNA
- 3. 2. Organisms are made up of different arrangements of these molecules, giving all life a biochemical framework.
- 4. II. Inorganic vs. OrganicLiving systems can be categorized into inorganic and organic molecules. 1. INORGANIC: molecules containing 1 or no carbon atomsEx: H2O, CO2, NaCl
- 5. 2. ORGANIC:molecules containing 2 or more carbon atomsEx: hydrocarbons (fuels like methane), Carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
- 6. III. Chemistry of WaterEssentials:Most CELLS are surrounded by water and cells themselves are about 70-95% waterThe abundance of water is the major reason Earth is habitable and essential for all living things.
- 7. B. 6 Characteristics of WATER:Structure:Water contains 2 HYDROGEN atoms and 1 OXYGEN atomAttached by COVALENT bondsChemical Formula = H2OStructural Formula= O H H
- 8. 2. Polarity:What demo/activity demonstrated polarity?Water has slightly POSITIVE and NEGATIVE ends
- 9. Ex: Electrons in water molecules spend more time near the oxygen side than the hydrogen side, creating partially charged ends.
- 12. Lewis Structure of Water:Lone pairs of electrons(-)Covalent bond…shared electron between H and O(+)(+)
- 13. 3. Bond Type:What demo/activity demonstrated bonds in water molecules?Water is bonded together by COVALENT BONDS: which is the sharing of valence electronsTwo types of covalent bonds:Nonpolar Covalent: Share electrons EQUALLYeven distribution means no chargeEx:H2 Gas Cl2
- 14. b. Polar Covalent:Share electrons UNEQUALYcauses a negative charge at one end and a positive charge at the otherEx. H2O HCl
- 15. So…Why does water “stick” to itself and to other objects?Zero Gravity Water Balloons
- 16. 4. Creates Hydrogen Bonds:What demo/activity demonstrated hydrogen bonds?Water can bond with other WATER molecules or other POLAR molecules
- 17. Form hydrogen bonds: which are WEAK ATTRACTIONS between molecules. Hydrogen bonding is the cause of ADHESIONCOHESIONCAPILLARY ACTIONSURFACETENSION
- 18. Rule: Usually form between H, F, O, N**This property is what orders other molecules into a higher level of structural organization. Ex: Cell membrane, DNA, Proteins
- 20. 5. Relationship to other moleculesWhat activity/demo does this fit with?HYDROPHILLIC: Water lovingEx: Water molecules attract other polar molecules
- 21. HYDROPHOBIC: Water “fearing”Ex: water molecules repel non polar molecules – do not form hydrogen bonds
- 22. **Keep in mind that large molecules may have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties!
- 23. 6. Make Chemical Reactions Happen:Water is NEEDED for chemical reactions within the body
- 24. Most reactions take place in AQUEOUS solutions…”in water”Water is a UNIVERSAL SOLVENT and due to its polar properties it has the ability to break apart or combine moleculesa. Dehydration Synthesis: Loss of water molecule resulting in a combination of molecules.
- 25. b. Hydrolysis: Addition of a water molecule results in the breaking apart of molecules.