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4.2.exploration causation and events a1AP History
The document discusses the expansion of European maritime exploration in the 15th-16th centuries, with a focus on Portugal's early leadership in the field. Portugal took the lead in exploring Africa's west coast and sending voyages to reach India and China in search of trade routes. Explorers like Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama made important discoveries for Portugal. Meanwhile, Spain began exploring westward across the Atlantic and established colonies in the Americas. Both countries built large overseas empires through exploration and colonization during this era of mercantilism and competition for trade routes.
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Repetitive mention of Europeans searching for new trade routes, indicating a significant historical pivot in exploration.
Discussion on the crucial roles played by various states in facilitating maritime exploration efforts.
Exploration of mercantilism and its influence on trading practices and state policies during maritime expansion.
Detailed overview of Portugal's early dominance in maritime exploration, including key explorations and figures.
Portugal's expansion into East Asia and the role of missionaries in spreading Catholicism amid resistance.
Formation of the Portuguese trading post empire, highlighting key locations such as Goa and Malacca.
Transition period detailing Portugal's decline in maritime dominance and the rise of competing powers.
Spain's maritime exploration efforts contrasted with Portugal's routes, emphasizing its westward expansion.The influence of the Muslim Empire on Spanish development and the transition to Christianity post-surrender.
In-depth exploration of Columbus, his navigation claims, and the consequential Treaty of Tordesillas.
Growth of Spanish and Portuguese empires in the Americas, highlighting conquests and their implications.
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4.2.exploration causation and events a1AP History
- 4. Europeans search fornew trade routes.
- 5. Europeans search fornew trade routes.
- 6. Europeans search fornew trade routes.
- 7. Europeans search fornew trade routes.
- 8. Europeans search fornew trade routes.
- 9. Europeans search fornew trade routes.
- 10. The Roles ofStates in Maritime Exploration
- 11. The Roles ofStates in Maritime Exploration
- 12. The Roles ofStates in Maritime Exploration
- 13. The Roles ofStates in Maritime Exploration
- 14. The Roles ofStates in Maritime Exploration
- 15. The Roles ofStates in Maritime Exploration
- 16.
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- 22. The Expansion ofEuropean Maritime Exploration
- 23. Portugal takes thelead.
- 25. Mehmet II: 1444--1481 (“TheConqueror”) In 1453, Mehmet II, the Ottomans, took the city of Constantinople, ending the Roman Empire in the East (Byzantine Empire).
- 26. Venice takes overmost of the trade routes of the small Empire in 1265 * Istambul The Ottomans now controlled and closed international trade to Europe, which the Italian City-States monopolized.
- 27. Motives for Portugal “Gold,glory , and God!” 1. God convert people to Christianity called missionaries. 2. Glory fame, adventure, fun and danger. 3. Gold trade, spices, tea; by-pass Ottomans to get to China. Portugal takes the lead.
- 28. A Map ofthe KnownWorld 1480Portugal takes the lead.
- 29. Portugal takes thelead.
- 30. Portugal takes thelead.
- 31. Prince Henry, theNavigator 1394-1460 Developed ships to trade, destroy pirates, and search for African gold. Portugal takes the lead.
- 32.
- 34. Portuguese Maritime Empire 1.Exploring the west coast of Africa. 2. Bartolommeo Dias, 1487 Cape of Good Hope. 3. Vasco da Gama, 1498. Calicut India. 4. AdmiralAlfonso deAlbuquerque, Macau 1511 to Spice Islands. Portugal takes the lead.
- 35. Portugal takes thelead.
- 36. Ottoman Empire Portugal Bartolomeo Dias 1487 Vascoda Gama, 1498 Alfonso de Albuquerque 1511 Portugal takes the lead.
- 37. • The goldrich Kingdom of Mali dominated the Saharan trade routes.
- 42. Portugal takes thelead.
- 43. • Vasco daGama arrived in Calcutta in 1498. Portugal takes the lead.
- 44. He filled hisships with spices. Portugal takes the lead.
- 45. • He returnedto Portugal and made a profit of several thousand percent! Portugal takes the lead.
- 46. • The Portugueseconquered Goa (India) and used it as a major port. Portugal takes the lead.
- 47. • In 1510,Afonso de Albuquerque captured Goa when Indian merchants resisted Portuguese policies. Portugal takes the lead.
- 49. • Admiral Alfonzode Albuquerque claimed Malacca, Indonesia. Portugal takes the lead.
- 50. • AdmiralAlfonzo deAlbuquerquesunk African and Muslim ships everywhere he sailed. Portugal takes the lead.
- 51. • By 1514,they had reached China. Portugal in East Asia
- 52. • Roman Catholicmissionaries followed (Dominican and Franciscan) to convert the people to Catholicism. Portugal in East Asia.
- 53. • The Jesuitsarrived in Macau, and attempted to win over elite Chinese society with science. Portugal in East Asia.
- 54. • Matteo Ricci(1582 Italian) and Adam Schall von Bell (1619 Germany) impressed some Chinese, yet they failed to gain many converts. Portugal in East Asia.
- 55. • Educated Chineseconsidered the Europeans barbarians, and tolerated their presence at most. Portugal in East Asia.
- 56. • Catholicism didworst in Japan. Portugal in East Asia.
- 57. • In the1549, Portuguese missionaries followed traders to Japan. Portugal in East Asia.
- 58. • In the16th Century, Portuguese missionaries went to Japan. Portugal in East Asia.
- 59. • Portuguese missionariesmade large Christian settlements during the 16th Century on the Japanese islands. Portugal in East Asia.
- 60. • However, theJapanese Shogun outlawed Christianity, and expelled all foreigners from Japan. Portugal in East Asia.
- 61. • The Portuguesecontinued to build forts along the maritime routes. Trading Post Empire
- 62. • Homuz 1507,Goa 1510, Malacca 1511. Trading Post Empire
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- 66. Portugal takes thelead.
- 67. Portugal looses thelead.
- 68. Portugal looses thelead.
- 69. Portugal looses thelead.
- 70. Portugal looses thelead.
- 71. Portugal looses thelead.
- 72. Portugal looses thelead.
- 73.
- 74. • While Portugalsailed around Africa, the Spanish sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean.
- 75. • While Portugalsailed around Africa, the Spanish sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean.
- 76.
- 77. Catholic Spain slowlywon its independence from the Muslim Empire.
- 78.
- 79.
- 84. The Spanish convertedthe mosque of Cordoba into a Catholic Church, after Muhammad XII surrendered (January 1492).
- 88. Christopher Columbus 1451-1506 Columbusargued the distance from Spain to Japan as 3,700 km, the correct figure 19,600 km.
- 89. “Nothing that resultsfrom human progress is achieved through unanimous consent, those that are enlightened before others are condemned to purse that light in spite of others” Christopher Columbus 1451-1506
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- 92. Christopher Columbus 1451-1506 Hethought he was in India.
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- 97. TheTreaty ofTordesillas, 1494& The Pope’s Line of Demarcation Portugal and Spain
- 98.
- 99. Looking for “ElDorado”
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- 101.
- 102. The Death ofMontezuma II
- 103. Mexico Surrenders toCortez
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- 105. Spanish and PortugueseEmpires in the Americas 1550
- 111. The crew ofFerdinand Magellan sailed around the world opening up new possibilities.
- 112. Soon, Spain colonizedthe Philippines (named after King Philip of Spain) and established direct trade with China.
- 113. By 1600, Spainhad established a huge maritime and land empire.