5)pontic and pontic designs [Autosaved].pptx

PONTIC AND DIFFERENT
PONTIC DESIGNS
Presented by Dr. Raksha S .B
2nd
yr MDS,
CODS, Davangere
Guided by Dr. Veena S Prakash ma’a
Professor
CODS, Davangere.

1.Introduction
2.Definition
3.History
4.Requirements of Pontic
5.Pretreatment assessment
6.Classification of pontic
designs
7.Pontic selection
8.Prefabricated pontics
9.Sanitary/Hygienic pontic
Table of Contents

10. Saddle/ridge-lap pontics
11. Modified ridge-lap pontic
12. Conical pontic
13. Ovate pontic
14. Modified ovate pontic
15. Considerations for pontic design
16. Pontic fabrication
17. Postinsertion hygiene
18. Review of literature
19. Conclusion
20. References

● The dental arch is in a state of
dynamic equilibrium with the teeth
supporting each other.
● When a tooth is lost, the structural
integrity of the dental arch is disrupted
and there is a subsequent realignment
of teeth until a new state of
equilibrium is achieved.
1.
Introduction
Mansi Manish Oswal, Manish Sohan Oswa. Unconventional pontics in Fixed Partial Dentures. J Dent Allied Sci

●Hence, it is very essential to replace
this lost tooth as early as possible.
● This can be achieved with the help of
a fixed partial denture.
●The restorations of edentulous areas
with fixed partial dentures (FPDs)
present a particular challenge for the
clinician.
Mansi Manish Oswal, Manish Sohan Oswa. Unconventional pontics in Fixed Partial Dentures. J Dent Allied
Sci 2016;5:84-8

What is a PONTIC?
• The word Pontic is derived from the
Latin “pons” meaning bridge.
• The Pontic or an artificial tooth is
the main component of a fixed
partial denture.
Herbert T. Shillingburg. Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics -Third Edition

The design of
the prosthetic
tooth will be
dictated by,
esthetics
function
ease of
cleaning
maintenance
of healthy
tissue on the
edentulous
ridge
patient
comfort
Herbert T. Shillingburg. Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics -Third Edition

2. Definition
FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE
any dental prosthesis that is luted, screwed, or mechanically
attached or otherwise securely retained to natural teeth, tooth
roots, and/or dental implants/abutments that furnish the primary
support for the dental prosthesis and restoring teeth in a partially
edentulous arch; it cannot be removed by the patient.
-GPT 10

PONTIC
“an artificial tooth on a fixed partial denture that replaces a
missing natural tooth, restores its function, and usually restores
the space previously occupied by the clinical crown.”
-GPT 10
“the artificial teeth of a fixed partial dental prosthesis that
replaces the missing natural teeth, restoring function and
appearance.”
-Rosensteil

The pontic is defined as “the artificial tooth suspended from the
abutment teeth.”
- Schillinburg
“The suspended member of a fixed partial denture or bridge,
replacing the lost natural tooth, restoring its function, and
usually occupying the space of the missing natural tooth.”
- Tylman

3. History
1923 1928 1936
• PHOENICIANS the first to construct dental bridges - calf bone
or ivory.
MANCY laid
the
foundation to
present day
FPD design
PIERRE
FAUCHARD , In his
work in the field of
FPD he used what
he called ‘Tenons’
which were in
reality dowels or
pivots screwed into
the roots.
SELBURG -
gold or
porcelain

4. Requirements of
Pontics
restore the
function
ensure its
sanitation
meet the
demands of
esthetics
and comfort
Be
biologically
acceptable
Tylman’s Theory and practice of Fixed Prosthodontics. William F.P.Malone,8th
edn.

5. Pretreatment
assessment
diagnost
ic casts
waxing
procedur
es
In the
treatment-
planning
phase,
Contemporary fixed prosthodontics; Rosenstiel 5th edition.

1) Pontic Space
One function of FPD is to prevent tilting or
drifting of the adjacent teeth into the
edentulous space.
If Drifting / tilting
Reduced pontic space
Difficulty in fabricating pontic

Esthetic Zone
• Orthodontic
alignment
• Abutment
modification with
complete coverage
retainers
Unesthetic Zone
• Overly small pontics
are unacceptable ,
• Trap food
• Difficult to clean
Careful diagnostic
waxing procedures
determine the
most appropriate
treatment

NOTE:
-When orthodontic repositioning is not
possible, increasing the proximal contours
of adjacent teeth better than making an
FPD with undersized pontics.
-If there is no functional or esthetic deficit
the space can be maintained without
prosthodontic intervention

2) RESIDUAL RIDGE CONTOUR
Features of ideal ridge contours:
• Smooth and regular surface of
attached gingiva - facilitates
plaque-free environment.
• Sufficient height and width –
mimics adjacent tooth contours
– appear to emerge from the
ridge.
• Facially, it must be free of
frenum attachment

Loss of residual ridge contour,
Contemporary fixed prosthodontics; Rosenstiel 5th
edition.
• Unesthetic open gingival
embrasures -“black triangles”
• food impaction
• percolation of saliva during
speech

Siebert’s classification of residual ridge deformity
(1983) Class N - Normal Class I – Facio-lingual bone
loss
Class II – Apico-coronal bone
loss
Class III - Combination
---- -------
Contemporary fixed prosthodontics; Rosenstiel 5TH
edition.

Adapted from Edelhoff D, et al: A review of esthetic pontic design options.
Quintessence Int 33:736, 2002
The incidence of residual ridge deformity after anterior tooth loss
is high (91%).

Management
of ridge
deformity
Surgical
modificatio
n
Class I-
pouch
technique
or roll
technique
Class II-
Interpositiona
l graft
Class II and
III-
Onlay graft
edition.

a) Roll Technique
• Indicated - Seiberts Class I defects
edition.
• Soft tissue from the lingual side
of the edentulous site is used.
• The epithelium is removed, and
the tissue is thinned and rolled
back upon itself, thereby
thickening the facial aspect of
the residual ridge.

Niraj Mishra et al. Improving prosthetic prognosis by connective tissue ridge augmentation of alveolar ridge.
Indian J Dent Res, 21(1), 2010
Intraoral view -CLASS I DEFECT Incision placed Mucosal flap elevation
Flap rolled back
Sutured flap Fixed partial denture with natural
looking esthetic pontics

b) Pouch Technique
• Indicated - Seiberts Class I
defects
• Pouches may also be prepared
in the facial aspect of the
residual ridge into which
subepithelial or submucosal
grafts harvested from the
palate or tuberosity may be
inserted.
edition.

Sarita Joshi Narayan et al. Soft tissue development around pontic site: A case series. J Indian
Prosthodont Soc 2016;16:298-302.
Intraoral view -CLASS I DEFECT
Connective tissue graft was
harvested from palate
graft being pouched into the
buccal pouch
Sutures placed One month follow-up increased bucco-palatal ridge
dimensions

c) Interpositional Graft
• Indicated - Seiberts Class II
defects
• A wedge-shaped connective
tissue graft is inserted into a
pouch preparation on the
facial aspect of the residual
ridge.
• The epithelial portion of the
wedge may be positioned
coronally to the surrounding
epithelium if an increase of
edition.

d) Onlay Graft
• Indicated - Seiberts Class
III defects
• The onlay graft is designed
to increase ridge height
but also contributes to
ridge width, which makes
it useful for treating class
III ridge defects.
• It is a thick “free gingival
graft” harvested from
partial- or full-thickness
edition.

Ridge deficiency in vertical and horizontal
dimensions
pouch created to receive the
onlay graft.
Onlay graft being harvested
graft sutured at the recipient site. after 1 month follow up 1 year follow up with final
PFM bridge
Devanand Shetty et al. A Case Report of Ridge Augmentation using Onlay Interpositional Graft: An
Approach to Improve Prosthetic Prognosis of a Deficit Ridge. Adv Hum Biol 2014; 4(1):44-50

3) Gingival Architecture Preservation
Gingival architecture/ Socket can
be preserved by: i) Interim FDP
ii) Orthodontic
Extrusion
iii) Root
submergence
edition.

1.i) Interim FDP
• Preparing the abutment teeth before the extraction is
the preferred technique.
• An interim FDP can be fabricated indirectly, ready for
immediate insertion.
• The tissue side of the pontic should be an ovate form
and extend approximately 2.5 mm apical to the facial
free gingival margin of the extraction socket.
edition.

edition.

ii) Orthodontic Extrusion
• Light forces are used to extrude the teeth destined to
be extracted.
• As the teeth are extruded, apposition of bone occurs
at the root apex, thereby filling the socket with bone
as the tooth is slowly extracted orthodontically.
• DISADVANTAGES -
1) additional time
2) expense
edition.

iii) Root submergence
• It involves the resection of the tooth crown and the
subsequent covering of the remaining root with a
gingival flap.
• The technique has been performed with vital and
nonvital roots.
edition.

6. PONTIC DESIGN
CLASSIFICATION
1) Based on the
contact with oral
mucosa,
mucosal contact
1. Ridge lap
2. Modified ridge
lap
4. Conical
3. Ovate
no mucosal
contact
1. Sanitary
(hygienic)
2. Modified
sanitary
(hygienic)
edition.

2) Based on shape of surface contacting the ridge
1) Sanitary
2) Modified sanitary
3) Spheroidal
4) Saddle
5) Ridge lap
6) Modified ridge
lap
7) ovate
edn.

3) Based on type of material used
1) metal and porcelain veneered pontic
2) metal and resin veneered pontic
3) all metal pontic
4) all ceramic pontic
edn.

4) Based on
the method
of
fabrication
Custo
m
made
Ponti
c
Prefabricated
Pontic
• Trupontic
• Sanitary facing pontic
• Pin-facing pontic
• Modified pin-facing pontic
• Reverse pin-facing pontic
• Pontips
• Flat back/interchangeable
facing pontic
• Porcelain fused to metal
facing
• Harmony facing pontic
edn.

7) PONTIC
SELECTION
• Pontic selection primarily depends on esthetics and
oral hygiene.
• There are specifications for Pontic design incase of
1. Anterior region
2. Posterior region

Anterior Pontic Design.
1. All surfaces should be convex,
smooth, and properly finished.
2. Contact with the labial mucosa -
minimal (pinpoint) and pressure free
(lap facing). Esthetics may require a
long area of contact to prevent the
“black space” appearance
3. The lingual contour should be in
harmony with adjacent teeth or
pontics.
R. sheldon stein et al. Pontic-residual ridge relationship : a research report. J. Pros. Den.1966;16:251

Posterior Pontic Design.
• All surfaces - convex, smooth, and properly
finished.
• Contact with the buccal contiguous slope -
minimal (pinpoint) and pressure-free
(modified ridge lap).
• The occlusal table - functional harmony with
the occlusion of all of the teeth.
• The buccal and lingual shunting mechanisms
- conform to those of the adjacent teeth.
• The over-all length buccal surface = to that of
the adjacent abutments or pontics.
R. sheldon stein et al. Pontic-residual ridge relationship : a research report. J. Pros. Den.1966;16:251

8) PREFABRICATED PONTIC
FACINGS
These are commercially available porcelain pontics that can be
altered by dentists and reglazed, if necessary.
A) TRUPONTIC – A horizontal tubular
slot in the center of the lingual surface
of the facing.
B) INTERCHANGEABLE FACINGS/FLAT
BACK FACING– Manufactured with
vertical slot running down the flat
lingual surface, this facing is retained
with a lug which engages the retention
slot.
edn.

C)SANITARY PONTIC- flat occlusal
surface and a slot on the proximal
surface to fit into the metal
projections made in the FDP
D) PIN FACING – A flat lingual facing
with two horizontal pins for
retention
E) MODIFIED PIN FACING FACING -
modified by adding porcelain to
lingual gingival area of a pin facing
edn.

F)REVERSE PIN FACING – Porcelain
denture teeth can be modified to be
used as the bridge facing. Porcelain
is added to the gingival end of the
facing and multiple precision pin
holes are drilled into the lingual
surface.
G) HARMONY FACING - This facing
is supplied with an uncontoured
porcelain gingival surface and
usually two retentive pins on the flat
lingual side
edn.

H) PORCELAIN FUSED TO METAL
FACING - Facing consists of a metal
core over which porcelain is fused.
I) PONTIPS : Convex gingival
surface having pinpoint tissue
contact and attached to the backing
occlusally with retentive pins.
edn.

9) SANITARY OR HYGIENIC
PONTIC
• Zero tissue contact
• Occlusalgingival thickness should be atleast 3mm.
• Convex mesiodistally and faciolingually
• Space beneath the pontic - 2mm ( Rosenstiel)
- 3 mm ( Tylman)
• Adequate space for cleaning
Contemporary fixed prosthodontics; Rosenstiel 5th edition

MODIFIED SANITARY PONTIC:-
• Gingival portion is shaped like a
concave archway mesiodistally
between the retainers and
convex faciolingually.
• Allows increased connector size
while decreasing the stress
concentrated in the pontic and
connectors.
• Recommended for mandibular
posteriors

10. SADDLE / RIDGE-LAP PONTICS
• The saddle pontic has a concave fitting surface that
overlaps the residual ridge buccolingually, simulating the
contours and emergence profile of the missing tooth on
both sides of the residual ridge.

• Saddle or ridge-lap designs should be avoided.
• Concave gingival surface of the pontic is not accessible to
cleaning with dental floss >> plaque accumulation >> tissue
inflammation.

11. MODIFIED RIDGE-LAP PONTIC
• The modified ridge-lap pontic combines the best features of the
hygienic and saddle pontic designs, combining esthetics with
easy cleaning. • overlaps the residual ridge on
the facial side (to achieve the
appearance of a tooth emerging
from the gingiva)
• clear of the ridge on the lingual
side

• Tissue contact should resemble a
letter T whose vertical arm ends at
the crest of the ridge.
• Facial ridge adaptation is essential
for a natural appearance
• The most common pontic form used in areas of the mouth that
are visible during function
• maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and maxillary
premolars and first molars.

12. CONICAL
PONTIC
• egg-shaped, bullet-shaped, or heart-
shaped, the conical pontic.
• convex as possible and should have
only one point of contact: at the center
of the residual ridge
• recommended for the replacement of
mandibular posterior teeth

• The facial and lingual contours are
dependent on the width of the residual
ridge.
• A knife-edged residual ridge
necessitates flatter contours with a
narrow tissue contact area.
• This type of design may be unsuitable
for broad residual ridges because the
emergence profile associated with the
small tissue contact point may create
areas of food entrapment.

13. OVATE PONTIC
• most esthetically appealing
• Its convex tissue surface resides in
a soft tissue depression or hollow
in the residual ridge, which makes
it appear that a tooth is literally
emerging from the gingiva.

• SOCKET-PRESERVATION TECHNIQUES
should be performed at the time of
extraction to create the tissue recess
from which the ovate pontic form will
appear to emerge.
• For a preexisting residual ridge, surgical
augmentation of the soft tissue is
typically required. When an adequate
volume of ridge tissue is established, a
SOCKET DEPRESSION is sculpted into the
ridge with surgical diamonds,
electrosurgery, or a dental laser.

special impression techniques can
be used.
NOTE:
The socket depression, with its
pseudopapillae, requires the support
of the interim ovate pontic and will
collapse when the interim restoration
is removed before an impression is
made.
To prevent this

- This article describes a safe and effective impression technique for
use when fabricating ovate pontics.
- In this method, the provisional restoration is used for easy and
accurate transfer of the tissue features to the cast, avoiding tissue
collapse caused by the removal of the provisional FPD and tissue
compression produced by the impression material.

sculpted alveolar mucosa Provisional FPD inside impression
Framework on silicone cast.
Pontic site reproduced with
acrylic resin
cast with removable silicone artificial gingiva Definitive restoration placed intraorally.

ADVANTAGES
• not susceptible to food
impaction.
• The broad convex geometry
is stronger
• accessible to dental floss.
DISADVANTAGES
• surgical tissue
management
• Cost

14. MODIFIED OVATE
PONTIC
• Liu described a modified version of the
ovate pontic
• It possesses an ovate form with the apex
positioned more facially on the residual
ridge, rather than at the crest of the
ridge.
• Used - horizontal ridge width is not
sufficient for a conventional ovate pontic

15. CONSIDERATIONS FOR PONTIC
DESIGN
■ Biologic, mechanical, and esthetic
considerations
for successful pontic design.

BIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS
• The biologic principles of pontic design pertain to the
maintenance and preservation of the residual ridge,
abutment and opposing teeth, and supporting tissues.
• Factors of specific influence are
1. Ridge
Contact
2. Oral
Hygiene
Consideratio
ns
3. Pontic
Material
4. Occlusal
Forces

1. Ridge Contact
• Pressure-free contact between the pontic
and the underlying tissues prevents
ulceration and inflammation of the soft
tissues
• When a pontic rests on mucosa, some
ulcerations may appear as a result of the
normal movement of the mucosa in contact
with the pontic.
• Positive ridge pressure (hyperpressure) may
be caused by excessive scraping of the ridge
area on the definitive cast

2. Oral Hygiene Considerations
Ridge
irritation
microbial plaque,
which accumulate
between the
gingival surface of
the pontic and the
residual ridge
tissue
inflammation
and calculus
formation
Normally, where tissue contact occurs, the
gingival surface of a pontic is inaccessible
to the bristles of a toothbrush.
Therefore, the patient must develop
excellent hygiene habits

• Devices such as proxy brushes, pipe
cleaners, Oral-B Super Floss and dental
floss with a threader are highly
recommended
• Gingival embrasures around the pontic
should be wide enough to allow oral
hygiene aids

3. Pontic material
• Pontic should provide
Good
esthetic
Biocomp
a-tibility
Rigidity
Strengt
h
Longevit
y
• Occlusal contacts should not fall on the junction between metal
and porcelain during centric or eccentric tooth contacts, nor
should a metal-ceramic junction be in contact with the residual
ridge on the gingival surface of the pontic.

• Investigations into the biocompatibility of
materials used to fabricate pontics have
centered on two factors:
• Well-polished gold is smoother, less prone to
corrosion, and less retentive of plaque than is
an unpolished or porous casting.
(1) the effect of the materials
and
(2) the effects of surface
adherence

• For easier plaque removal and biocompatibility, the tissue
surface of the pontic should be made in glazed porcelain
• However, ceramic tissue contact may be contraindicated in
edentulous areas where there is minimal distance between
the residual ridge and the occlusal table.

4. Occlusal Forces
I. Reducing the buccolingual width
of the pontic by as much as 30%
has been suggested
II. 12% increase in chewing efficiency
can be expected from a one-third
reduction of pontic width
III. Narrowing the occlusal surface
may actually impede or even
preclude the development of a
harmonious and stable occlusal
relationship.

iv. It may cause difficulties in plaque
control and may not provide proper
cheek support
v. Pontics with normal occlusal widths (at
least in the occlusal third) are generally
recommended.
vi. One exception is the situation in which
the residual alveolar ridge has collapsed
buccolingually. Reducing pontic width may
then be desired and would thereby lessen
the lingual contour and facilitate plaque-
control measures.

MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS
• Mechanical problems may be caused by,
poor
occlusion
poor
tooth
preparati
on
poor
framewo
rk
design
improp
er
choice
of
material
s
• Therefore, evaluating the likely forces on a pontic and
designing accordingly are important. For example, a strong
all-metal pontic, rather than a metal-ceramic pontic may be
needed in high-stress situations, in which it would be more
susceptible to fracture.

Metal-Ceramic Pontics.
• A well-fabricated metal-ceramic pontic is
strong, is easy to keep clean, and looks
natural.
• The framework must provide a uniform
veneer of porcelain (approximately 1.2
mm)
• The metal surfaces to be veneered must
be smooth and free of pits.

• Sharp angles on the veneering area should be
rounded.
• Occlusal centric contacts must be placed at least 1.5
mm away from the junction.

Resin-Veneered Pontics
• Resistance to abrasion was lower
than that of enamel or porcelain.
• No chemical bond existed
between the resin and the metal
framework
• Continuous dimensional change
of the veneers often caused
leakage at the metal-resin
interface, with subsequent
discoloration of the restoration
New-generation indirect
resins
High flexural strength,
minimal polymerization
shrinkage, and wear rates
comparable with those of
tooth enamel.

Fiber-Reinforced Composite Resin Pontics
• Composite resins can be used in partial
FDPs without a metal substructure
• A substructure matrix of impregnated
glass or polymer fiber provides
structural strength.
• excellent marginal adaptation and
esthetic.

ESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS
No matter how well biologic and mechanical principles have
been followed during fabrication, the patient evaluates the result
by how it looks, especially when anterior teeth have been
replaced.
It involves,
Gingival
interface
Incisogingival
length
Mesiodist
al width

1. The Gingival Interface
• An esthetically successful pontic replicates
the form, contours, incisal edge, gingival
and incisal embrasures, and color of
adjacent teeth.
• The pontic’s simulation of a natural tooth is
most often betrayed at the tissue-pontic
junction.
• To achieve a “natural” appearance, special
attention should be paid to the contour of
the labial surface as it approaches the
tissue-pontic junction

• This cannot be accomplished by merely
duplication of the facial contour of the
missing tooth
• If the original tooth contour were followed,
the pontic would look unnaturally long
incisogingivally

• Special care must be taken when
studying where shadows fall around
natural teeth, particularly around
the gingival margin.
• If a pontic is poorly adapted to the
residual ridge, there will be an
unnatural shadow in the cervical
area >> spoils the illusion of a
natural tooth.
• Recesses occurring at the gingival
interface collect food debris, further
betraying the illusion of a natural
tooth

• The modified ridge-lap pontic is
recommended for most anterior
situations; it compensates for lost
buccolingual width in the residual
ridge by overlapping what
remains.
• When appearance is of utmost
concern, the ovate pontic, used in
conjunction with alveolar
preservation or soft tissue ridge
augmentation

2. Incisogingival Length
• Ridge resorption makes such a
pontic look too long in the cervical
region
• An abnormal labiolingual position or
cervical contour, however, is not
immediately obvious.
• This fact can be used to produce a
pontic of good appearance by
recontouring the gingival half of the
labial surface.

• In areas where tooth loss is
accompanied by excessive loss of
alveolar bone, pontic is shaped to
simulate a normal crown and root
with emphasis on the cemento-
enamel junction
• The root can be stained to simulate
exposed dentin.
• Another approach is to use pink
porcelain to simulate the gingival
tissues

3. Mesiodistal Width
• Frequently, the space available for a
pontic is greater or smaller than the
width of the contralateral tooth.
• If possible, such a discrepancy should
be corrected by orthodontic treatment.
• If this is not possible, an acceptable
appearance may be obtained by
incorporating visual perception
principles into the pontic design

• The features of the contralateral
tooth should be duplicated as
precisely as possible in the pontic,
and the space discrepancy can be
compensated by alteration in the
shape of the proximal areas
• The retainers and the pontics can
be proportioned to minimize the
discrepancy (This is another
situation in which a diagnostic
waxing procedure helps solve a
challenging restorative problem.)

• Space discrepancy presents less
of a problem when posterior
teeth are being replaced because
their distal halves are not
normally visible from the front.
• A discrepancy here can be
managed by duplicating the
visible mesial half of the tooth
and adjusting the size of the
distal half.

Metal-Ceramic Pontics
Wax the internal,
proximal, and
axial surfaces of
the retainers
Soften the inlay wax,
mold it to the
approximate
desired pontic
shape, and adapt it
to the ridge
Lute the pontic
to the retainers
and, for
additional
stability.
Removal of
excess wax
beyond the finish
line
Define the gingival
embrasure
Pattern replaced
on the master
cast for
evaluation

sharp explorer -
outline the area
depth
cuts
Section one wax
connector -ribbon
saw
Finish the cutback
of this retainer
Refine the
pontic cutback
Reseat the first
retainer, reattach it
to the pontic,
section the other
connector, and
repeat the process
Sprue the units,
Invest and cast

Metal Preparation
Recover the
castings from the
investment and
prepare the
surfaces to be
veneered
Finish the gingival
surface of the
pontic

Porcelain Application
Prepare the metal and
apply opaque
Apply cervical
porcelain to
the gingival
surface of the
pontic
Build up the
porcelain
Porcelain after firing
The pontic is now ready for
clinical evaluation and
soldering procedures,
characterization, glazing,
finishing, and polishing

1. Embrasures-wide
2. Space between pontic and tissue
3. Education and motivation of the
patient
4. Aids for maintaining the hygiene
-Dental floss
-Interproximal brushes
-Pipe cleansers
5. Evaluation of home care
17. POSTINSERTION
HYGIENE

18. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Oswal MM, Oswal MS. Unconventional pontics in fixed partial dentures. J Dent Allied Sci 2016;5:84-8
1) Stein pontic
• Variation of the modified ridge lap pontic.
• Designed for sharp edentulous ridges.
• exhibits minimal tissue contact, and offers
acceptable esthetics

2) Spheroidal pontic
• The pontic contacts without pressure.
• Only the tip contacts the ridge or buccal
surface
3) Hollow pontic
Advantages are - Reduction in metal porosity
-Easier soldering
-it presents high resistance to
tensile force.

4) Inzoma pontic
• In a posterior inzoma pontic, the buccal
and lingual ridges are added on abutments
for porcelain support.
• In an anterior inzoma pontic, the labial
horizontal ridges are added to prevent flaw
migration
5) Split pontic
• An attachment that is placed entirely within
the pontic.
• It is particularly used in tilted abutment
cases

6) Cross-pin and wing pontic
• the working elements of a two-piece pontic system
• The distal retainer has a wing which is cemented first
• the retainer pontic segment mesially is seated last.
• Then, a tapered pin is driven through the pontic, the
wing and back through the pontic

AIM: to describe a conservative rehabilitation strategy for the
replacement of a periodontally compromised mandibular
incisor: the extracted natural tooth was used as a pontic
bonded to adjacent elements with polyethylene fiber and resin
composite

Intraoral view
poor prognosis -lower
central incisor
Recording position -
transparent silicone
index
tooth was extracted Partial resection
of the root
sealing -access cavity and
the root-end preparation

resin composite
fully covering the
polyethylene fiber.
Intraoral view after restoration

19. CONCLUSION
• The function of the pontic is to replace the missing natural
tooth, to restore function and esthetics and to maintain the
stability of the arch.
• The design of the pontic is probably the most important
factor in determining the success of the restoration.
• Designs that allow easy plaque control are especially
important to a pontic’s long term success.
• Special consideration is also needed to create a design that
combines easy maintenance with natural appearance and
adequate mechanical strength.

20. REFERENCES
• Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics. Stephen F.Rosenstiel, 4th
edition.
• Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics. Shillinburg, 4th
edn.
• Tylman’s Theory and practice of Fixed Prosthodontics. William F.P.Malone,8th
edn.
• Oswal MM, Oswal MS. Unconventional pontics in fixed partial dentures.
Journal of Dental and Allied Sciences. 2016 Jul 1;5(2):84.
• Edelhoff D, et al: A review of esthetic pontic design options. Quintessence Int
33:736, 2002
• Niraj Mishra et al. Improving prosthetic prognosis by connective tissue ridge
augmentation of alveolar ridge. Indian J Dent Res, 21(1), 2010
• Sarita Joshi Narayan et al. Soft tissue development around pontic site: A case
series. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2016;16:298-302.

• Devanand Shetty et al. A Case Report of Ridge Augmentation
using Onlay Interpositional Graft: An Approach to Improve
Prosthetic Prognosis of a Deficit Ridge. Adv Hum Biol 2014;
4(1):44-50
• R. sheldon stein et al. Pontic-residual ridge relationship : a
research report. J. Pros. Den.1966;16:251
• Diego Klee de Vasconcellos et al. Impression technique for ovate
pontics.J Prosthet Dent 2010;105: 59-61
• Jonathan c. meiers et al. Chairside Replacement of Posterior Teeth
Using a Prefabricated Fiber-Reinforced Resin Composite
Framework Technique: A Case Report . J Esthet Restor Dent
17:335-342,2005)
• Davide Augusti et al.Case Report :Natural Tooth Pontic Using
Recent Adhesive Technologies: An Esthetic and Minimally Invasive
Prosthetic Solution. Hindawi Case Reports in Dentistry Volume
2020

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