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Theravada-buddhism

Education◦

PRAYER
Lord, we ask you today, to guide
our actions by Your Holy
inspiration and grant that we
may carry them out with Your
gracious assistance, and that,
our every prayer and work may
begin always with You and
through You be happily ended,
AMEN.

Ms. Marlyn Panopio
Good afternoon,
Class!

CRAVING CIRCLE
Students form a circle and share some
personal experience where they felt a strong
craving (e.g., food, material possessions).
After sharing, they discuss how these
cravings made them feel.
This activity encourages vulnerability and
sets the stage for understanding Buddhist
principles.

OBJECTIVES
• Demonstrates understanding of the
elements of Theravada Buddhism.
• Reflect on personal experiences of craving
and discuss how applying Buddhist principles
can help reduce suffering in daily life.
• Participate in mindfulness meditation
techniques as a practice of the Eightfold Path
to cultivate awareness and self-discipline.

BUDDHISM
• Is a religion of around 500 million people
or around 7% to 8% of the world’s
population
• Buddhism followers are mostly found in
Asian continent with China having the
largest population at around 244 million
or 18% of its total population.

ASIAN COUNTRIES THAT HAVE THE HIGHEST
BUDDHIST MAJORITY IN TERMS OF POPULATION.
1. Cambodia 92%
2. Thailand 90%
3. Myanmar 80%
4. Bhutan 75%
5. Sri Lanka 75%
6. Laos 66%

• Buddhism is one of the most
practical among the world’s
great religion because its belief
system intends to meet the
basic needs of human needs and
solve human kind spiritual
problem without depending on
supernatural forces

• Siddhartha Gautama have been
born between 563 B.C.E. to 480
B.C.E. in Nepal
• Born into the Kshatriya caste, his
father was Suddhodana, an
aristocratic Hindu chieftain, and
his mother was Mahamaya, a
Koliyan princess

• Ten months later, Siddhartha was born. He emerged
from the side of the queen, took seven steps, and
said, “I have been born to achieve awakening(bodhi)
for the good of the world: this is my last birth.”
• The name ‘Siddhartha’ means “he who achieves his
aim.”
• He was reared by Mahamaya’s younger sister
Mahapajapati who became his father’s second wife
and the first woman to request ordination from the
Buddha.
• The word “Buddha” means “the awakened one” or
the “enlightened one.”

• At the time of his birth, the seer Asita
predicted that the child was destined for
either political or spiritual ascendancy
• Since Suddhodana wanted Siddhartha to
choose the life of a great king, he made
sure that the young boy experienced the
comfort of wealth and power
• Siddhartha spent 29 years as a prince in
Kapilavastu and he began to develop a
keen sense of discontent

• As he felt constant emptiness
despite living a life of luxury and
ease, he sought answers to his
questions by leaving his
comfortable abode without the
knowledge or approval of his family
• He left his wife, child, and social
status as he began to search for
truth and liberation

• The early schools of Buddhism developed their own
unique body of sacred texts
• Of these, however, only the Pali Canon or the
Tipitaka/Tripitaka (“three baskets”) of Theravada
Buddhism survives
• Preserved in the Pali language, this standard
collection of scriptures of Theravada Buddhists is
the first known, the most conservative, and the
most complete extant early canon of Buddhist
writings.

The three baskets (tipitaka/tripitaka)
Tipitika Contents
Sutta Pitaka (Discourse) Buddha’s doctrinal discourses;
short poems to long prose
narratives about Siddhartha’s
previous lives
Vinaya Pitaka (Discipline) Rules of discipline; stories that
illustrate Buddhist moral
principles
Abhidhamma Pitaka (Ultimate
Doctrine)
Systematic analysis of the
categories of Buddhist thought

Eightfold Path What One Must Do
Right View Understand the “Four Noble Truths”
Right Intention Free one’s self from ill-will, cruelty, and
untruthfulness
Right Speech Abstain from untruthfulness, tale-bearing,
harsh language, and vain talk
Right Action Abstain from killing, stealing, and sexual
misconduct
Right Livelihood Earn a living in a way not harmful to any
living thing
Right Effort Avoid evil thoughts and overcome them,
arouse good thoughts and maintain them
Right Mindfulness Pay vigilant attention to every state of the
body, feeling, and mind
Right Concentration Concentrate on a single object so as to
induce certain special states of
consciousness in deep meditation

• However, there are instances wherein Buddhist
monks engaged themselves in open conflict, such as
those that occurred in China and Japan.
• Quite recently, monks have been in the forefront of
political and social activism in Asia, such as
Myanmar’s “Saffron Revolution” in 2007 and the
Tibet demonstrations in 2008.

Mindfulness Moment
1. Gather students in a quiet space and guide
them through a 3-minute mindfulness
meditation focusing on breath awareness.
2. Encourage students to observe their
thoughts and feelings without judgment
during the meditation.
3. After meditation, facilitate a discussion on
their experiences and how it relates to the
Eightfold Path.

What sensations or
physical feelings did
you notice during the
mindfulness
meditation?

How did the
meditation influence
your understanding
of craving?

In what ways can
you incorporate
mindfulness into
your daily routine?

Instructions:
Create a visual representation of the
Eightfold Path using a poster or
infographic, or any artwork except
digital. Your design should effectively
communicate the meaning and
importance of each step in the
Eightfold Path while being visually
appealing and easy to understand.

Your visual representation must include:
1. Title & Introduction (10%) – A clear title and a brief explanation
of the Eightfold Path and its significance in Theravada Buddhism.
2. Eight Sections (40%) – Each of the Eightfold Path components
should be clearly labeled, defined, and visually represented (e.g.,
symbols, icons, or illustrations).
3. Design & Creativity (20%) – The visual should be engaging, well-
organized, and aesthetically appealing. Use appropriate colors,
images, and layouts.
4. Clarity & Readability (20%) – Text should be easy to read,
concise, and free of grammatical errors. Information should flow
logically.
5. Originality & Effort (10%) – The work should reflect creativity,
originality, and a strong effort to convey the concept effectively.
Total of 100%

490074844-Theravada-buddhism-Presentation.pptx

1.
PRAYER Lord, we askyou today, to guide our actions by Your Holy inspiration and grant that we may carry them out with Your gracious assistance, and that, our every prayer and work may begin always with You and through You be happily ended, AMEN.
2.
Ms. Marlyn Panopio Goodafternoon, Class!
3.
ACTIVITY
4.
CRAVING CIRCLE Students forma circle and share some personal experience where they felt a strong craving (e.g., food, material possessions). After sharing, they discuss how these cravings made them feel. This activity encourages vulnerability and sets the stage for understanding Buddhist principles.
5.
THERAVADA BUDDHISM
6.
OBJECTIVES • Demonstrates understandingof the elements of Theravada Buddhism. • Reflect on personal experiences of craving and discuss how applying Buddhist principles can help reduce suffering in daily life. • Participate in mindfulness meditation techniques as a practice of the Eightfold Path to cultivate awareness and self-discipline.
7.
BUDDHISM • Is areligion of around 500 million people or around 7% to 8% of the world’s population • Buddhism followers are mostly found in Asian continent with China having the largest population at around 244 million or 18% of its total population.
8.
ASIAN COUNTRIES THATHAVE THE HIGHEST BUDDHIST MAJORITY IN TERMS OF POPULATION. 1. Cambodia 92% 2. Thailand 90% 3. Myanmar 80% 4. Bhutan 75% 5. Sri Lanka 75% 6. Laos 66%
9.
• Buddhism isone of the most practical among the world’s great religion because its belief system intends to meet the basic needs of human needs and solve human kind spiritual problem without depending on supernatural forces
10.
LIFE OF THE BUDDHA
11.
• Siddhartha Gautamahave been born between 563 B.C.E. to 480 B.C.E. in Nepal • Born into the Kshatriya caste, his father was Suddhodana, an aristocratic Hindu chieftain, and his mother was Mahamaya, a Koliyan princess
12.
• Ten monthslater, Siddhartha was born. He emerged from the side of the queen, took seven steps, and said, “I have been born to achieve awakening(bodhi) for the good of the world: this is my last birth.” • The name ‘Siddhartha’ means “he who achieves his aim.” • He was reared by Mahamaya’s younger sister Mahapajapati who became his father’s second wife and the first woman to request ordination from the Buddha. • The word “Buddha” means “the awakened one” or the “enlightened one.”
13.
• At thetime of his birth, the seer Asita predicted that the child was destined for either political or spiritual ascendancy • Since Suddhodana wanted Siddhartha to choose the life of a great king, he made sure that the young boy experienced the comfort of wealth and power • Siddhartha spent 29 years as a prince in Kapilavastu and he began to develop a keen sense of discontent
14.
• As hefelt constant emptiness despite living a life of luxury and ease, he sought answers to his questions by leaving his comfortable abode without the knowledge or approval of his family • He left his wife, child, and social status as he began to search for truth and liberation
16.
SACRED SCRIPTURE
17.
• The earlyschools of Buddhism developed their own unique body of sacred texts • Of these, however, only the Pali Canon or the Tipitaka/Tripitaka (“three baskets”) of Theravada Buddhism survives • Preserved in the Pali language, this standard collection of scriptures of Theravada Buddhists is the first known, the most conservative, and the most complete extant early canon of Buddhist writings.
18.
The three baskets(tipitaka/tripitaka) Tipitika Contents Sutta Pitaka (Discourse) Buddha’s doctrinal discourses; short poems to long prose narratives about Siddhartha’s previous lives Vinaya Pitaka (Discipline) Rules of discipline; stories that illustrate Buddhist moral principles Abhidhamma Pitaka (Ultimate Doctrine) Systematic analysis of the categories of Buddhist thought
19.
BELIEFS AND DOCTRINES
30.
Eightfold Path WhatOne Must Do Right View Understand the “Four Noble Truths” Right Intention Free one’s self from ill-will, cruelty, and untruthfulness Right Speech Abstain from untruthfulness, tale-bearing, harsh language, and vain talk Right Action Abstain from killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct Right Livelihood Earn a living in a way not harmful to any living thing Right Effort Avoid evil thoughts and overcome them, arouse good thoughts and maintain them Right Mindfulness Pay vigilant attention to every state of the body, feeling, and mind Right Concentration Concentrate on a single object so as to induce certain special states of consciousness in deep meditation
32.
Eightfold Path WhatOne Must Do Right View Understand the “Four Noble Truths” Right Intention Free one’s self from ill-will, cruelty, and untruthfulness Right Speech Abstain from untruthfulness, tale-bearing, harsh language, and vain talk Right Action Abstain from killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct Right Livelihood Earn a living in a way not harmful to any living thing Right Effort Avoid evil thoughts and overcome them, arouse good thoughts and maintain them Right Mindfulness Pay vigilant attention to every state of the body, feeling, and mind Right Concentration Concentrate on a single object so as to induce certain special states of consciousness in deep meditation
34.
Eightfold Path WhatOne Must Do Right View Understand the “Four Noble Truths” Right Intention Free one’s self from ill-will, cruelty, and untruthfulness Right Speech Abstain from untruthfulness, tale-bearing, harsh language, and vain talk Right Action Abstain from killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct Right Livelihood Earn a living in a way not harmful to any living thing Right Effort Avoid evil thoughts and overcome them, arouse good thoughts and maintain them Right Mindfulness Pay vigilant attention to every state of the body, feeling, and mind Right Concentration Concentrate on a single object so as to induce certain special states of consciousness in deep meditation
36.
Eightfold Path WhatOne Must Do Right View Understand the “Four Noble Truths” Right Intention Free one’s self from ill-will, cruelty, and untruthfulness Right Speech Abstain from untruthfulness, tale-bearing, harsh language, and vain talk Right Action Abstain from killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct Right Livelihood Earn a living in a way not harmful to any living thing Right Effort Avoid evil thoughts and overcome them, arouse good thoughts and maintain them Right Mindfulness Pay vigilant attention to every state of the body, feeling, and mind Right Concentration Concentrate on a single object so as to induce certain special states of consciousness in deep meditation
42.
SELECTED ISSUES
44.
• However, thereare instances wherein Buddhist monks engaged themselves in open conflict, such as those that occurred in China and Japan. • Quite recently, monks have been in the forefront of political and social activism in Asia, such as Myanmar’s “Saffron Revolution” in 2007 and the Tibet demonstrations in 2008.
47.
ACTIVITY
48.
Mindfulness Moment 1. Gatherstudents in a quiet space and guide them through a 3-minute mindfulness meditation focusing on breath awareness. 2. Encourage students to observe their thoughts and feelings without judgment during the meditation. 3. After meditation, facilitate a discussion on their experiences and how it relates to the Eightfold Path.
49.
ASSESSMENT
50.
What sensations or physicalfeelings did you notice during the mindfulness meditation?
51.
How did the meditationinfluence your understanding of craving?
52.
In what wayscan you incorporate mindfulness into your daily routine?
53.
ASSIGNMENT
54.
Instructions: Create a visualrepresentation of the Eightfold Path using a poster or infographic, or any artwork except digital. Your design should effectively communicate the meaning and importance of each step in the Eightfold Path while being visually appealing and easy to understand.
55.
Your visual representationmust include: 1. Title & Introduction (10%) – A clear title and a brief explanation of the Eightfold Path and its significance in Theravada Buddhism. 2. Eight Sections (40%) – Each of the Eightfold Path components should be clearly labeled, defined, and visually represented (e.g., symbols, icons, or illustrations). 3. Design & Creativity (20%) – The visual should be engaging, well- organized, and aesthetically appealing. Use appropriate colors, images, and layouts. 4. Clarity & Readability (20%) – Text should be easy to read, concise, and free of grammatical errors. Information should flow logically. 5. Originality & Effort (10%) – The work should reflect creativity, originality, and a strong effort to convey the concept effectively. Total of 100%

Editor's Notes

#2 check attendance arrange chairs and pick up the pieces of trash under chairs
#4 Food Craving (Chocolate Cake) Social Media Craving (More Likes on a Post) Hobby/Entertainment Craving (Video Games or Watching a Show) Attention or Validation (Wanting to Be Noticed by Friends or Teachers) Why do you think I ask you for the things that you crave? Are you familiar with Four Noble of Truth? How about the Eight-Fold Path Okay, and it has something to do with our discussion which is about Buddhism, particularly in Connecting Cravings to Buddhism What do you think cravings have in common with suffering? (Introduce the idea of the Four Noble Truths—that suffering is caused by craving or attachment.) Ano sa tingin mo ang pagkakapareho ng pagnanasa at pagdurusa? (Ipakilala ang ideya ng Apat na Marangal na Katotohanan—na ang pagdurusa ay dulot ng pagnanasa o pagkapit sa mga bagay.) Did you feel truly satisfied after fulfilling your craving, or did you start wanting something else? Why do you think that happens? (Relate this to the idea of impermanence—nothing lasts forever.) Naramdaman mo bang tunay kang nasiyahan matapos makuha ang ninanais mo, o may gusto ka na namang iba? Bakit kaya ganito ang nangyayari? (Iugnay ito sa ideya ng pagbabago—na walang bagay na panghabang-buhay.) Have you ever tried to resist a craving? How did it feel? (Connect this to the Buddhist idea of self-control and detachment.) Nasubukan mo na bang pigilan ang isang matinding pagnanasa? Ano ang pakiramdam? (Iugnay ito sa ideya ng pagpipigil sa sarili at hindi pagkakapit sa anumang bagay ayon sa Budismo.) What do you think would happen if we let go of all our cravings? Would that be easy or difficult? Why? (This links to the concept of nirvana—freedom from suffering.) Ano sa tingin mo ang mangyayari kung tuluyang mawala ang lahat ng ating pagnanasa? Madali ba o mahirap itong gawin? Bakit? (Konektado ito sa konsepto ng nirvana—ang kalayaan mula sa pagdurusa.) In Theravāda Buddhism, monks live a very simple life without material possessions. How do you think that affects their happiness? (Encourage students to think about minimalism and contentment.) Sa Theravāda Buddhism, namumuhay nang simple ang mga monghe at walang personal na ari-arian. Paano kaya ito nakakaapekto sa kanilang kaligayahan? (Hikayatin ang pag-iisip tungkol sa pagiging kuntento at simpleng pamumuhay.) Do you think modern life makes it harder or easier to follow Buddhist teachings on cravings? Why? (This can spark a discussion on materialism, social media, and distractions in daily life.)\ Sa tingin mo ba mas madali o mas mahirap sundin ang mga turo ng Budismo tungkol sa pagnanasa sa modernong panahon? Bakit? (Maaaring magbigay-daan ito sa talakayan tungkol sa materyalismo, social media, at mga abala sa pang-araw-araw na buhay.) If you had to give up one thing you crave a lot (like a favorite snack, social media, or video games), how do you think it would affect your life? (Encourages personal reflection on attachment and detachment.) Kung kailangan mong isuko ang isang bagay na labis mong ninanais (halimbawa, paboritong pagkain, social media, o video games), paano ito makakaapekto sa buhay mo? (Hinihikayat ang personal na pagninilay tungkol sa pagkapit at pagpapalaya sa sarili.)
#5 Next: Theravāda Buddhism, teaches that craving is one of the main causes of human suffering. Let’s explore why that might be." But before that, let us read the objectives:
#7 Buddhism is a major religion – It has around 500 million followers, making up 7% to 8% of the world’s population. This means that a significant number of people across the globe practice Buddhism. Most Buddhists live in Asia – The majority of Buddhism's followers are found in Asian countries, with China having the largest number at 244 million people, which is about 18% of China’s total population. This shows that Buddhism has a strong presence in China and other parts of Asia.
#8 This data shows that Southeast and South Asia have some of the strongest Buddhist-majority nations.
#9 Buddhism is considered one of the most practical religions because it focuses on solving human problems, especially spiritual suffering, using wisdom, self-discipline, and mindfulness rather than relying on supernatural forces. Addresses Basic Human Needs – Solves Spiritual Problems – Practical Approach
#11 Siddhartha Gautama, later known as the Buddha, was born between 563 B.C.E. and 480 B.C.E. in present-day Nepal. He was born into a noble family, with his father, Suddhodana, ruling the Shakya clan and his mother, Mahamaya, being a Koliyan princess.
#12 According to legend, Siddhartha Gautama was born ten months after conception, emerging from the side of his mother, Queen Mahamaya, and taking seven steps while declaring his purpose of achieving enlightenment. -ipinanganak daw si Siddhartha Gautama sampung buwan matapos ang kanyang paglilihi His name, "Siddhartha," means "he who achieves his aim," reflecting his destined path. After his mother passed away, he was raised by her younger sister, Mahapajapati, who later became the first woman to seek ordination as a Buddhist nun. The title "Buddha" means "the awakened one" or "the enlightened one," signifying his spiritual awakening and wisdom.
#14 Explanation in English: Even though he had a rich and easy life, he still felt empty inside. To find answers to his questions, he secretly left his home without telling his family. He gave up his wife, child, and high social status to search for truth and freedom. Tagalog Translation: Kahit mayaman at maginhawa ang kanyang buhay, pakiramdam niya ay may kulang pa rin. Kaya, umalis siya nang hindi ipinaalam sa kanyang pamilya upang hanapin ang kasagutan sa kanyang mga tanong. Iniwan niya ang kanyang asawa, anak, at mataas na katayuan sa lipunan upang maghanap ng katotohanan at kalayaan.
#15 Siddhartha realized that life has a beginning and an end. He discovered the different stages of life, from birth to sickness, old age, and finally, death. The Buddha is one of the most influential figures in history, and his teachings have greatly impacted various religions, literature, and philosophy. His influence extends not only within India but also to the farthest parts of the Western world. Tagalog Translation (Simplified): Nalaman ni Siddhartha na ang buhay ay may simula at katapusan. Natuklasan niya ang iba't ibang yugto ng buhay—mula sa kapanganakan, sakit, katandaan, hanggang sa kamatayan. Isa si Buddha sa pinaka-maimpluwensiyang tao sa kasaysayan, at ang kanyang mga turo ay nakaapekto sa iba't ibang relihiyon, panitikan, at pilosopiya. Ang kanyang impluwensya ay hindi lang sa India kundi pati na rin sa malalayong bahagi ng Kanluraning mundo.
#16 This represents the three main sacred scriptures of Buddhism, often referred to as the Tripitaka or Three Baskets. Each "basket" contains different types of Buddhist teachings
#17 Different early Buddhist schools created their own sacred texts, but only the Pali Canon or Tripitaka from Theravada Buddhism has survived. Written in the Pali language, this collection of scriptures is the oldest, most complete, and most traditional set of Buddhist writings that still exists today. Tagalog Translation: Ang iba't ibang sinaunang paaralan ng Budismo ay bumuo ng sarili nilang banal na kasulatan, ngunit ang Pali Canon o Tripitaka ng Theravada Buddhism lamang ang nanatili. Nakasulat sa wikang Pali, ito ang pinakauna, pinakakompleto, at pinaka-konserbatibong koleksyon ng mga kasulatang Budista na umiiral pa rin ngayon.
#18 This table explains the Tripitaka (Tipitaka) or the Three Baskets of Buddhist scriptures. Each "basket" contains different teachings: Sutta Pitaka (Discourse) – Includes Buddha’s teachings, from short poems to long stories about his past lives. Vinaya Pitaka (Discipline) – Contains rules and guidelines for Buddhist monks and nuns, along with stories that teach moral values. Abhidhamma Pitaka (Ultimate Doctrine) – Provides a deep and systematic analysis of Buddhist teachings and philosophy. Tagalog Translation: Ang talahanayang ito ay nagpapaliwanag ng Tripitaka (Tipitaka) o ang Tatlong Basket ng mga kasulatang Budista: Sutta Pitaka (Diskurso) – Mga aral ni Buddha, mula sa maiikling tula hanggang sa mahahabang kwento tungkol sa kanyang mga nakaraang buhay. Vinaya Pitaka (Disiplina) – Mga alituntunin para sa mga monghe at madre, pati na rin ang mga kwentong nagtuturo ng moral na prinsipyo ng Budismo. Abhidhamma Pitaka (Pinakamataas na Aral) – Mas malalim na pagsusuri at pagpapaliwanag ng mga kategorya ng kaisipang Budista.
#20 Buddha did not intend to create a new religion. His teachings focus mainly on ethics and self-understanding. He taught that people should seek their own salvation through their actions, without relying on a supreme being. Tagalog Translation: Hindi nilayon ni Buddha na magtatag ng bagong relihiyon. Ang kanyang mga turo ay nakatuon sa mabuting asal at pag-unawa sa sarili. Naniniwala siya na ang kaligtasan ay nakasalalay sa sariling pagsisikap ng tao, nang hindi umaasa sa isang makapangyarihang nilalang.
#21 Buddha did not see himself as a savior but as a guide and teacher. He showed people the path they could follow to find spiritual peace and enlightenment. Tagalog Translation: Hindi itinuring ni Buddha ang sarili bilang isang tagapagligtas kundi isang gabay at guro. Ipinakita niya sa mga tao ang tamang landas upang makamit ang kapayapang espiritwal at kaliwanagan.
#22 One unique belief in Buddhism is that the soul (atman) does not exist. Instead, people live in a state called "anatta" or "non-self." Buddhism does not teach that humans have an eternal or indestructible soul. Tagalog Translation: Isang natatanging paniniwala sa Budismo ay ang kawalan ng kaluluwa (atman). Sa halip, naniniwala ito na ang tao ay nabubuhay sa isang estado ng "anatta" o "walang sarili." Hindi itinuturo ng Budismo na ang tao ay may walang hanggang o hindi masisirang kaluluwa.
#23 the Four Noble Truths, which are the core teachings of Buddhism. These truths explain the nature of suffering, its cause, its end, and the path to overcoming it.
#24 The First Noble Truth in Buddhism states that suffering, or "dukkha," is a natural part of life. It happens in different stages, such as birth, sickness, aging, and eventually, death. Tagalog Translation: Ang Unang Marangal na Katotohanan sa Budismo ay nagsasabing ang paghihirap o "dukkha" ay likas na bahagi ng buhay. Nararanasan ito sa iba't ibang yugto tulad ng kapanganakan, sakit, pagtanda, at sa huli, kamatayan.
#25 The Second Noble Truth explains that suffering comes from craving or strong desires (called tanha). People always want more—whether it’s things, experiences, or ideas—which creates endless dissatisfaction and suffering. Tagalog Translation: Ang Ikalawang Marangal na Katotohanan ay nagpapaliwanag na ang paghihirap ay nagmumula sa matinding pagnanasa (tanha). Laging may hinahangad ang tao—mga bagay, karanasan, o ideya—na nagdudulot ng walang katapusang hindi kasiyahan at pagdurusa.
#26 The Third Noble Truth teaches that suffering can end (nirodha) if we stop craving and desiring things. By letting go of these attachments, a person can be free and experience true peace. Tagalog Translation: Ang Ikatlong Marangal na Katotohanan ay nagtuturo na maaaring matapos ang paghihirap (nirodha) kung titigilan natin ang labis na pagnanasa. Kapag natutong bumitaw sa mga pagnanais, maaaring makamit ng isang tao ang tunay na kalayaan at kapayapaan.
#27 The Fourth Noble Truth explains that there is a path (magga) to end suffering. By following this path, a person can stop craving and eventually achieve peace and freedom from pain. Tagalog Translation: Ang Ikaapat na Marangal na Katotohanan ay nagpapaliwanag na mayroong isang daan (magga) upang wakasan ang paghihirap. Sa pagsunod sa daang ito, maaaring huminto ang pagnanasa at maranasan ang tunay na kapayapaan at kalayaan mula sa sakit.
#28 the Noble Eightfold Path, which is the practical guideline in Buddhism for achieving enlightenment and ending suffering. Each step in the path is referred to as "right" or samma, emphasizing correct understanding, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration.
#29 The Noble Eightfold Path, one of Buddhism’s core teachings, symbolized by the Dharma Wheel (Dharmachakra). The Eightfold Path consists of: Right View – Knowing the truth Right Intention – Freeing the mind from evil Right Speech – Avoiding words that harm others Right Action – Doing good for others Right Livelihood – Living ethically and respecting life Right Effort – Resisting evil and cultivating good habits Right Mindfulness – Controlling thoughts and being aware Right Concentration – Practicing meditation This path serves as a guideline for ethical conduct, mental discipline, and wisdom, leading to enlightenment. Tagalog Translation: Ang larawang ito ay nagpapakita ng Marangal na Walong Landas, isang mahalagang aral sa Budismo na inilarawan sa pamamagitan ng Gulong ng Dharma (Dharmachakra). Binubuo ito ng: Tamang Pag-unawa – Pag-alam sa katotohanan Tamang Layunin – Pagpapalaya sa isipan mula sa kasamaan Tamang Pananalita – Pag-iwas sa pananalitang nakasasakit Tamang Pagkilos – Paggawa ng mabuti para sa iba Tamang Hanapbuhay – Pamumuhay nang marangal at may respeto sa buhay Tamang Pagsisikap – Pagtalikod sa kasamaan at pagsasagawa ng kabutihan Tamang Kamalayan – Pagkontrol sa isipan at pagiging mapanuri Tamang Konsentrasyon – Pagsasanay sa meditasyon
#31 "samma" (Pali) or "samyañc" (Sanskrit) signifies "right, proper, as it ought to be, best Three Aspects of Samma, specifically the Path of Wisdom, which includes: Right View – Understanding reality and the Four Noble Truths. Right Intention – Developing thoughts free from ill-will, cruelty, and harmful desires.
#33 Path of Morality, which is the second aspect of Samma (right practice) in Buddhism. It includes: Right Speech – Speaking truthfully and avoiding lies, gossip, and harmful words. Right Action – Acting ethically, refraining from harming others, stealing, or engaging in misconduct. Right Livelihood – Earning a living in a way that does not cause harm to others.
#37 Impermanence (Anitya/Annica) means that nothing lasts forever. Everything changes, and all things, whether good or bad, will eventually pass. This idea teaches people to accept change and not cling too much to things that are temporary. Tagalog: Ang Impermanence (Anitya/Annica) ay nangangahulugan na walang bagay ang panghabang-buhay. Lahat ay nagbabago, at anumang bagay—mabuti man o masama—ay lilipas din. Tinuturuan tayo nitong tanggapin ang pagbabago at huwag masyadong kumapit sa mga pansamantalang bagay.
#38 Rebirth or Samsara is the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth that continues again and again. By understanding the truth of life and following the right path, a person can break free from this cycle and reach liberation, which means no more suffering and no more rebirth. Tagalog: Ang Rebirth o Samsara ay ang paulit-ulit na siklo ng kapanganakan, kamatayan, at muling pagkabuhay. Sa pamamagitan ng pag-unawa sa katotohanan ng buhay at pagsunod sa tamang landas, maaaring makalaya ang isang tao mula sa siklong ito at maabot ang kalayaan, kung saan wala nang paghihirap at wala nang muling pagsilang.
#39 Karma is the law of cause and effect, which means that everything we do has a result. If we do good things, we will experience good results, and if we do bad things, we will face negative consequences. Tagalog: Ang Karma ay ang batas ng sanhi at epekto, na nangangahulugan na ang lahat ng ating ginagawa ay may resulta. Kung gumagawa tayo ng mabuti, makakaranas tayo ng mabuting bunga, at kung gumagawa tayo ng masama, haharapin natin ang masasamang epekto.
#40 Law of Dependent Organization (Paticca Samuppada): This teaching of Siddhartha explains that everything happens because of something else. Nothing exists on its own; everything is connected. Tagalog: Batas ng Magkakaugnay na Pagkakaayos (Paticca Samuppada): Itinuturo nito na ang lahat ng bagay ay may dahilan at bunga. Walang bagay na umiiral nang mag-isa; lahat ay magkaugnay. Impermanence of Things: Nothing in life is permanent; everything changes. This is a truth that all people must accept. Tagalog: Kawalan ng Permanensiya ng mga Bagay: Walang bagay sa buhay ang panghabang-buhay; lahat ay nagbabago. Ito ay isang katotohanang dapat tanggapin ng lahat. Samsara: It is the continuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. People seek to be free from this cycle. Tagalog: Samsara: Ito ay ang paulit-ulit na siklo ng kapanganakan, kamatayan, at muling pagsilang. Ninanais ng tao na makalaya mula rito. Nirvana: This is the state of perfect peace and freedom from suffering. A person who reaches this state is called an "arhat," meaning someone worthy of honor. Tagalog: Nirvana: Ito ay isang kalagayan ng ganap na kapayapaan at kalayaan mula sa paghihirap. Ang isang taong nakamit ito ay tinatawag na "arhat," na nangangahulugang isang taong karapat-dapat sa parangal.
#41 English Explanation: Stupas are special structures built to honor important Buddhist figures. They contain sacred objects related to Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha). In Tibet, stupas are called "chortens," and in Southeast and East Asia, they are known as "pagodas." Tagalog Explanation: Ang mga stupa ay espesyal na gusali na itinayo upang parangalan ang mahahalagang tao sa Buddhism. Mayroon itong mga banal na bagay na may kaugnayan kay Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha). Sa Tibet, tinatawag itong "chorten," at sa Timog at Silangang Asya, tinatawag itong "pagoda."
#43 Itinuturo ng Budismo na masama ang digmaan at karahasan. Ang salitang "akusala" ay nangangahulugang hindi mabuti o mali. Ayon sa ilang iskolar, walang paliwanag o dahilan sa mga turo ni Buddha na nagsasabing tama ang digmaan.
#44 Even though Buddhism teaches peace, there have been times when Buddhist monks participated in conflicts, like in China and Japan. More recently, monks have taken part in political and social protests, such as the "Saffron Revolution" in Myanmar (2007) and demonstrations in Tibet (2008). Tagalog Explanation: Kahit tinuturo ng Budismo ang kapayapaan, may mga pagkakataon na ang mga monghe ay nakilahok sa labanan, tulad ng sa China at Japan. Kamakailan, naging bahagi rin sila ng mga protesta tungkol sa politika at lipunan, tulad ng "Saffron Revolution" sa Myanmar noong 2007 at mga demonstrasyon sa Tibet noong 2008.
#45 In Theravāda Buddhism, women faced challenges in joining the sangha (Buddhist monastic community). Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) allowed women to join but with strict rules. Traditionally, women were expected to be loyal and devoted wives, following their husbands’ wishes. Tagalog Explanation: Sa Theravāda Buddhism, nahirapan ang mga babae na sumali sa sangha (komunidad ng mga monghe). Pinayagan sila ni Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) pero may mahigpit na patakaran. Noon, inaasahang maging tapat at masunuring asawa ang mga babae, sumusunod sa kagustuhan ng kanilang asawa.
#46 English Explanation: Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) believed that both men and women can be wise. The teachings of Buddhism are connected to his life. He was born between 563 B.C.E. and 480 B.C.E. in Lumbini, near the Nepalese Himalayas. One issue in Theravāda Buddhism is gender roles. Even though Buddha acknowledged women’s wisdom, they still faced restrictions in religious and social life. Women had fewer opportunities to become monks and were expected to follow strict rules. Tagalog Explanation: Naniniwala si Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) na may katalinuhan ang parehong lalaki at babae. Ang mga aral ng Budismo ay may kaugnayan sa kanyang buhay. Ipinanganak siya sa pagitan ng 563 B.C.E. at 480 B.C.E. sa Lumbini, malapit sa Himalayas sa Nepal. Isa sa mga isyu sa Theravāda Buddhism ay ang papel ng mga babae. Kahit kinilala ni Buddha ang talino ng kababaihan, mayroon pa rin silang limitasyon sa relihiyon at lipunan. Mas kaunti ang pagkakataon nilang maging monghe at may mas mahigpit na tuntunin silang dapat sundin.
#50 I noticed my breath going in and out, my body feeling relaxed, and some tension in certain areas.
#51 It helped me see how thoughts and desires come and go, and that I don’t have to react to them immediately.
#52 By taking deep breaths when feeling stressed, paying attention to my thoughts without judgment, and staying present in everyday activities like eating or walking.

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