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This document summarizes community-based disaster risk reduction and management (CBDRRM) activities conducted in Nepal as part of the Project for Assessment of Earthquake Disaster Risk in the Kathmandu Valley. The activities included 3-day training for municipality officers, workshops to create hazard maps and emergency plans for selected wards, and prepositioning of emergency supplies for one ward. The goals were to enhance community capacities for disaster preparedness and response through participatory mapping, planning and resource management at the local level.

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T H E P R O J E C T F O R A S S E S S M E N T O F E A R T H Q U A K E D I S A S T E R R I S K F O R T H E K A T H M A N D U V A L L E Y I N N E P A L JICA Project team WG3: Pilot Activities Implementation of Community-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (CBDRRM) Activities Miki Kodama 14 February 2018 Final Public Seminar
2 CBDRRM Activities in the ERAKV Project Urgent Resilient and Safe Kathmandu Campaign Flow and Targets of the CBDRRM Activities Step 1: 3-day CBDRRM Training for Municipality Officers and Relevant Stakeholders Step 2: CBDRRM Activities in a Selected Ward Follow-up Activities of CBDRRM Recommendation for Promoting and Improving Future CBDRRM Activities Contents
What is CBDRRM? (Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management) Self-help by yourself Mutual-help in community Public-help by government To enhance capacities of community and community members to respond and to prepare for disasters Actors of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
4 Why CBDRRM is required?(1) • Need proper knowledge on risks and actions to be taken in case of disasters for the community member Community members are the first responder of disasters. Initial response at the first stage sometimes determines results of disasters • Need pre-coordination and preparation among community members and with other stakeholder Mutual help can make big differences in the result of disasters • Need involvement community members in the DRRM planning Local knowledge is indispensable for the effective disaster risk management including policy planning • Need enhancing community’s awareness for the importance of their own initiatives Initiatives of community people have an impact on prompt recovery from damages and making community resilient to future disasters
5 77% of the rescued people (approx. 35,000) were saved by families or neighbors in case of Great Hanshin-Awaji EQ (occurred in 1995 in Japan). Enhancement of mutual help capacities can make big differences for saving people’s lives Family and neighbors, 77% Police, Fire Fighters, and Self Defense Force, 23% [Note] Public help cannot reach to community soon in case of large scale disasters Why CBDRRM is required? (2) Mutual Help is Important
6 Why CBDRRM is required?(1) • Need proper knowledge on risks and actions to be taken in case of disasters for the community member Community members are the first responder of disasters. Initial response at the first stage sometimes determines results of disasters • Need pre-coordination and preparation among community members and with other stakeholder Mutual help can make big differences in the result of disasters • Need involvement community members in the DRRM planning Local knowledge is indispensable for the effective disaster risk management including policy planning • Need enhancing community’s awareness for the importance of their own initiatives Initiatives of community people have an impact on prompt recovery from damages and making community resilient to future disasters
7 CBDRRM Activities for Promotion of Implementation of the SFDRR (Sendai Framework for DRR) Priority 2: Disaster Risk GovernancePriority 1: Understanding Disaster Risk Build the knowledge of communities Use local knowledge and practices in disaster risk assessment and policy planning and implementation. Promote national strategies to strengthen public awareness in DRR Enhance collaboration to disseminate disaster risk information through the involvement of community-based organizations. Assign clear roles to community representatives in the decision-making process for DRRM Empower local authorities through financial means to work and coordinate with communities in DRRM at the local level Priority 4: Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response and to BBB Establish community centres for the promotion of public awareness and the stockpiling of necessary materials
8 Unnecessary evacuation actions and a lot of rumor and wrong information disseminated among residents after the Gorkha Earthquake, . -> Proper knowledge on earthquake should be understood by residents Inactive of the CDMC established before the earthquake -> Sustainability of the CBDRRM activities should be considered Implementation of the CBDRRM activities in the limited areas -> Systematic implementation as regular program by the municipality is necessary Good CBDRRM guideline “minimum characteristics” developed by the flagship 4 of the NRRC -> Utilization and continuous update of the guideline as a national basic guide is necessary Situation of the CBDRRM Activities in Nepal in 2015
9 CBDRRM Activities in the ERAKV Project WG2: Risk Assessment WG3: Pilot ActivitiesWG1: Hazard Assessment BBB Reconstruction Plan for Pilot Municipalities Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan Seismic Hazard Assessment Soil Investigation Emergency Response Chronicle Survey Standard Operation Procedures Building Damage and Inventory Survey Scenario Earthquake Seismic Risk Assessment Evaluation of the Results of 2002 Project Construction of Cut Model Safe Kathmandu Campaign CBDRRM Activitiesfeedback Original Components Supplement Components
10 Urgent Resilient and Safe Kathmandu Campaign July - October 2015 Activities:  Development and dissemination of brochure: 5,000 copies.  Implementation of workshops for the local DRM committees, etc. for Lalitpur, Bhaktapur and Budhanilkantha municipalities.  Development of radio awareness program and one month on air. WS in Lalitpur WS in Bhaktapur WS in Budhanilkantha Cover of Brochure
Flow and Targets of the CBDRRM Activities • CBDRRM Training for Municipality Officers and Relevant Stakeholders Step 1 (20-22 Feb. 2017 ) • CBDRRM Activities in a selected pilot ward in each pilot municipality Step 2 (Apr. – Oct. 2017) • Feedback to the Local DRRM Plans Step 3 (Nov. 2017– Jan. 2018) Pilot Wards Lalitpur SMC Ward-8 Budhanilkantha Ward-2 (former Ward 2 and 3) Bhaktapur Ward-3 (former Ward 13 and 16) (*due to restructuring of wards, the target areas were modified along with the changes)
Step 1: 3-day CBDRRM Training for Municipality Officers and Relevant Stakeholders: 20-22 February 2017 Result 30 participants from three pilot municipalities Enhanced capacities and ownerships of municipality officers on promoting CBDRRM activities in each municipality Created a basis for sustainable CBDRRM activities in each municipality with a sound understanding of the importance and needs of the activities of the municipality officers Lecture by MoFALD Exercise for Community DRR Mapping Discussion on Action Plan for Promoting CBDRRM Certificate Distribution by JS of MoFALD Step 1
1st Workshop (2 day) Learning Risk and DRRM System in Community 2nd Workshop (2 days) Formulation of Community- based DRRM Map 1) DRRM Town Watching (Field Survey by Community) 2) Community DRRM Mapping 3) Discussion on Evacuation Plan +Follow-up Activities (Jul-Aug) (Finalization of Map, Documentations, etc.) 3rd Workshop (1 day) Formulation of Action Plan/ DRRM Plan for Community 1) Disaster Response Plan for Community (Information Dissemination/ Response Teams/ Equipment and Stocks) 2) Discussion on Action Plans for Improving DRRM System and Conditions in Community 3) Ward-level DM Planning +Follow-up Activities (Sep-Oct) (Finalization of Plans, Approval procedure, etc.) 9 MCs: No. 2 & 3 9 MCs: No. 3, 4 & 9 9 MCs: No. 5, 6, 7 & 8 Risk Assessment Hazard & Risk Maps Local DRRM Plans Pre-Coordination: Coordination for Designation of the Participants (CDMC Members + @) 9 MCs*: No. 1 Basic Information *MCs: Minimum Characteristics of NRRC Flagship 4 Feedback April and July June-August August- September Step 2: Flow of the CBDRRM Activities in the Pilot Wards March A Community Activity based on Action Plan (each pilot ward) 1) Learning Earthquake Hazard and Risks 2) Learning Basics of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management 3) Review and Discussion on Community's Current Situation of DRRM and HVCA Assessment +Follow-up Activities ** (Apr-Jun) (Documentations, etc.) Step 2 **Follow-up Activities will be done by the selected members
Outcomes of the 1st Workshop: Hazard, Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment Ward 8, Lalitpur SUMMARY OF THE ASSESSMENT (the case of Ward 8, Lalitpur) • People of Ward-8 seems to be vulnerable to earthquake and fire, since the settlement pattern is quite traditional with narrow alleys and compact houses. • The Ward consists capacities regarding water sources in almost every communities but the sources are not well protected. • The community seems less sensitized on disaster preparedness and response plans. Furthermore, they need to develop DRR plan incorporating plans for proper mobilization of available resources and capacities. Ward2, Budhanilkantha Ward 3, Bhaktapur Ward2, Budhanilkantha
Outcomes of the 2nd Workshop (1) Enhancement of the Understanding of Community’s Disaster Risks through Town Watching Mapping of the Findings through the Town Watching Listening Local Information Confirmation of Risk Situation by themselves Sharing Risk Information among Participants Confirmation of the Community’s Capacity, such as Open Space Discussion on the Issues and Challenges for DRRM
Outcomes of the 2nd Workshop (2) 16 Community DRR Map for Ward 8, Lalitpur MC Lhola Chowk Ward Office Balkumari Temple Area Information in the Map: Risk Areas with Pictures, Community’s Capacity (Open Spaces, Water Supply, Ward Office, Hospital, etc.), Contact Information, etc.
Outcomes of the 3rd Workshop: Formulation of the Ward-level DRM Plan Priority Actions in the DRM Plans (the Case of Ward 8, Lalitpur)  Arrange a fire extinguisher in each Tole and organize firefighting training to generate response team within ward.  Storage of disaster response and relief materials like tarpaulins, ropes, rescue and first aid equipment near ward office.  Demolish and clear partially damaged and about to collapse buildings due to earthquake 2072 as soon as possible with community participation and support of municipality.  Protect available water sources, reservoir tanks and open spaces of ward, even if it is not in use. Cover and clean wells and open spaces at ward.  Sensitize community on safe building and building codes of municipality and organize awareness activities for disaster preparedness in community (schools, various groups and stakeholders.)  Form response and first aid team with ward and train them.  Establish disaster/emergency fund in ward.
Outcomes of the Workshops 18 DRR Carte for Ward 8, Lalitpur MC Community Profile Disaster History Disaster Vulnerability and Capacity Information on Earthquake Risk Priority on DRM Plans Info. on Open Space and Important Contacts
19 Follow-up Activities (1) (Implementation of one of the priority activities in the DRRM Plans) Prepositioning Emergency Mgmt Materials and Orientation on Operation and Maintenance of] k|df0f kqn] eQmk'/ gu/kflnsf, j8f g+= # df, hfkfg cGt/fli6«o ;xof]u lgof]u -hfOsf_ 4f/f ;x/L ljsf; dGqfno, u[x dGqfno, ;ª¥3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ;xsfo{ tyf jftfj/0f / hg:jf:Yo ;+:yf -PGkmf]_sf] ;dGjodf ;+rflnt æsf7df08f}F pkTosf e"sDk ljklQ hf]lvd d"NofÍg kl/of]hgfÆ cGt{ut ljkb¥ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf nflu cfkt¥sfnLg ;fdfu|Lx? cf}krf/Ls ?kdf x:tfGt/0f u/LPsf] lglZrt ub{5 . k|bfg ul/Psf ;fdfu|Lx?sf] k|of]u tyf Joj:yfkg æeQmk'/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= # sfof{noÆ n] tof/ Pj+ :jLsf/ u/]sf Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ x'g]5 . k|bfg ul/Psf ;fdu|Lx?sf] ljj/0f lgDg k|sf/ /x]sf 5g¥ . ======================================== lalkg 8+uf]n sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs jftfj/0f / hg:jf:Yo ;+:yf ======================================== /f]lh 6fsfxfl; sfo{qmd ;+of]hs hfOsf ERAKV kl/of]hgf ;d'x ======================================== o'j/fh ;'j]bL pk ;lrj ;ª¥3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno cfkt¥sfnLg ;fdfu|Lx?sf] ;"rL ;fdfu|L kl/df0f ;fdfu|L kl/df0f ;fdfu|L kl/df0f ;fdfu|L kl/df0f ;fdfu|L kl/df0f ;fdfu|L kl/df0f Pno"dLlgod e¥ofË $ j6f cfuf] lgoGq0f oGqsf] ;'/Iff afs; (j6f wft' sf6¥g] s}FrL $ j6f ;fj]n #) j6f ;f/f] ud a'6 kfgL ud a'6 !% j6f !% j6f cfuf] lgoGq0f oGq #) j6f un !) j6f xyf}+8f -x]Dd/_ $ j6f gfOng 8f]/L @ j6f :6«]r/ !) j6f kfgL tfGg] d]l;g @ j6f d]3fkmf]g @ j6f Pno"dLlgod e¥ofË @ j6f xyf}+8f -x]Dd/_ ^ j6f lks @) j6f l6g afs; @ j6f ;fdfu|L cf];fg]{ uf8f -XjLn Aof/f]_ ^ j6f PVC kfOk # /f]n Pdh]{G;L nfO6 @) j6f df:s * j6f ufO{v'/] !) j6f cf}hf/ ;]6 afs; ! j6f sfd ug{ k|of]u ug]{ kGhf ^) j6f sfd ug{ k|of]u ug]{ x]Nd]6 ^) j6f of] k|df0f kqn] nlntk'/ dxfgu/kflnsf, j8f g+= * df ul7t ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{, hfkfg cGt/fli6«o ;xof]u lgof]u - hfOsf_ 4f/f ;x/L ljsf; dGqfno, u[x dGqfno, ;ª¥3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ;xsfo{ tyf jftfj/0f / hg:jf:Yo ;+:yf -PGkmf]_sf] ;dGjodf ;+rflnt æsf7df08f}F pkTosf e"sDk ljklQ hf]lvd d"NofÍg kl/of]hgfÆ cGt{ut ljkb¥ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf nflu cfkt¥sfnLg ;fdfu|Lx? cf}krf/Ls ?kdf x:tfGt/0f u/LPsf] lglZrt ub{5 . k|bfg ul/Psf ;fdfu|Lx?sf] k|of]u tyf Joj:yfkg æ;fd'bflos ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt j8f g+= *, u'O6f]nÆ n] tof/ Pj+ :jLsf/ u/]sf Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ x'g]5 . k|bfg ul/Psf ;fdu|Lx?sf] ljj/0f lgDg k|sf/ /x]sf 5g¥ . cfkt¥sfnLg ;fdfu|Lx?sf] ;"rL ;fdfu|Lx? PsfO kl/df0f ;fdfu|Lx? PsfO kl/df0f un j6f 10 gfOng 8f]/L /f]n 20 cfuf] lgoGq0f oGq j6f 20 lks j6f 20 xfO8«f]lns Hofs j6f 10 ;fef]n j6f 20 e¥ofË j6f 10 :6]«r/ j6f 10 kf6f sf6¥g] s}+rL j6f 10 lqkfn j6f 100 ======================================== lalkg 8+uf]n sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs jftfj/0f / hg:jf:Yo ;+:yf ======================================== /f]lh 6fsfxfl; sfo{qmd ;+of]hs hfOsf ERAKV kl/of]hgf ;d'x ======================================== o'j/fh ;'j]bL pk ;lrj ;ª¥3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno of] k|df0f kqn] a"9flgns07 gu/kflnsf, j8f g+= @ df ul7t ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{, hfkfg cGt/fli6«o ;xof]u lgof]u - hfOsf_ 4f/f ;x/L ljsf; dGqfno, u[x dGqfno, ;ª¥3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ;xsfo{ tyf jftfj/0f / hg:jf:Yo ;+:yf -PGkmf]_sf] ;dGjodf ;+rflnt æsf7df08f}F pkTosf e"sDk ljklQ hf]lvd d"NofÍg kl/of]hgfÆ cGt{ut ljkb¥ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf nflu cfkt¥sfnLg ;fdfu|Lx? cf}krf/Ls ?kdf x:tfGt/0f u/LPsf] lglZrt ub{5 . k|bfg ul/Psf ;fdfu|Lx?sf] k|of]u tyf Joj:yfkg æ;fd'bflos ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt j8f g+= @Æ n] tof/ Pj+ :jLsf/ u/]sf Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ x'g]5 . k|bfg ul/Psf ;fdu|Lx?sf] ljj/0f lgDg k|sf/ /x]sf 5g¥ . ======================================== lalkg 8+uf]n sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs jftfj/0f / hg:jf:Yo ;+:yf ======================================== /f]lh 6fsfxfl; sfo{qmd ;+of]hs hfOsf ERAKV kl/of]hgf ;d'x ======================================= o'j/fh ;'j]bL pk ;lrj ;ª¥3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno cfkt¥sfnLg ;fdfu|Lx?sf] ;"rL ;fdfu|L kl/df0f ;fdfu|L kl/df0f ;fdfu|L kl/df0f ;fdfu|L kl/df0f ;nfO{F /]~r' @ j6f sf]bfnf] -rfF8]_ * j6f k'NnL ! j6f kfgL tfGg] d]l;g ! j6f Pno"dLlgod e¥ofË @ j6f df:s * j6f PVC kfOk # j6f ;fdfu|L cf];fg]{ uf8f -XjLn Aof/f]_ % j6f aGr/f] !) j6f d]3fkmf]g @ j6f /]gsf]6 * j6f sfd ug{ k|of]u ug]{ a'y * j6f Sof/flag/ ^ j6f wft' sf6¥g] s}FrL % j6f ;'/Iff l;ÝL * j6f sfd ug{ k|of]u ug]{ k~hf * j6f un $ j6f gfOng 8f]/L @ j6f ;fj]n !) j6f sfd ug{ k|of]u ug]{ x]Nd]6 * j6f l8:kf]h]an df:s ! j6f lks * j6f :6]6Ls 8f]/L @)) ld xfg]{; @ j6f l/rfh{Pan Pdh]{G;L nfO6 * j6f Knfl:6s aflN6g !) j6f :6«]r/ # j6f ufO{v'/] $ j6f lkmu/ * $ j6f Knfl:6s du @) j6f lqkfn 180 GSM /f]ndf # /f]n cf}hf/ ;]6 afs; ! ;]6 cfuf] lgoGq0f oGq !) j6f kf]6]{an h]g]/]6/ ! j6f lqkfn 250 GSM #) j6f xyf}+8f -x]Dd/_ @ j6f kf]6]{an 6]G6 ! j6f 6¥jfO{n]6 Kofg @% j6f Submission of Implementation Plan incl. List of the Items to be purchased, How to and who take care the items, etc. Procurement of the items Orientation Program for Proper Operation and Maintenance Handover Orientation and Handover Program Bhaktapur: 17 Dec. / Budhanilkantha: 19 Dec./ Lalitpur: 21 Dec. Certificate of Handover
20 Follow-up Activities (2) (Implementation of one of the priority activities in the DRRM Plans) List of DRM Equipment and Location for Ward 2, Budhanilkantha S.N. Materials Unit Qty 1 Adjustable wrench Nos 2 2 Aluminum Ladder Nos 2 3 Axe Nos 10 4 Carabiner Nos 6 5 Crowbar Pcs 4 6 Disposable mask Box 1 7 Emergency Light Pcs 8 8 Figure 8 Nos 4 9 Fire Extinguisher Pcs 10 10 Hammer Pcs 2 11 Harness Pcs 2 12 Hoe Nos 8 13 Mask Nos 8 14 Mega phone Nos 2 15 Metal cutting scissor Pcs 5 16 Nylon Rope Roll 2 17 Pick Pcs 8 18 Plastic bucket Nos 10 19 Plastic Mug Nos 20 20 Portable Generator Nos 1 21 Protable Tent Nos 1 22 Prybar Pcs 4 S.N. Materials Unit Qty 23 Pully Nos 1 24 PVC Flexible Pipe Roll 3 25 Raincoat for human resources Nos 8 26 Safety Whistle Nos 8 27 Shovel Pcs 10 28 Static rope Meter 200 29 Stretcher Pcs 3 30 Tarpauline sheet 180 gsm in roll Rolls 3 31 Tarpauline sheet 250 gsm Nos 30 32 Toilet Pan Nos 25 33 Tool Kit Box Nos 1 34 Water pump Nos 1 35 Wheel Barrow Nos 5 36 Working boot Pairs 8 37 Working Gloves nos 8 38 Working helmet Pcs 8  Operation and maintenance: Ward Office along with CDMC take care of all the prepositioned items. Location for all equipment Chapali Health Post
Explanation of DRM Tools Lecture on Extinguishing Fire Practical Exercise on Fire Extinguisher Exercise for Proper Use of Stretcher Explanation of Rope Works Review of Project Activities Handover of Approved DRM Plan Handover of DRM Tools and Equipment Participants of the Program
22 Evaluation of the CBDRRM Activities by the Participants (conducted at the final workshop in December) 42% 86% 68% 42% 4% 16% 17% 7% 16% 0% 4% 0% 0% 50% 100% Bhaktapur Budhanilkantha Lalitpur How did you feel about a series of the ERAKV Community DRRM Workshops? Very much useful Useful Fair Need to be improved 92% 90% 93% 4% 10% 3% 4% 0% 3% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Bhaktapur Budhanilkantha Lalitpur How do you think the distributed DRR Carte for your community? Useful for future DRR/ DRM activities or general understanding of DRR situation in the community A bit difficult to utilize/ understand 36% 86% 48% 48% 7% 42% 16% 7% 9% 0% 50% 100% Bhaktapur Budhanilkant… Lalitpur Could the series of the CBDRRM Workshops contribute to enhancing disaster resilience of your community? Yes Considerably Somewhat 0 20 40 Bhaktapur Budhanilkantha Lalitpur Female - Below 30 Female - 30-39 Female - 40-49 Female - 50-59 Male - Below 30 Male - 30-39 Male - 40-49 Male - 50-59 Male - Above 59 Age distribution of the Participants
23 Evaluation of the CBDRRM Activities by the Ward Representatives and Municipality Officers in Charge (Interview Survey from 3 persons of Budhanilkanta, 3 persons of Lalitpur, 2 persons of Bhaktapur) 100% Yes Did the ERAKV activities contribute the enhancement of the DRRM capacities of the community? 12.50% 87.50% Somehow Yes Do you think this kind of activities can be replicated in other wards in your municipality or in other parts of Nepal?  The project workshops and activities have motivated CDMC and developed positive attitude towards CBDRRM activities.  Direct participation of community people themselves and use of participatory tools like town watching is very good and I think this has turned workshops fruitful.  CDMC must disseminate knowledge to each households, communities and schools. Otherwise there will be no use of knowledge gained by CDMC members.  Due to the limitation of budget and institutionalization, activities related to DRR preparedness and implementation is difficult to conduct in the ward but the ward office is planning to allocate the budget endorsing Ward Level DRM plan in Municipality annual planning.  Still may need expert help and consultant to develop other DRR packages at community. Community had positive attitude towards workshops and disaster related activities, this enthusiasm will continue activities.
24 Update and promote of the guideline for the CBDRRM activities, such as “Minimum Characteristics of a Disaster Resilient Community in Nepal” proposed by the NRRC Flagship 4 Ensure sound understanding and active involvement of the representatives of the wards about the CBDRRM activities Consider promotion of the collaboration between the existing community groups and the CDMC Secure budget for the involvement of the NGOs or other organizations for the support of the implementation of the CBDRRM activities To Municipality Provide regular opportunities of the training for learning CBDRRM activities as well as the DRRM matters to municipality officers Increase the number of the municipality officers in charge of DRRM Ensure sustainable involvement of CBDRRM activities by the municipality Increase allocation of the regular budget for sustainable CBDRRM activities Recommendation for Promoting and Improving Future CBDRRM Activities Step 3
25 Towards Disaster Resilient Communities Let’s Empower Community People and Improve Initiatives of Communities! Thank you very much for your cooperation and active involvement!
5 erakv final_seminar_cbdrrm

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5 erakv final_seminar_cbdrrm

  • 1.
    T H EP R O J E C T F O R A S S E S S M E N T O F E A R T H Q U A K E D I S A S T E R R I S K F O R T H E K A T H M A N D U V A L L E Y I N N E P A L JICA Project team WG3: Pilot Activities Implementation of Community-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (CBDRRM) Activities Miki Kodama 14 February 2018 Final Public Seminar
  • 2.
    2 CBDRRM Activities inthe ERAKV Project Urgent Resilient and Safe Kathmandu Campaign Flow and Targets of the CBDRRM Activities Step 1: 3-day CBDRRM Training for Municipality Officers and Relevant Stakeholders Step 2: CBDRRM Activities in a Selected Ward Follow-up Activities of CBDRRM Recommendation for Promoting and Improving Future CBDRRM Activities Contents
  • 3.
    What is CBDRRM? (Community-BasedDisaster Risk Reduction and Management) Self-help by yourself Mutual-help in community Public-help by government To enhance capacities of community and community members to respond and to prepare for disasters Actors of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
  • 4.
    4 Why CBDRRM isrequired?(1) • Need proper knowledge on risks and actions to be taken in case of disasters for the community member Community members are the first responder of disasters. Initial response at the first stage sometimes determines results of disasters • Need pre-coordination and preparation among community members and with other stakeholder Mutual help can make big differences in the result of disasters • Need involvement community members in the DRRM planning Local knowledge is indispensable for the effective disaster risk management including policy planning • Need enhancing community’s awareness for the importance of their own initiatives Initiatives of community people have an impact on prompt recovery from damages and making community resilient to future disasters
  • 5.
    5 77% of therescued people (approx. 35,000) were saved by families or neighbors in case of Great Hanshin-Awaji EQ (occurred in 1995 in Japan). Enhancement of mutual help capacities can make big differences for saving people’s lives Family and neighbors, 77% Police, Fire Fighters, and Self Defense Force, 23% [Note] Public help cannot reach to community soon in case of large scale disasters Why CBDRRM is required? (2) Mutual Help is Important
  • 6.
    6 Why CBDRRM isrequired?(1) • Need proper knowledge on risks and actions to be taken in case of disasters for the community member Community members are the first responder of disasters. Initial response at the first stage sometimes determines results of disasters • Need pre-coordination and preparation among community members and with other stakeholder Mutual help can make big differences in the result of disasters • Need involvement community members in the DRRM planning Local knowledge is indispensable for the effective disaster risk management including policy planning • Need enhancing community’s awareness for the importance of their own initiatives Initiatives of community people have an impact on prompt recovery from damages and making community resilient to future disasters
  • 7.
    7 CBDRRM Activities forPromotion of Implementation of the SFDRR (Sendai Framework for DRR) Priority 2: Disaster Risk GovernancePriority 1: Understanding Disaster Risk Build the knowledge of communities Use local knowledge and practices in disaster risk assessment and policy planning and implementation. Promote national strategies to strengthen public awareness in DRR Enhance collaboration to disseminate disaster risk information through the involvement of community-based organizations. Assign clear roles to community representatives in the decision-making process for DRRM Empower local authorities through financial means to work and coordinate with communities in DRRM at the local level Priority 4: Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response and to BBB Establish community centres for the promotion of public awareness and the stockpiling of necessary materials
  • 8.
    8 Unnecessary evacuation actionsand a lot of rumor and wrong information disseminated among residents after the Gorkha Earthquake, . -> Proper knowledge on earthquake should be understood by residents Inactive of the CDMC established before the earthquake -> Sustainability of the CBDRRM activities should be considered Implementation of the CBDRRM activities in the limited areas -> Systematic implementation as regular program by the municipality is necessary Good CBDRRM guideline “minimum characteristics” developed by the flagship 4 of the NRRC -> Utilization and continuous update of the guideline as a national basic guide is necessary Situation of the CBDRRM Activities in Nepal in 2015
  • 9.
    9 CBDRRM Activities inthe ERAKV Project WG2: Risk Assessment WG3: Pilot ActivitiesWG1: Hazard Assessment BBB Reconstruction Plan for Pilot Municipalities Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan Seismic Hazard Assessment Soil Investigation Emergency Response Chronicle Survey Standard Operation Procedures Building Damage and Inventory Survey Scenario Earthquake Seismic Risk Assessment Evaluation of the Results of 2002 Project Construction of Cut Model Safe Kathmandu Campaign CBDRRM Activitiesfeedback Original Components Supplement Components
  • 10.
    10 Urgent Resilient andSafe Kathmandu Campaign July - October 2015 Activities:  Development and dissemination of brochure: 5,000 copies.  Implementation of workshops for the local DRM committees, etc. for Lalitpur, Bhaktapur and Budhanilkantha municipalities.  Development of radio awareness program and one month on air. WS in Lalitpur WS in Bhaktapur WS in Budhanilkantha Cover of Brochure
  • 11.
    Flow and Targetsof the CBDRRM Activities • CBDRRM Training for Municipality Officers and Relevant Stakeholders Step 1 (20-22 Feb. 2017 ) • CBDRRM Activities in a selected pilot ward in each pilot municipality Step 2 (Apr. – Oct. 2017) • Feedback to the Local DRRM Plans Step 3 (Nov. 2017– Jan. 2018) Pilot Wards Lalitpur SMC Ward-8 Budhanilkantha Ward-2 (former Ward 2 and 3) Bhaktapur Ward-3 (former Ward 13 and 16) (*due to restructuring of wards, the target areas were modified along with the changes)
  • 12.
    Step 1: 3-dayCBDRRM Training for Municipality Officers and Relevant Stakeholders: 20-22 February 2017 Result 30 participants from three pilot municipalities Enhanced capacities and ownerships of municipality officers on promoting CBDRRM activities in each municipality Created a basis for sustainable CBDRRM activities in each municipality with a sound understanding of the importance and needs of the activities of the municipality officers Lecture by MoFALD Exercise for Community DRR Mapping Discussion on Action Plan for Promoting CBDRRM Certificate Distribution by JS of MoFALD Step 1
  • 13.
    1st Workshop (2day) Learning Risk and DRRM System in Community 2nd Workshop (2 days) Formulation of Community- based DRRM Map 1) DRRM Town Watching (Field Survey by Community) 2) Community DRRM Mapping 3) Discussion on Evacuation Plan +Follow-up Activities (Jul-Aug) (Finalization of Map, Documentations, etc.) 3rd Workshop (1 day) Formulation of Action Plan/ DRRM Plan for Community 1) Disaster Response Plan for Community (Information Dissemination/ Response Teams/ Equipment and Stocks) 2) Discussion on Action Plans for Improving DRRM System and Conditions in Community 3) Ward-level DM Planning +Follow-up Activities (Sep-Oct) (Finalization of Plans, Approval procedure, etc.) 9 MCs: No. 2 & 3 9 MCs: No. 3, 4 & 9 9 MCs: No. 5, 6, 7 & 8 Risk Assessment Hazard & Risk Maps Local DRRM Plans Pre-Coordination: Coordination for Designation of the Participants (CDMC Members + @) 9 MCs*: No. 1 Basic Information *MCs: Minimum Characteristics of NRRC Flagship 4 Feedback April and July June-August August- September Step 2: Flow of the CBDRRM Activities in the Pilot Wards March A Community Activity based on Action Plan (each pilot ward) 1) Learning Earthquake Hazard and Risks 2) Learning Basics of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management 3) Review and Discussion on Community's Current Situation of DRRM and HVCA Assessment +Follow-up Activities ** (Apr-Jun) (Documentations, etc.) Step 2 **Follow-up Activities will be done by the selected members
  • 14.
    Outcomes of the1st Workshop: Hazard, Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment Ward 8, Lalitpur SUMMARY OF THE ASSESSMENT (the case of Ward 8, Lalitpur) • People of Ward-8 seems to be vulnerable to earthquake and fire, since the settlement pattern is quite traditional with narrow alleys and compact houses. • The Ward consists capacities regarding water sources in almost every communities but the sources are not well protected. • The community seems less sensitized on disaster preparedness and response plans. Furthermore, they need to develop DRR plan incorporating plans for proper mobilization of available resources and capacities. Ward2, Budhanilkantha Ward 3, Bhaktapur Ward2, Budhanilkantha
  • 15.
    Outcomes of the2nd Workshop (1) Enhancement of the Understanding of Community’s Disaster Risks through Town Watching Mapping of the Findings through the Town Watching Listening Local Information Confirmation of Risk Situation by themselves Sharing Risk Information among Participants Confirmation of the Community’s Capacity, such as Open Space Discussion on the Issues and Challenges for DRRM
  • 16.
    Outcomes of the2nd Workshop (2) 16 Community DRR Map for Ward 8, Lalitpur MC Lhola Chowk Ward Office Balkumari Temple Area Information in the Map: Risk Areas with Pictures, Community’s Capacity (Open Spaces, Water Supply, Ward Office, Hospital, etc.), Contact Information, etc.
  • 17.
    Outcomes of the3rd Workshop: Formulation of the Ward-level DRM Plan Priority Actions in the DRM Plans (the Case of Ward 8, Lalitpur)  Arrange a fire extinguisher in each Tole and organize firefighting training to generate response team within ward.  Storage of disaster response and relief materials like tarpaulins, ropes, rescue and first aid equipment near ward office.  Demolish and clear partially damaged and about to collapse buildings due to earthquake 2072 as soon as possible with community participation and support of municipality.  Protect available water sources, reservoir tanks and open spaces of ward, even if it is not in use. Cover and clean wells and open spaces at ward.  Sensitize community on safe building and building codes of municipality and organize awareness activities for disaster preparedness in community (schools, various groups and stakeholders.)  Form response and first aid team with ward and train them.  Establish disaster/emergency fund in ward.
  • 18.
    Outcomes of theWorkshops 18 DRR Carte for Ward 8, Lalitpur MC Community Profile Disaster History Disaster Vulnerability and Capacity Information on Earthquake Risk Priority on DRM Plans Info. on Open Space and Important Contacts
  • 19.
    19 Follow-up Activities (1) (Implementationof one of the priority activities in the DRRM Plans) Prepositioning Emergency Mgmt Materials and Orientation on Operation and Maintenance of] k|df0f kqn] eQmk'/ gu/kflnsf, j8f g+= # df, hfkfg cGt/fli6«o ;xof]u lgof]u -hfOsf_ 4f/f ;x/L ljsf; dGqfno, u[x dGqfno, ;ª¥3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ;xsfo{ tyf jftfj/0f / hg:jf:Yo ;+:yf -PGkmf]_sf] ;dGjodf ;+rflnt æsf7df08f}F pkTosf e"sDk ljklQ hf]lvd d"NofÍg kl/of]hgfÆ cGt{ut ljkb¥ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf nflu cfkt¥sfnLg ;fdfu|Lx? cf}krf/Ls ?kdf x:tfGt/0f u/LPsf] lglZrt ub{5 . k|bfg ul/Psf ;fdfu|Lx?sf] k|of]u tyf Joj:yfkg æeQmk'/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= # sfof{noÆ n] tof/ Pj+ :jLsf/ u/]sf Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ x'g]5 . k|bfg ul/Psf ;fdu|Lx?sf] ljj/0f lgDg k|sf/ /x]sf 5g¥ . ======================================== lalkg 8+uf]n sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs jftfj/0f / hg:jf:Yo ;+:yf ======================================== /f]lh 6fsfxfl; sfo{qmd ;+of]hs hfOsf ERAKV kl/of]hgf ;d'x ======================================== o'j/fh ;'j]bL pk ;lrj ;ª¥3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno cfkt¥sfnLg ;fdfu|Lx?sf] ;"rL ;fdfu|L kl/df0f ;fdfu|L kl/df0f ;fdfu|L kl/df0f ;fdfu|L kl/df0f ;fdfu|L kl/df0f ;fdfu|L kl/df0f Pno"dLlgod e¥ofË $ j6f cfuf] lgoGq0f oGqsf] ;'/Iff afs; (j6f wft' sf6¥g] s}FrL $ j6f ;fj]n #) j6f ;f/f] ud a'6 kfgL ud a'6 !% j6f !% j6f cfuf] lgoGq0f oGq #) j6f un !) j6f xyf}+8f -x]Dd/_ $ j6f gfOng 8f]/L @ j6f :6«]r/ !) j6f kfgL tfGg] d]l;g @ j6f d]3fkmf]g @ j6f Pno"dLlgod e¥ofË @ j6f xyf}+8f -x]Dd/_ ^ j6f lks @) j6f l6g afs; @ j6f ;fdfu|L cf];fg]{ uf8f -XjLn Aof/f]_ ^ j6f PVC kfOk # /f]n Pdh]{G;L nfO6 @) j6f df:s * j6f ufO{v'/] !) j6f cf}hf/ ;]6 afs; ! j6f sfd ug{ k|of]u ug]{ kGhf ^) j6f sfd ug{ k|of]u ug]{ x]Nd]6 ^) j6f of] k|df0f kqn] nlntk'/ dxfgu/kflnsf, j8f g+= * df ul7t ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{, hfkfg cGt/fli6«o ;xof]u lgof]u - hfOsf_ 4f/f ;x/L ljsf; dGqfno, u[x dGqfno, ;ª¥3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ;xsfo{ tyf jftfj/0f / hg:jf:Yo ;+:yf -PGkmf]_sf] ;dGjodf ;+rflnt æsf7df08f}F pkTosf e"sDk ljklQ hf]lvd d"NofÍg kl/of]hgfÆ cGt{ut ljkb¥ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf nflu cfkt¥sfnLg ;fdfu|Lx? cf}krf/Ls ?kdf x:tfGt/0f u/LPsf] lglZrt ub{5 . k|bfg ul/Psf ;fdfu|Lx?sf] k|of]u tyf Joj:yfkg æ;fd'bflos ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt j8f g+= *, u'O6f]nÆ n] tof/ Pj+ :jLsf/ u/]sf Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ x'g]5 . k|bfg ul/Psf ;fdu|Lx?sf] ljj/0f lgDg k|sf/ /x]sf 5g¥ . cfkt¥sfnLg ;fdfu|Lx?sf] ;"rL ;fdfu|Lx? PsfO kl/df0f ;fdfu|Lx? PsfO kl/df0f un j6f 10 gfOng 8f]/L /f]n 20 cfuf] lgoGq0f oGq j6f 20 lks j6f 20 xfO8«f]lns Hofs j6f 10 ;fef]n j6f 20 e¥ofË j6f 10 :6]«r/ j6f 10 kf6f sf6¥g] s}+rL j6f 10 lqkfn j6f 100 ======================================== lalkg 8+uf]n sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs jftfj/0f / hg:jf:Yo ;+:yf ======================================== /f]lh 6fsfxfl; sfo{qmd ;+of]hs hfOsf ERAKV kl/of]hgf ;d'x ======================================== o'j/fh ;'j]bL pk ;lrj ;ª¥3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno of] k|df0f kqn] a"9flgns07 gu/kflnsf, j8f g+= @ df ul7t ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{, hfkfg cGt/fli6«o ;xof]u lgof]u - hfOsf_ 4f/f ;x/L ljsf; dGqfno, u[x dGqfno, ;ª¥3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ;xsfo{ tyf jftfj/0f / hg:jf:Yo ;+:yf -PGkmf]_sf] ;dGjodf ;+rflnt æsf7df08f}F pkTosf e"sDk ljklQ hf]lvd d"NofÍg kl/of]hgfÆ cGt{ut ljkb¥ hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf nflu cfkt¥sfnLg ;fdfu|Lx? cf}krf/Ls ?kdf x:tfGt/0f u/LPsf] lglZrt ub{5 . k|bfg ul/Psf ;fdfu|Lx?sf] k|of]u tyf Joj:yfkg æ;fd'bflos ljkb¥ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt j8f g+= @Æ n] tof/ Pj+ :jLsf/ u/]sf Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ x'g]5 . k|bfg ul/Psf ;fdu|Lx?sf] ljj/0f lgDg k|sf/ /x]sf 5g¥ . ======================================== lalkg 8+uf]n sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs jftfj/0f / hg:jf:Yo ;+:yf ======================================== /f]lh 6fsfxfl; sfo{qmd ;+of]hs hfOsf ERAKV kl/of]hgf ;d'x ======================================= o'j/fh ;'j]bL pk ;lrj ;ª¥3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno cfkt¥sfnLg ;fdfu|Lx?sf] ;"rL ;fdfu|L kl/df0f ;fdfu|L kl/df0f ;fdfu|L kl/df0f ;fdfu|L kl/df0f ;nfO{F /]~r' @ j6f sf]bfnf] -rfF8]_ * j6f k'NnL ! j6f kfgL tfGg] d]l;g ! j6f Pno"dLlgod e¥ofË @ j6f df:s * j6f PVC kfOk # j6f ;fdfu|L cf];fg]{ uf8f -XjLn Aof/f]_ % j6f aGr/f] !) j6f d]3fkmf]g @ j6f /]gsf]6 * j6f sfd ug{ k|of]u ug]{ a'y * j6f Sof/flag/ ^ j6f wft' sf6¥g] s}FrL % j6f ;'/Iff l;ÝL * j6f sfd ug{ k|of]u ug]{ k~hf * j6f un $ j6f gfOng 8f]/L @ j6f ;fj]n !) j6f sfd ug{ k|of]u ug]{ x]Nd]6 * j6f l8:kf]h]an df:s ! j6f lks * j6f :6]6Ls 8f]/L @)) ld xfg]{; @ j6f l/rfh{Pan Pdh]{G;L nfO6 * j6f Knfl:6s aflN6g !) j6f :6«]r/ # j6f ufO{v'/] $ j6f lkmu/ * $ j6f Knfl:6s du @) j6f lqkfn 180 GSM /f]ndf # /f]n cf}hf/ ;]6 afs; ! ;]6 cfuf] lgoGq0f oGq !) j6f kf]6]{an h]g]/]6/ ! j6f lqkfn 250 GSM #) j6f xyf}+8f -x]Dd/_ @ j6f kf]6]{an 6]G6 ! j6f 6¥jfO{n]6 Kofg @% j6f Submission of Implementation Plan incl. List of the Items to be purchased, How to and who take care the items, etc. Procurement of the items Orientation Program for Proper Operation and Maintenance Handover Orientation and Handover Program Bhaktapur: 17 Dec. / Budhanilkantha: 19 Dec./ Lalitpur: 21 Dec. Certificate of Handover
  • 20.
    20 Follow-up Activities (2) (Implementationof one of the priority activities in the DRRM Plans) List of DRM Equipment and Location for Ward 2, Budhanilkantha S.N. Materials Unit Qty 1 Adjustable wrench Nos 2 2 Aluminum Ladder Nos 2 3 Axe Nos 10 4 Carabiner Nos 6 5 Crowbar Pcs 4 6 Disposable mask Box 1 7 Emergency Light Pcs 8 8 Figure 8 Nos 4 9 Fire Extinguisher Pcs 10 10 Hammer Pcs 2 11 Harness Pcs 2 12 Hoe Nos 8 13 Mask Nos 8 14 Mega phone Nos 2 15 Metal cutting scissor Pcs 5 16 Nylon Rope Roll 2 17 Pick Pcs 8 18 Plastic bucket Nos 10 19 Plastic Mug Nos 20 20 Portable Generator Nos 1 21 Protable Tent Nos 1 22 Prybar Pcs 4 S.N. Materials Unit Qty 23 Pully Nos 1 24 PVC Flexible Pipe Roll 3 25 Raincoat for human resources Nos 8 26 Safety Whistle Nos 8 27 Shovel Pcs 10 28 Static rope Meter 200 29 Stretcher Pcs 3 30 Tarpauline sheet 180 gsm in roll Rolls 3 31 Tarpauline sheet 250 gsm Nos 30 32 Toilet Pan Nos 25 33 Tool Kit Box Nos 1 34 Water pump Nos 1 35 Wheel Barrow Nos 5 36 Working boot Pairs 8 37 Working Gloves nos 8 38 Working helmet Pcs 8  Operation and maintenance: Ward Office along with CDMC take care of all the prepositioned items. Location for all equipment Chapali Health Post
  • 21.
    Explanation of DRMTools Lecture on Extinguishing Fire Practical Exercise on Fire Extinguisher Exercise for Proper Use of Stretcher Explanation of Rope Works Review of Project Activities Handover of Approved DRM Plan Handover of DRM Tools and Equipment Participants of the Program
  • 22.
    22 Evaluation of theCBDRRM Activities by the Participants (conducted at the final workshop in December) 42% 86% 68% 42% 4% 16% 17% 7% 16% 0% 4% 0% 0% 50% 100% Bhaktapur Budhanilkantha Lalitpur How did you feel about a series of the ERAKV Community DRRM Workshops? Very much useful Useful Fair Need to be improved 92% 90% 93% 4% 10% 3% 4% 0% 3% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Bhaktapur Budhanilkantha Lalitpur How do you think the distributed DRR Carte for your community? Useful for future DRR/ DRM activities or general understanding of DRR situation in the community A bit difficult to utilize/ understand 36% 86% 48% 48% 7% 42% 16% 7% 9% 0% 50% 100% Bhaktapur Budhanilkant… Lalitpur Could the series of the CBDRRM Workshops contribute to enhancing disaster resilience of your community? Yes Considerably Somewhat 0 20 40 Bhaktapur Budhanilkantha Lalitpur Female - Below 30 Female - 30-39 Female - 40-49 Female - 50-59 Male - Below 30 Male - 30-39 Male - 40-49 Male - 50-59 Male - Above 59 Age distribution of the Participants
  • 23.
    23 Evaluation of theCBDRRM Activities by the Ward Representatives and Municipality Officers in Charge (Interview Survey from 3 persons of Budhanilkanta, 3 persons of Lalitpur, 2 persons of Bhaktapur) 100% Yes Did the ERAKV activities contribute the enhancement of the DRRM capacities of the community? 12.50% 87.50% Somehow Yes Do you think this kind of activities can be replicated in other wards in your municipality or in other parts of Nepal?  The project workshops and activities have motivated CDMC and developed positive attitude towards CBDRRM activities.  Direct participation of community people themselves and use of participatory tools like town watching is very good and I think this has turned workshops fruitful.  CDMC must disseminate knowledge to each households, communities and schools. Otherwise there will be no use of knowledge gained by CDMC members.  Due to the limitation of budget and institutionalization, activities related to DRR preparedness and implementation is difficult to conduct in the ward but the ward office is planning to allocate the budget endorsing Ward Level DRM plan in Municipality annual planning.  Still may need expert help and consultant to develop other DRR packages at community. Community had positive attitude towards workshops and disaster related activities, this enthusiasm will continue activities.
  • 24.
    24 Update and promoteof the guideline for the CBDRRM activities, such as “Minimum Characteristics of a Disaster Resilient Community in Nepal” proposed by the NRRC Flagship 4 Ensure sound understanding and active involvement of the representatives of the wards about the CBDRRM activities Consider promotion of the collaboration between the existing community groups and the CDMC Secure budget for the involvement of the NGOs or other organizations for the support of the implementation of the CBDRRM activities To Municipality Provide regular opportunities of the training for learning CBDRRM activities as well as the DRRM matters to municipality officers Increase the number of the municipality officers in charge of DRRM Ensure sustainable involvement of CBDRRM activities by the municipality Increase allocation of the regular budget for sustainable CBDRRM activities Recommendation for Promoting and Improving Future CBDRRM Activities Step 3
  • 25.
    25 Towards Disaster ResilientCommunities Let’s Empower Community People and Improve Initiatives of Communities! Thank you very much for your cooperation and active involvement!