3D PRINTING OF PHARMACEUTICALS

3D PRINTING OF PHARMACEUTICALS

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  Seminar on 3DPRINTINGOFPHARMACEUTICALS Pr esented by SAYED SHAKIL AHMED UNDER GUIDENCE OF; Prof. Dr. SHANKRAYYA M M. Pharm , Ph. D Dept. of Pharmaceutics 1
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  Contents What is 3DPrinting ?  How it works ?  3D Printing versus traditional printing  Workflow  Methods & Technologies Advantages and Disadvantages Applications  Industry Growth  Challenges 2
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  What is 3DPrinting ?  It was first developed by Charls Haul in 1984.  3D printing or additive manufacturing is a process of making three dimensional solid objects from a digital file.  The creation of a 3D printed object is achieved using additive processes.  In an additive process an object is created by laying down successive layers of material until the entire object is created.  It is also called as RAPID PROTOTYPING. 3
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  How it works?  A virtual design of the object is created.  CAD (Computer Aided Design) uses a 3D modeling program or 3D scanner for virtual design.  The software slices the final model into hundreds or thousands of horizontal layers.  The printer creates the object layer by layer, resulting in one three dimensional object. 4
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  3D Printing versustraditional printing 5
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  Methods & Technologies Several ways to realize 3D objects –  Selective laser sintering (SLS) : Uses a high power laser to fuse input materials like plastic, metal, glass, etc. It scans the powdered material layer by layer.  Fused deposition modelling (FDM) : Uses a plastic filament or metal wire as input material to an extrusion nozzle. The nozzle is heated to melt the material and can be moved in both horizontal and vertical directions by CAM. The material hardens immediately after extrusion from the nozzle.  Stereolithography (SLA): Photopolymerization is used to produce a solid part from a liquid. This technology employs a vat of liquid ultraviolet curable photopolymer resin and an ultraviolet laser to build the object’s layers one at a time. UV Laser solidifying the pattern. 7
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  Advantages  High productionrates due to its fast opening systems.  3D saves time and cost.  Clean process, Reduction of material wastage which can save in the cost of production.  Customization: A major advantage in 3D printing. With just a raw material, a blue print & a 3D printer, one can print any design no matter how complex it might be.  Constant prototyping & Increased productivity: It enables quick production with high number of prototypes or small scale versions.  Better communication between the designer & user. 8
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  Disadvantages  High machinarycost.  Unsuitability to very large product.  Difficult to remove or install manually.  Mechanical issues.  Component do not have enough strength.  Limited raw materials.  Production of dangerous items. 9
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  Applications 10
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  Industry Growth  Willchange the nature of commerce, because end users will be able to do much of their own manufacturing rather than engaging in trade to buy products from other people and corporations.  3D printing will change the manufacturing world with effects on energy use, waste reduction, customization, product availability, medicine, art, construction and sciences. 11
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  Challenges  Cost:June 2011– The current cost for a personal printer is $1200. The cheapest Commercial printer can be commissioned at $30,000  Inability to easily print in multiple materials on the same machine: Particularly plastic, metal and conductive materials. The colours are a touch dull and matt finish only.  A decent standard for model designs: The current standard STL files have some limitations. July 2011 – A new standard has been proposed – the AMF file format, but at this stage it is not well known or well used.  Speed: Printing is slow. It takes a long time to build even the smallest piece. Most videos you see are sped up or cut so you are not sitting there for an hour while you build a tap washer. Aug 2011 – The Ultimaker is able to print much faster than Makerbot now. 12
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