The document provides an analysis of grammar points and non-finite verbs (infinitives, -ing forms, and -ed participles) that will be covered in Module 2 on the Renaissance. It discusses the syntactic functions of non-finite verbs and provides examples of their use as attributes. It also analyzes typical exam questions related to non-finite verbs acting as attributes.
1. The document discusses various English verb tenses and their usage, including: the past tense, past continuous tense, present perfect tense, past perfect tense, future tense, future continuous tense, and future perfect tense.
2. Examples are provided to illustrate how to form sentences using these tenses based on their basic structures, negation forms, and question forms. Common time expressions that can be used with each tense are also listed.
3. Key concepts covered include using the past tense to talk about completed actions in the past, the present perfect tense to refer to experiences up until now, and the future tense to discuss plans and arrangements in the future.
This document discusses English relative clauses. It covers:
1. The functions and categories of relative pronouns like who, whom, that, which, whose, as, when, where, why.
2. Examples of using relative pronouns and adverbs correctly based on the antecedent.
3. Special cases involving relative pronouns followed by prepositions or replacing adverbial relative clauses.
This document discusses the components of simple sentences in Chinese. It states that a simple sentence contains a subject and a predicate. It then provides examples of different types of subjects and predicates. The document also briefly introduces compound sentences and complex sentences.
This document provides guidance on how to learn English grammar well. It discusses 1) paying attention in class, 2) using textbooks and grammar books, 3) identifying grammar through reading, 4) doing practice exercises, 5) being aware of differences between English and Chinese grammar, and 6) learning grammar like a native language without overthinking it. Common grammar issues like tense, subject-verb agreement, and non-continuing verbs are also explained.
The document discusses several topics related to subject-verb agreement in English, including:
1) Guiding principles of grammatical concord, notional concord, and proximity.
2) Problems of concord with nouns ending in "-s" such as disease names and some geographical names.
3) Problems of concord with collective nouns as subjects depending on whether they refer to a group or individuals.
The document discusses English grammar, specifically conditional sentences using the subjunctive mood. It provides examples of different types of subjunctive constructions, including be-type, were-type, and conditional subjunctives. It examines subjunctive uses involving time frames that are contrary to past, present, or future facts. Key points include structures using "should" + verb, "wish", and conditional sentences introduced by "if" or "but for".
The document discusses various types of inverted sentence structures in Chinese. Some of the main points covered include:
- Adverb-led sentences where adverbs like "now", "then", "here", etc. are placed at the beginning require subject-verb inversion.
- Prepositional phrases indicating location at the start of a sentence also require inversion, such as "Under the tree stood...".
- Sentences with strong emphatic elements like "Present at the meeting" or "Gone are the days" at the beginning are also inverted.
- Conditional sentences using "had", "should" or omitting "if" in front invert the main clause.
The document discusses various ways to express time, condition, cause, reason, result and purpose in English. It provides examples of how to indicate things happening before, during or after other events using phrases like "before", "prior to", "after", "while" etc. It also discusses expressing simultaneous events, conditions with qualifiers like "whatever", "whoever", reasons using "because", "since", and results using phrases such as "as a result", "consequence of", "outcome".
This document discusses non-predicate verbs in Chinese including infinitives, gerunds, and participles. It provides examples of how each are used as subjects, objects, attributes, predicates, adverbials, and object complements. It also compares the differences between infinitives and gerunds. Key points include how infinitives and gerunds can be used as subjects, objects, attributes, and adverbials as well as the differences between their meanings.
This document discusses English verb tenses and their usage. It begins by explaining the differences between how Chinese and English express time through verbs. In English, verbs change form to indicate tense, while in Chinese additional words are used. It then provides details on the forms and usage of various English verb tenses, including present simple, present continuous, past simple, future, and perfect tenses. Examples are given to illustrate how the verb form changes but the meaning stays the same depending on the tense. Key points like conjugations, exceptions, and common uses of each tense are outlined.
The document discusses appositives in Chinese. It defines two types of appositives - restrictive and non-restrictive. It provides examples of using nouns, pronouns, numbers, adjectives, and clauses as appositives. It also compares appositive clauses to restrictive clauses, noting that appositive clauses further explain the noun preceding them while restrictive clauses limit or modify the preceding noun.
This document provides guidance on some key points to pay attention to regarding relative clauses and emphatic sentences in English. For relative clauses, it lists things like using relative pronouns properly, avoiding repetition, using prepositions correctly, subject-verb agreement, and distinguishing relative clauses from attributive clauses. For emphatic sentences, it discusses using "is/was", subject and object case for emphatic pronouns, subject-verb agreement, sentences with "not until", emphatic questions, and identifying emphatic sentences. The document then provides 30 exercises for students to practice these concepts.
This document provides examples and explanations of adverbial clauses of time in English. It includes multiple choice questions testing understanding of when adverbial clauses are used with different tenses, as well as exercises requiring students to identify and correct errors involving time expressions. Overall, the document covers the appropriate use of tense and time expressions in adverbial clauses introduced by time connectives like when, until, before, after, etc.
The document discusses subject-verb agreement principles in Chinese grammar. It covers four main aspects: pronouns as subjects, numerals and quantifiers as subjects, nouns as subjects, and exercises. For pronouns, the verb form depends on the pronoun type and whether it is alone or in a clause. For numerals and quantifiers, the verb is usually singular if the subject is a singular noun phrase. Proper nouns and other nouns typically take singular verbs. There are also notes on collective nouns and exceptions.
The document discusses subject-verb agreement principles in Chinese grammar. It covers four main aspects: pronouns as subjects, numerals and quantifiers as subjects, nouns as subjects, and exercises. For pronouns, the verb form depends on the pronoun type and whether it is alone or in a clause. For numerals and quantifiers, the verb is usually singular if the subject is a singular noun phrase. Proper nouns and other nouns typically take singular verbs. There are also notes on collective nouns and exceptions.
This document discusses different types of connectors used in English to link ideas, including time connectors like "while" and "as", condition connectors like "unless" and "even if", contrast connectors like "although" and "despite", and reason/purpose connectors like "because", "so that", and "therefore". It provides examples for each type of connector to illustrate their meanings and proper usage.
1. The document introduces conditional clauses introduced by "if". It discusses the meaning of "if", the types of clauses it can introduce (conditional clauses), and the tense requirements in the if-clause.
2. It provides examples of if-clauses and examines the tense used in the if-clause and main clause. If the main clause is in the present or future, the if-clause is usually in the present.
3. It distinguishes if-clauses from object clauses, noting that if-clauses express conditions while object clauses complete the meaning of the verb.
1. The document introduces conditional clauses introduced by "if". It discusses the meaning of "if", the types of clauses it can introduce (conditional clauses), and the tense requirements in the if-clause.
2. It provides examples of if-clauses and discusses the position and tense patterns of if-clauses. If the main clause is in the present or future tense, the if-clause is usually in the present tense.
3. Key points covered include the meaning of "if" ("whether"), the types of clauses it introduces, and tense requirements in if-clauses depending on the tense of the main clause.
The document discusses defining relative clauses and how to read them. It defines a relative clause as using a sentence as an adjective. It classifies relative clauses as restrictive or non-restrictive, with the main differences being the scope of modification and what is modified. It recommends using a separate translation method where the relative clause is translated after posing a question about the noun it modifies.
This document summarizes and analyzes changes to the English test in the 2010 Beijing college entrance exam (gaokao). It discusses two new question types:
1) Listening comprehension added "information extraction" questions that require understanding a dialogue and filling in a table comparing two topics, going beyond just choosing answers.
2) Reading comprehension added "gap fill" questions that require selecting the correct sentences from options to fill gaps in an incomplete passage, assessing ability to grasp overall logic and structure.
The document argues these changes require higher-order thinking skills like analyzing, summarizing and logically connecting information rather than just passive comprehension. Test-takers must strengthen these abilities to adapt to the increased demands of the new
This document provides information and examples to help with key word transformation exercises for the Cambridge English: First exam. It begins by outlining the steps to complete keyword transformations and the types of grammatical structures that may be required, including passive forms, conditionals, reported speech, phrasal verbs, and more. Various chapters then provide lists and examples of different grammatical structures and vocabulary that commonly appear in keyword transformations, such as speculative language, time expressions, conditionals, verb patterns, idioms, and set phrases. Practice exercises are included at the end to help students apply what they've learned.
The document discusses different types of conjunctions in English including coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions connect grammatically equal elements in a sentence and include and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet. Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses and include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, until, when, where. Correlative conjunctions occur in pairs to join similar parts of a sentence like both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, as...as. The document provides examples of how each type of conjunction is used in sentences.
This document provides a handout on conjunctions with examples of sentences using different types of conjunctions such as coordinate, subordinate, and prepositions. It contains 4 sections with 10 questions each asking the reader to identify the appropriate conjunction or preposition based on the meaning and structure of sentences. The handout is intended to help students practice identifying and using different types of conjunctions correctly in sentences.
The document discusses various ways to express time, condition, cause, reason, result and purpose in English. It provides examples of how to indicate things happening before, during or after other events using phrases like "before", "prior to", "after", "while" etc. It also discusses expressing simultaneous events, conditions with qualifiers like "whatever", "whoever", reasons using "because", "since", and results using phrases such as "as a result", "consequence of", "outcome".
This document discusses non-predicate verbs in Chinese including infinitives, gerunds, and participles. It provides examples of how each are used as subjects, objects, attributes, predicates, adverbials, and object complements. It also compares the differences between infinitives and gerunds. Key points include how infinitives and gerunds can be used as subjects, objects, attributes, and adverbials as well as the differences between their meanings.
This document discusses English verb tenses and their usage. It begins by explaining the differences between how Chinese and English express time through verbs. In English, verbs change form to indicate tense, while in Chinese additional words are used. It then provides details on the forms and usage of various English verb tenses, including present simple, present continuous, past simple, future, and perfect tenses. Examples are given to illustrate how the verb form changes but the meaning stays the same depending on the tense. Key points like conjugations, exceptions, and common uses of each tense are outlined.
The document discusses appositives in Chinese. It defines two types of appositives - restrictive and non-restrictive. It provides examples of using nouns, pronouns, numbers, adjectives, and clauses as appositives. It also compares appositive clauses to restrictive clauses, noting that appositive clauses further explain the noun preceding them while restrictive clauses limit or modify the preceding noun.
This document provides guidance on some key points to pay attention to regarding relative clauses and emphatic sentences in English. For relative clauses, it lists things like using relative pronouns properly, avoiding repetition, using prepositions correctly, subject-verb agreement, and distinguishing relative clauses from attributive clauses. For emphatic sentences, it discusses using "is/was", subject and object case for emphatic pronouns, subject-verb agreement, sentences with "not until", emphatic questions, and identifying emphatic sentences. The document then provides 30 exercises for students to practice these concepts.
This document provides examples and explanations of adverbial clauses of time in English. It includes multiple choice questions testing understanding of when adverbial clauses are used with different tenses, as well as exercises requiring students to identify and correct errors involving time expressions. Overall, the document covers the appropriate use of tense and time expressions in adverbial clauses introduced by time connectives like when, until, before, after, etc.
The document discusses subject-verb agreement principles in Chinese grammar. It covers four main aspects: pronouns as subjects, numerals and quantifiers as subjects, nouns as subjects, and exercises. For pronouns, the verb form depends on the pronoun type and whether it is alone or in a clause. For numerals and quantifiers, the verb is usually singular if the subject is a singular noun phrase. Proper nouns and other nouns typically take singular verbs. There are also notes on collective nouns and exceptions.
The document discusses subject-verb agreement principles in Chinese grammar. It covers four main aspects: pronouns as subjects, numerals and quantifiers as subjects, nouns as subjects, and exercises. For pronouns, the verb form depends on the pronoun type and whether it is alone or in a clause. For numerals and quantifiers, the verb is usually singular if the subject is a singular noun phrase. Proper nouns and other nouns typically take singular verbs. There are also notes on collective nouns and exceptions.
This document discusses different types of connectors used in English to link ideas, including time connectors like "while" and "as", condition connectors like "unless" and "even if", contrast connectors like "although" and "despite", and reason/purpose connectors like "because", "so that", and "therefore". It provides examples for each type of connector to illustrate their meanings and proper usage.
1. The document introduces conditional clauses introduced by "if". It discusses the meaning of "if", the types of clauses it can introduce (conditional clauses), and the tense requirements in the if-clause.
2. It provides examples of if-clauses and examines the tense used in the if-clause and main clause. If the main clause is in the present or future, the if-clause is usually in the present.
3. It distinguishes if-clauses from object clauses, noting that if-clauses express conditions while object clauses complete the meaning of the verb.
1. The document introduces conditional clauses introduced by "if". It discusses the meaning of "if", the types of clauses it can introduce (conditional clauses), and the tense requirements in the if-clause.
2. It provides examples of if-clauses and discusses the position and tense patterns of if-clauses. If the main clause is in the present or future tense, the if-clause is usually in the present tense.
3. Key points covered include the meaning of "if" ("whether"), the types of clauses it introduces, and tense requirements in if-clauses depending on the tense of the main clause.
The document discusses defining relative clauses and how to read them. It defines a relative clause as using a sentence as an adjective. It classifies relative clauses as restrictive or non-restrictive, with the main differences being the scope of modification and what is modified. It recommends using a separate translation method where the relative clause is translated after posing a question about the noun it modifies.
This document summarizes and analyzes changes to the English test in the 2010 Beijing college entrance exam (gaokao). It discusses two new question types:
1) Listening comprehension added "information extraction" questions that require understanding a dialogue and filling in a table comparing two topics, going beyond just choosing answers.
2) Reading comprehension added "gap fill" questions that require selecting the correct sentences from options to fill gaps in an incomplete passage, assessing ability to grasp overall logic and structure.
The document argues these changes require higher-order thinking skills like analyzing, summarizing and logically connecting information rather than just passive comprehension. Test-takers must strengthen these abilities to adapt to the increased demands of the new
This document provides information and examples to help with key word transformation exercises for the Cambridge English: First exam. It begins by outlining the steps to complete keyword transformations and the types of grammatical structures that may be required, including passive forms, conditionals, reported speech, phrasal verbs, and more. Various chapters then provide lists and examples of different grammatical structures and vocabulary that commonly appear in keyword transformations, such as speculative language, time expressions, conditionals, verb patterns, idioms, and set phrases. Practice exercises are included at the end to help students apply what they've learned.
The document discusses different types of conjunctions in English including coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions connect grammatically equal elements in a sentence and include and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet. Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses and include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, until, when, where. Correlative conjunctions occur in pairs to join similar parts of a sentence like both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, as...as. The document provides examples of how each type of conjunction is used in sentences.
This document provides a handout on conjunctions with examples of sentences using different types of conjunctions such as coordinate, subordinate, and prepositions. It contains 4 sections with 10 questions each asking the reader to identify the appropriate conjunction or preposition based on the meaning and structure of sentences. The handout is intended to help students practice identifying and using different types of conjunctions correctly in sentences.
This document provides an overview of MPEG Immersive Video (MIV) including:
- MIV enables 6 degrees of freedom immersive video playback through compression of multi-view or multi-plane video, geometry, and texture.
- It specifies a bitstream format that leverages existing 2D video codecs for storage and distribution of immersive video over networks.
- The MIV test model includes an encoder, conforming decoder, and renderer to experiment with different MIV configurations.
- The document analyzes the impact of GOP size on video quality when encoding with H.264 and HEVC.
- Testing was done on various content types including animation, entertainment, sports, and office videos across GOP sizes from 0.5 to 20 seconds.
- Results showed that smaller GOP sizes under 2 seconds significantly degraded video quality, especially for office content. Larger GOP sizes of 3 seconds or more showed minimal quality differences.
- HEVC proved more resilient to quality issues from small GOP sizes compared to H.264, with a maximum delta of 4.29 for HEVC vs 6.13 for H.264.
Variable-length codes can be used to encode letters or symbols using codewords of varying lengths. The document reviews mathematical basics relevant to analyzing source coding and data compression, including:
1. Discrete random variables and processes can be used to model information sources as sequences of random outcomes.
2. Probability theory provides the framework for characterizing information sources and measuring the performance of compression systems using statistical averages.
3. Stationary discrete Markov processes are a simple model for investigating coding of sources with memory, defined by their conditional probability distributions.
Prime Video streams content to millions of customers worldwide while optimizing for reliability, quality, and cost. It uses several AWS services like Elemental MediaConnect, MediaLive, and MediaPackage to deliver video across regions. Observability of critical metrics like availability, performance, quality, and cost is key to management. Reliability is ensured by working backwards from service level agreements of individual components. Cost optimization is achieved by developing metrics, measuring current performance, identifying levers to reduce costs, modeling changes, and implementing improvements. Security covers network, transport and content layers. Sustainability is emphasized through initiatives like using 100% renewable energy by 2025.
The document presents CODA, a content-aware frame dropping algorithm for high frame-rate video streaming. CODA extracts spatial and temporal features from video frames and uses these features to predict an optimized variable framerate for different target bitrates. It was evaluated on several test videos and was shown to improve compression efficiency and reduce encoding time compared to encoding at the original fixed framerate. CODA could help improve performance of high frame-rate video streaming applications. The authors conclude it requires fewer bits than default encoding to maintain quality and reduces overall encoding time.
This document summarizes Daniel Stenberg's presentation on HTTP/3 and QUIC. Some key points include:
- HTTP/3 uses the QUIC transport protocol over UDP to enable faster handshakes, earlier data transmission, and independent streams.
- QUIC improves on TCP by eliminating head-of-line blocking and supporting faster connection establishment through 0-RTT handshakes.
- While HTTP/3 is similar to HTTP/2, it runs over QUIC rather than TCP, allowing improvements like multiplexed streams that are not blocked by each other.
- There are still challenges to widespread HTTP/3 adoption like CPU overhead and lack of support in some browsers and servers, but it promises performance benefits
FFmpeg is a free and open-source multimedia framework used in many popular applications like VLC and YouTube. It has over 1 million lines of code contributed by over 1000 developers. FFmpeg provides command line tools and libraries for encoding, decoding, transcoding, streaming and playing back many popular multimedia formats. It supports formats like MP4, AVI, MPEG-TS, H.264, AAC, Vorbis and many more audio/video codecs. FFmpeg is under the LGPL license and focuses on providing multimedia functionality through libraries rather than developing products.
15 Benefits of Data Analytics in Business Growth.pdfAffinityCore
Explore how data analytics boosts business growth with insights that improve decision-making, customer targeting, operations, and long-term profitability.
Mastering Data Science: Unlocking Insights and Opportunities at Yale IT Skill...smrithimuralidas
The Data Science Course at Yale IT Skill Hub in Coimbatore provides in-depth training in data analysis, machine learning, and AI using Python, R, SQL, and tools like Tableau. Ideal for beginners and professionals, it covers data wrangling, visualization, and predictive modeling through hands-on projects and real-world case studies. With expert-led sessions, flexible schedules, and 100% placement support, this course equips learners with skills for Coimbatore’s booming tech industry. Earn a globally recognized certification to excel in data-driven roles. The Data Analytics Course at Yale IT Skill Hub in Coimbatore offers comprehensive training in data visualization, statistical analysis, and predictive modeling using tools like Power BI, Tableau, Python, and R. Designed for beginners and professionals, it features hands-on projects, expert-led sessions, and real-world case studies tailored to industries like IT and manufacturing. With flexible schedules, 100% placement support, and globally recognized certification, this course equips learners to excel in Coimbatore’s growing data-driven job market.
The final presentation of our time series forecasting project in the "Data Science for Society and Business" Master's program at Constructor University Bremen
Ever wondered how to inject your dashboards with the power of Python? This presentation will show how combining Tableau with Python can unlock advanced analytics, predictive modeling, and automation that’ll make your dashboards not just smarter—but practically psychic
Understanding Tree Data Structure and Its ApplicationsM Munim
A Tree Data Structure is a widely used hierarchical model that represents data in a parent-child relationship. It starts with a root node and branches out to child nodes, forming a tree-like shape. Each node can have multiple children but only one parent, except for the root which has none. Trees are efficient for organizing and managing data, especially when quick searching, inserting, or deleting is needed. Common types include **binary trees**, **binary search trees (BST)**, **heaps**, and **tries**. A binary tree allows each node to have up to two children, while a BST maintains sorted order for fast lookup. Trees are used in various applications like file systems, databases, compilers, and artificial intelligence. Traversal techniques such as preorder, inorder, postorder, and level-order help in visiting all nodes systematically. Trees are fundamental to many algorithms and are essential for solving complex computational problems efficiently.
The final presentation of our time series forecasting project for the "Data Science for Society and Business" Master's program at Constructor University Bremen
PSUG 7 - 2025-06-03 - David Bianco on Splunk SURGeTomas Moser
Meet David Bianco, Staff Strategist with Splunk’s elite SURGe team, live in Prague. Get ready for an engaging deep dive into the cutting edge of cybersecurity—straight from the experts driving Splunk’s global security research.
3. 3
1. After the war, a new school building was put up
where there had once been a theatre.
2. When I was walking down the street, I came across
an old friend of mine.
3. I was absent from the meeting because I was sick.
4. I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me.
状语从句的类型
地点状从
时间状从
原因状从
目的状从
4. 4
5. Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe
in him.
6. As long as you don’t lose heart, you will succeed.
7. The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own
grandson.
8. He is unhappy, though he has a lot of money.
状语从句的类型
结果状从
条件状从
方式状从
让步状从
5. 5
状语从句的连接词(Group 1)
时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 结果状语从句
目的状语从句 方式状语从句 条件状语从句 让步状语从句
when
until
before
since
where because
as if
unless
although
though
wh-ever
6. up to the point in time or the event mentioned
与until+时间连用的动词强调是 的
• Cook until the fruit is soft.
• You may stay with us until the rain stops.
7. 7
• You may stay with us until the rain stops.
• Keep your seat belt fastened until the plane comes
to a complete stop.
• If you are involved in an accident, you are required
to remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.
8. 8
• I will not make any decision until I know all the facts.
• He won’t start the movie until everyone arrives.
• I didn’t understand until he explained it to me.
9. 9
1. earlier than the time when… 在... 之前
• Leave your keys at reception before you leave
the hotel.
• Fasten your seat belt before you start you car.
11. 11
2. used to say sth happen after a period of time
过…之后,才…
• We had sailed four days and four nights before we
saw land.
• It was several minutes before we realized what was
happening.
12. 12
3. 还没等…就…
• He rushed out before I could stop him.
• The telephone rang before he could get any further.
13. 13
1. It is/will be +一段时间+before…:
• It will be a while before we know the results.
• It will be a week before we go on vacation.
2. It won’t be long before…:
• It won’t be long before we know the results.
• It won’t be long before we meet again.
过…之后才…
用不了多久就…
14. from a time in the past until now
• She has worked here since she left school.
• She has been working here since she left school.
重点关注
15. 15
from a time in the past until now
• Tina’s grades ______________ (improve) greatly
since she ______ (study) with Ms. Green.
• I ____________ (hear) a lot of good things about you
since I _______ (come) back from abroad.
关注since引导时间状从时主句和从句的 特点
have improved
studied
have heard
came
16. 16
时间状语从句跟进练习
1. She has been working in this factory _______ she left school.
2. He was about to give up ______ he received the letter from his
teacher.
3. He rushed out of the room _______ I could stop him.
4. He didn’t leave the classroom _____ he finished all his homework.
6. The students went out __________ the bell rang.
8. He was listening to the music ________ I went in.
since
when
before
until
before/ after
when
17. 17
条件状语从句常用连接词
if; unless=if not
• You’ll miss the train ________ you hurry up.
• You’ll miss the train ________ you don’t hurry up.
• ______ my mother is free, she will take me to the park
• You’ll never know the truth _______ you go out and look
for it yourself.
unless
if
If
unless
18. 18
让步状语从句常用连接词
although/ though, wh-ever (无论,不管)
• _________expensive it may be, I’ll take it.
• Don’t let them in, _________ they are.
• _______________ the coral looks hard, it is very delicate.
However
whoever
Although/Though
20. 20
状语从句综合练习
1. You should make it a rule to leave things _______________
you can find them again.
2. She decided to take the exploration by herself, _____________
she knew that it was dangerous.
3. ___________ you had paid more attention to your study, you
would have passed the exam.
4. We need to get to the root of the problem ___________ we can
solve it.
5. You won’t get paid ________ you finish all the work perfectly.
though/although
where
If
before
unless
21. 21
状语从句综合练习
6. I finished the task early _______ you instructed.
7. Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year _______ he came
here.
8. ______ you do not learn to think when you are young, you
may never learn.
9. Victory won’t come to us _______ we go to it.
10. I found my books ________ I had left them.
where
If
before
as
unless
22. 22
状语从句的连接词(Group 2)
时间状语从句 地点状语从句
原因状语从句 结果状语从句
• while/ as
• no sooner…than.../ hardly…when…
• as soon as
• the moment/ the minute/ the instant/
immediately/directly/once
• now that
• as
• since
• so/such… that
23. 23
状语从句的连接词(Group 2)
目的状语从句 方式状语从句
条件状语从句 让步状语从句
• so that/in order that
• for fear that
• in case
• as if/as though
• so/as long as
• on condition that
• while
• even though/even if
• no matter wh-
• whether…or…
24. 24
• while “在…期间”
• 从句中必须使用 动词
• He picked up French while he worked in Paris.
时间状语从句:while
25. 25
时间状语从句:as
• “一边…一边…”
He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
• “随着”
• As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and
warmer.
• As time went by, I came to understand the
importance of hard work.
26. 26
时间状语从句:“一…就…”的不同表达方式
• The thief was caught as soon as he arrived in Dalian.
• The boy burst into tears the moment he saw his mother.
• I had hardly got home when it began to rain. 我一到家天就下起
雨来。
• We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left. 我们
一到车站,火车就离站了。
• I’ll telephone you immediately I get home.
• Once you begin to do something, you must carry on with it.
27. 27
原因状语从句
u as 表示间接原因, 语气较弱,对方已经知晓或无需说明
• As it is raining, you’d better stay at home.
u since 众所周知的原因,“既然”= now that
• Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
• Now that you’ve got the chance, you should make full use
of it.
28. 28
结果状语从句
so/such... that
• Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in
him.
• Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.
29. 29
目的状语从句
• I’ll speak slowly so that you can follow me.
(以便,为了)
• I’ll speak slowly for fear that you cannot follow me.
(唯恐,生怕)
• You’d better take the keys in case I’m out.
(以防,万一)
30. 30
方式状语从句
as if/as though 好像,仿佛
• The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
• He heard a noise, as though someone was breathing.
31. 31
条件状语从句
• As long as you work hard, you can make progress.
(只要)
• I can lend my computer to you on condition that you
can take care of it. (在... 条件下,条件是)
32. 32
让步状语从句
• While the coral looks hard, it is very delicate. (=though/
although)
• Even though it was raining hard, they went on playing
football. (即使)
• No matter what may happen, I will not change my plan.
(无论,不管)
• Conservation is an issue which gets a lot of attention these
days, whether it means preserving old buildings, or
protecting the environment. (不管是…还是…)