4g technology Ganesh Deshmukh

Presented

By Ganesh .R. Deshmukh

4G Definition
 4G is not one defined technology or standard,

but rather a collection of technologies at
creating fully packet-switched networks
optimized for data.

 4G Networks are projected to provide speed

of 100Mbps while moving and 1Gbps while
stationary.

0G (Zero Generation Mobile System)
 At the end of the 1940’s, the first radio telephone

service was introduced, and was designed to users in
cars to the public land-line based telephone network.

 In the 1960’s, a system launched by Bell Systems,

called, Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS),
brought quite a few improvements such as direct
dialing and more bandwidth. The very first analog
systems were based upon IMTS and were created in
the late 60s and early 70s.

1G Technology
 1G refers to the first-generation of wireless

telephone technology was developed in
1970’s.

 1G had two major improvements:
 the invention of the microprocessor
 the digital transform of the control link between

the phone and the cell site.

 Analog signal

Generations In Wireless
Communication

 First Generation ( 1G )
-> Analog
-> Simplest type to wireless data
-> Average rate between 4800 to 9600 bps
-> Based on FDMA

2G Technology
 Around 1980’s
 Better quality & capacity - More people could

use there phones at the same time

 Digital Signals – consist of 0’s & 1’s

Communication

 Second Generation ( 2G )

-> Digital
-> GSM (Global system for mobile communication)
-> Based on TDMA
-> Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital data
transfer
- SMS - “short message service”
- E-mail
-> 2.5G networks, such as GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service)

Previous Technology - 2G
 Digital – consist of 0’s and 1’s
 Digital signal:
1.Low level, 2.High level, 3.Rising edge
and 4.Falling edge


 Digital data can be compressed and multiplexed

much more effectively than analog voice
encodings
 Multiplexing -multiple analog message signals or
digital data streams are combined into one signal
 For 1 and 2G standards, bandwidth maximum is
9.6 Kbit/sec, (I.E) approximately 6 times slower
than an ISDN

 Allows for lower powered radio signals that

require less battery

 Power–CODEC introduction -program that

encodes and decodes digital data stream or
signal
 Translates data from digital to analog and vice

versa

Advantages in Previous
Technology - 2G
 The digital voice encoding allows digital error

checking

 increase sound quality
 lowers the noise level

 Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of

digital data transfer

 SMS –“short message service”
 E-mail

Disadvantages in Previous
Technology - 2G
 Cell towers had a limited coverage area
 Jagged Decay curve
 Abrupt dropped calls
 Analog –gradual sound reduction

 “Spotty” coverage

Communication
 Third Generation ( 3G )
-> Promise faster communications services
(Including voice, fax and Internet)
-> Increased spectrum efficiency
-> Based on CDMA & TD-SCDMA
-> Supports 144 Kbps bandwidth, with high speed movement
(e.g. vehicles), 384 Kbps (e.g. on campus) & 2 Mbps for
stationary (e.g.in building )
-> 3G systems are referred to as Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS) in Europe and
International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT2000)
worldwide.

3G Technology
 Large capacity and broadband capabilities
 Allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile

systems and up to 2Mbps

 Increased spectrum efficiency –5Mhz

 A greater number of users that can be

simultaneously supported by a radio frequency
bandwidth
 High data rates at lower incremental cost than
2G–Global roaming

 CDMA –Code Division Multiple Access
 Form of multiplexing
 Does not divide up the channel by time or

frequency

 Encodes data with a special code associated with

each channel

Communication

Technology

1G

2G

3G

4G

Analog voice,
Synchronous
data to 9.6
Kbps.

Digital voice,
SMS

Higher capacity,
broad band data
Up to 2 Mbps.

Higher capacity,
completely IP oriented
multimedia, data to
hundreds of megabits

Data
bandwidth

1.0 Kbps

14.4 Kbps

2 Mbps

100 + Mbps

Multiplexing

FDMA

TDMA

CDMA

OFDM

Service

 Mobile VoIP
• “Voice Over Internet Protocol”
• Allows only packets (IP) to be transferred eliminating complexity of
2 protocols over the same circuit
• All voice data will be wrapped up in a packet
- Lower latency data transmission (faster transmission)
• Samples voice between 8,000 & 64,000 times per second and
creates stream of bits which is then compressed and put into a
packet.
• Increases battery life due to greater data compression

Introduction To 4G
-> Known as Beyond 3G / Fourth Generation Technology
-> MAGIC
- Mobile multimedia
- Anytime anywhere
- Global mobility support
- Integrated wireless solution
- Customized personal service
-> A 4G system will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data
and streamed multimedia can be given to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis, and
at higher data rates than previous generations.

-> 4G : Convergence of High Speed Internet & Mobility
-> 3GPP is currently standardizing LTE Advanced as future 4G standard. LTE Advanced
will be standardized as part of the Release 10 of the 3GPP specification this year.

Types of Multiplexing
 FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple Access
 Each phone call is allocated one frequency for the

entire duration of the call



 TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access
 Each phone call is allocated a spot in the

frequency for a small amount of time, and "takes
turns" being transmitted

 CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
 Each phone call is uniquely encoded and

transmitted across the entire spectrum, in a
manner known as spread spectrum transmission

Reasons for New Research
 Even though 3G hhas successfully been

introduced to mobile users ,there are some
issues that are debated by 3G providers and
users.
 High input fees for the 3G service licenses.
 Greate differences in the licensing terms.
 3G phones are expensive

What is 4G?
 Fourth Generation Technology











Faster and more reliable
100 Mb/s
Lower cost than previous generations
Multi-standard wireless system
Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless
Ad Hoc Networking
IPv6 Core
OFDM used instead of CDMA
Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n
Most information is proprietary

Communications Architecture
 Broadcast layer:
 fix access points, (i.e.) cell tower connected by
fiber, microwave, or satellite (ISP)
 Ad-hoc/hot-spot layer:
 wireless LANs (i.e. internet at Starbuck’s)

Communications Architecture
 Personal Layer Gateway:

 devices that connect to upper layers; cell phone, fax,

voice, data modem, MP3 players, PDAs

 Info-Sensor layer:

 environmental sensors

 Fiber-optic wire layer:

 high speed subterranean labyrinth of fiber optic cables

and repeaters

 Software-Defined Radio (SDR)
-> SDR is one form of open wireless architecture (OWA).
-> Since 4G is a collection of wireless standards, the final
form of a 4G device will constitute various standards.
This can be efficiently realized using SDR technology,
which is categorized to the area of the radio
convergence.

Ad Hoc Networks
 Spontaneous self

organization of
networks of devices

 Not necessarily

connected to internet

 4G will create hybrid

wireless networks using
Ad Hoc networks

 Form of mesh

networking–Very
reliable

Features

• Support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, Internet,
and other broadband services
• Fully IP based mobile system
• High speed, high capacity, and low cost‐per‐bit
• Global access, service portability, and scalable mobile services
• Seamless switching, and a variety of Quality of Service
• Better scheduling and call‐admission‐control techniques
• Ad‐hoc and multi‐hop networks
• Better spectral efficiency
• Seamless network of multiple protocols and air interfaces (since 4G
will be all‐IP, 4G systems to be compatible with all common networ
technologies, including 802.11, WCDMA, Bluetooth, and Hyper
LAN).
• Interoperability with existing wireless standards
• An all IP, packet switched network

4G In India
 In India, the government hopes to raise around $9 billion from the

3G and BWA auctions, foreign telephone‐companies are eager to
unfurl a new technology — TD‐LTE —which is akin to 4G
technology.

 US‐based Qualcomm and Sweden's Ericson aim on TD‐LTE, hoping

that it will help them to gain market in India, the world's fastest
growing mobile market. Qualcomm is to participate in the
broadband wireless access (BWA) spectrum auction. If it does
secure its bid in the auction, India could well become the first
country after China to roll out TD‐LTE.

 TD‐LTE, or Time Division Long Term Evolution, caters to peak

download speeds of 100 Mbps on mobile phones, compared to the
20 Mbps for 3G and 40 Mbps for WiMax. LTE brings to the table
additional spectrum, more capacity, lower cost, and is essential to
take mobile broadband to the mass market.

Enhance Mobile Gaming
 Experience enhance wireless capabilities that

deliver mobile gaming interaction with less
than five seconds

 Play online multi player games while

traveling at high speeds or sitting outside

Broadband access in Remote
location
 4G will provide a wireless alternative for

broadband access

 I will provide first opportunity for broadband

access in remote locations without an
infrastructure to support cable or DSL access.

 Software‐Defined Radio (SDR)
‐> SDR is one form of open wireless architecture (OWA).
‐> Since 4G is a collection of wireless standards, the final
which is categorized to the area of the radio
convergence.

 Software‐Defined Radio (SDR)
‐> SDR is one form of open wireless architecture (OWA).
‐> Since 4G is a collection of wireless standards, the final
which is categorized to the area of the radio convergence.

4g technology Ganesh Deshmukh

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