5G and Internet of Things (IoT)

5G and Internet of Things
(IoT)
BY:
ATIFAAQUEEL
Guest Teacher
Electronics Engineering Section
University Women’s Polytechnic
Aligarh Muslim University
Aligarh

Outlines
• Introduction
• Wireless evolution
• Technology evolution
• 5G: the 5th generation of mobile networks
• The evolution of 5G
• 5G: A paradigm shift and rethinking of mobile business
• Technology behind 5G
• 5G cellular network architecture
• 5G core architecture overview
• 5G will enrich the telecommunication ecosystem
• 5G launch
• The internet of things
• Evolution of iot
• Four layer model for iot
• Typical iot architecture
• 5G + IoT: ushering in a new era
• Requirements in 5G enabled IoT
• 5G-IoT APPLICATIONS
• 5G-IoT Connecting the community By: Atifa Aqueel 2

Introduction
• Today and in the recent future, the advancement
of wireless based networks is an urgent need.
• The imagination of our future is a networked
society.
• Unbounded access to information and sharing of
data which is accessible everywhere and every
time for everyone and everything.
• New technology components need to be
examined for the evolution of existing wireless
based technologies.
• Present wireless based technologies, like the 3rd
Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) LTE
technology, HSPA and Wi-Fi, will be
incorporating new technology components for
future needs.
By: Atifa Aqueel 3

Wireless Evolution
By: Atifa Aqueel 4

Technology Evolution
Source: Dr Shahram G Niri, Reshaping mobile broadband with 5G communication technologies, 5G World Summit 2014
By: Atifa Aqueel 5

5G: The 5th generation of
Mobile Networks
5G has been designed to meet the very large growth in data and connectivity of today’s modern society, the
internet of things with billions of connected devices, and tomorrow’s innovations.
In addition to delivering faster connections and greater capacity, a very important advantage of 5G is the fast
response time referred to as latency.
Latency is the time taken for devices to respond to each other over the wireless network.
3G networks had a typical response time of 100 milliseconds.
4G is around 30 milliseconds.
5G will be as low as 1 millisecond.
5G Wireless Technology is more intelligent technology, which will interconnect the entire world without limits.
It is designed to provide unbelievable and extraordinary data capabilities, unhindered call volumes, and vast
data broadcast
5G is the fifth generation cellular network technology. The industry association 3GPP defines any system using
"5G NR" (5G New Radio) software as "5G", a definition that came into general use by late 2018.
By: Atifa Aqueel 7

5G: The 5th generation of
Mobile Networks
Quick Fact!
• At Mobile World Congress
2017, Samsung showcased its
5G Home Routers, which
reached up to 4Gbps according
to Source: PCMag.
By: Atifa Aqueel 8

Ref: 5G and EMF Explained (2019), an article in EMF explained series by Australian Mobile Telecommunications Association (AMTA) in
association with the GSMA and Mobile and Wireless Forum (MWF).
By: Atifa Aqueel 9

The Evolution of 5G
5G will not replace 4G; it simply enables a larger diversity of applications that 4G cannot
perform.
By: Atifa Aqueel 10

5G: A Paradigm Shift and Rethinking of
Mobile Business
Source: Dr Shahram G Niri, Reshaping mobile broadband with 5G communication technologies, 5G World Summit 2014
By: Atifa Aqueel 11

5G Cellular Network Architecture
• With an exponential increase in the
demand of the users, 4G will now be
easily replaced with 5G.
• It is commonly assumed that 5G
cellular networks must address six
challenges that are not effectively
addressed by 4G
• These are higher capacity, higher data
rate, lower End to End latency, massive
device connectivity, reduced cost and
consistent Quality of Experience
provisioning.
• An overview of the challenges,
facilitators, and corresponding design
fundamentals for 5G is shown in
Figure.
• IEEE 802.11ac, 802.11ad and 802.11af
standards are very helpful and act as a
building blocks in the road towards 5G.
• The technical comparison between
these standards is shown in table 1.
By: Atifa Aqueel 12

5G Cellular Network Architecture
TABLE 1. Technical comparison between recent 802.11 standards.
Ref: Gupta, A., & Jha, R. K. (2015). A survey of 5G network: Architecture and emerging technologies. IEEE access, 3, 1206-1232.By: Atifa Aqueel 13

5G Network Architechture
5G network architecture illustrating 5G and 4G working together, with central and local servers
providing faster content to users and low latency applications
Most operators will initially integrate 5G networks with existing 4G networks to provide a
continuous connection.
By: Atifa Aqueel 14

5G Network Architechture
• A mobile network has two main components, the ‘Radio Access Network’ and the ‘Core
Network’.
1. Radio Access Network
2. Core Network
Fig: Radio Access Network and Core Network
By: Atifa Aqueel 15

1. Radio Access Network
It consists of various types of facilities including small cells, towers, masts and dedicated in-building and home
systems that connect mobile users and wireless devices to the main core network.
Small cells will be a major feature of 5G networks particularly at the new millimetre wave (mmWave)
frequencies where the connection range is very short.
To provide a continuous connection, small cells will be distributed in clusters depending on where users require
connection which will complement the macro network that provides wide-area coverage.
5G Macro Cells will use MIMO (multiple input, multiple output) antennas that have multiple elements or
connections to send and receive more data simultaneously.
The benefit to users is that more people can simultaneously connect to the network and maintain high
throughput.
By: Atifa Aqueel 16

2. Core Network
It is the mobile exchange and data network that
manages all of the mobile voice, data and internet
connections.
For 5G, the ‘core network’ is being redesigned to
better integrate with the internet and cloud based
services
Many of the advanced features of 5G including
Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Network
Slicing for different applications and services, will be
managed in the core.
It also includes distributed servers across the network
improving response times (reducing latency).
The following illustration shows examples of local
cloud servers providing faster content to users (movie
streaming) and low latency applications for vehicle
collision avoidance systems.
Fig: Example of a local server in a 5G network
providing faster connection and lower response times.
By: Atifa Aqueel 17

Contd…
 Network Slicing:
• It enables a smart way to segment the
network for a particular industry, business
or application.
• For example emergency services could
operate on a network slice independently
from other users.
 Network Function Virtualization (NVF):
• It is the ability to instantiate network
functions in real time at any desired
location within the operator’s cloud
platform.
• Network functions can now operate on
software on a virtual machine.
• NVF is crucial to enable the speed
efficiency and agility to support new
business applications and is an important
technology for a 5G ready core.
By: Atifa Aqueel 18

5G working with 4G
• When a 5G connection is established, the User Equipment (or device) will connect to both the 4G
network to provide the control signaling and to the 5G network to help provide the fast data
connection by adding to the existing 4G capacity.
• Where there is limited 5G coverage, the data is carried on the 4G network providing the continuous
connection. Essentially with this design, the 5G network is complementing the existing 4G network.
By: Atifa Aqueel 19

Technology behind 5G
By: Atifa Aqueel 20

Technology behind 5G
• 5G networks are designed to work in conjunction with 4G networks using :
• A range of macro cells,
• Small cells,
• Dedicated in-building systems.
• Small cells are mini base stations designed for very localized coverage.
• Typically from 10 meters to a few hundred meters.
• To providing in-fill for a larger macro network.
• Small cells are essential for the 5G networks as the mm wave frequencies have a very short
connection range.
1. Small Cells – Better Connection – always connected
By: Atifa Aqueel 21

2. mm waves – Increased Spectrum – greater capacity, more users and faster speed
• Mobile spectrum showing the radio frequency range from 3-100 GHz with new 5G spectrum above
6GHz. Other radio services (TV, Wi-Fi, Fixed links & Satellite) are shown for reference.
• The increased spectrum in the mm Wave band will provide localized coverage as they only operate over
short distances.
• Future 5G deployments may use mm Wave frequencies in bands up to 86 GHz.By: Atifa Aqueel 22

mm Waves
• A band of EHF radio frequencies that is well suited for 5G networks.
• Allows transmission on frequencies between 30 GHz and 300 GHz.
• Have wavelengths between 1 mm and 10 mm.
• Mm waves can increase the spectrum bandwidth by a factor of 10.
• Allowing for a massive increase in transmission speeds.
• Millimeter waves are not capable of penetrating structures and other obstacles
(Disadvantage).
• Even leaves or rain can absorb these signals.
• 5G networks will have to adopt the small base station method to enhance traditional cell tower
infrastructure.
• Because of its small wavelength and high frequency, small base stations can easily be
constructed.
By: Atifa Aqueel 23

• 5G will use ‘massive’ MIMO (multiple input,
multiple output) antennas that have very large
numbers of antenna elements or connections to
send and receive more data simultaneously.
• The overall physical size of the 5G massive
MIMO antennas will be similar to 4G.
• But the individual antenna element size is
smaller allowing more elements (in excess of
100) in the same physical case.
• 5G User Equipment including mobile phones
and devices will also have MIMO antenna
technology built into the device for the mm
Wave frequencies.
3. Massive MIMO - multiple element base station - greater capacity, multiple
users, faster data
4G sector base station and 5G base station with a new
multi element massive MIMO antenna array. The overall
physical size of the 5G base station antenna is expected
to be similar to a 4G base station antenna.
By: Atifa Aqueel 24

• Beam steering is a technology that allows the massive MIMO base station antennas to direct the radio
signal to the users and devices rather than in all directions.
• The beam steering technology uses advanced signal processing algorithms to determine the best path for the
radio signal to reach the user.
• This increases efficiency as it reduces interference (unwanted radio signals).
4. MIMO – Beam Steering
By: Atifa Aqueel 25

• Lower latency with 5G is achieved through
significant advances in mobile device technology
and mobile network architecture.
5. Lower latency - Faster response times
Technology Response time
(milliseconds)
4G - LTE systems 20-30 ms
5G - enhanced mobile
broadband
4-5 ms
5G - URLLC (Ultra
Reliable Low Latency
Communications)
systems
1 ms
5G Devices (User Equipment)
As the device chip sets become more advanced,
they can process data faster and reduce the
response time called latency.
5G Network - Mobile Network Architecture
Significant changes in both the Core Network
(Core) and Radio Access Network (RAN) are
required to deliver low latency.
Core Network Changes
With the redesigned core network, signaling and
distributed servers, a key feature is to move the
content closer to the end user and to shorten the
path between devices for critical applications.
Radio Access Network (RAN)
To achieve the low latency, the RAN will need to
be re-configured in a manner that is highly flexible,
software configurable, minimize the time delays
along with robustness and coding improvements to
achieve high degrees of reliability.
By: Atifa Aqueel 26

5G Network Architecture
By: Atifa Aqueel 27

5G Core Network Architecture
(Key Principles)
• The 5G core standardization should define a functional architecture where implementation
technologies can be evolved and replaced over time
Key principles:
• Prioritize interfaces to support Multi-vendor integration.
• Scale UP and CP functionality independently
• Allow for a flexible deployment of UP separate from the CP
• Supporting authentication for both IMSI-based and non IMSI-based identities
• Allows for different network configurations in different network slices
• Abstract transport layer from 3GPP NFs
5G – New Concepts
• CP/UP Split
• NW slicing
• Service Based Architecture SBA
Ref: “5G Network Architecture and FMC” by Joe Wilke, Ericsson, July 2017By: Atifa Aqueel 28

5G Core Architecture Overview
Ref: “5G Network Architecture and FMC” by Joe Wilke, Ericsson, July 2017
By: Atifa Aqueel 29

Network Slice Definition
• Ability to distinguish between fundamentally different services
• Network slice is a logical network serving a defined business purpose or customer, consisting
of all required network resources configured together. It is created, changed and removed by
management functions.
• Each network slice is an isolated end-to-end network tailored to fulfil diverse requirements
requested by a particular application.
One Network – Multiple Industries
Source: www. Wikipedia.com
By: Atifa Aqueel 30

Example of Network Slice Types
Ref: The 5G responses for the IoT challenges by Bendek Kovács, PhD (Senior Specialist, Network Performance, Ericsson)
By: Atifa Aqueel 31

5G System Architecture
3GPP TS 23.501 V1.0.0 (2017-06)
• The 5G architecture is defined as service-based and the interaction between network functions is
represented in two ways. Network functions within the 5GC Control Plane shall only use
service-based interfaces for their interactions.
Reference point representation.
shows the interaction that exist between the NF services in
the network functions described by point-to-point reference
point (e.g. N11) between any two network functions (e.g.
AMF and SMF).
AMF PCF
UE (R)AN UPF DN
N13
N7
N3 N6
N2 N4N1
AFN5SMFN11
N9
AUSF
N8N12
UDM
N10
N14 N15
Authentication Server Function (AUSF)
Core Access and Mobility Management
Function (AMF)
Data network (DN), e.g. operator services,
Internet access or 3rd party services
Network Exposure Function (NEF)
NF Repository Function (NRF)
Policy Control function (PCF)
Service-based representation
where network functions (e.g. AMF) within the control
plane enables other authorized network functions to access
their services
UE (R)AN UPF
AF
AMF SMF
PCF UDM
DNN6
N1
NRFNEF
N3
N2 N4
AUSF
Nausf Namf Nsmf
NpcfNnrfNnef Nudm Naf
Session Management Function (SMF)
Unified Data Management (UDM)
User plane Function (UPF)
Application Function (AF)
User Equipment (UE)
By: Atifa Aqueel 32

5G Service-Based Architecture (SBA)
By: Atifa Aqueel 33

Service-based interface in 5GC
• A Control Plane Network Function can provide one or more NF Services
• A NF Service consist of operations based on either a request-response or a subscribe-notify
model
• Common control protocol using e.g. HTTP based API, replacing protocols like e.g. Diameter
Services and operations
By: Atifa Aqueel 35

Cloud-native 5g Architecture
• Operators transform networks using a network architecture based on data center
(DC) in which all functions and service applications are running on the cloud
DC, referred to as a Cloud Native architecture.
• A Cloud-Native E2E network architecture has the following attributes:
 Provides logically independent network slicing on a single network
 Provides DC-based cloud architecture to support various application scenarios.
 Uses Cloud RAN to reconstruct radio access networks (RAN) to provide
massive connections of multiple standards and implement on-demand
deployment of RAN functions required by 5G.
 Simplifies core network architecture to implement on demand configuration of
network functions through control and user plane separation, component-based
functions, and unified database management.
 Implements automatic network slicing service generation, maintenance, and
termination for various services to reduce operating expenses through agile
network O&M.
A Cloud-Native 5G Architecture is Key to Enabling Diversified Service
Requirements
Ref: 5G network architecture- A high level perspective by Huawei Technologies CO. LTD
By: Atifa Aqueel 37

The Service-Driven 5G Architecture
• Cloud adoption allows for better support for diversified 5G services, and enables the key
technologies of E2E network slicing, on-demand deployment of service anchors, and
component-based network functions.
By: Atifa Aqueel 38

End-to-End Network Slicing for Multiple
Industries Based on One Physical
Infrastructure
By: Atifa Aqueel 39

Reconstructing the RAN with Cloud
By: Atifa Aqueel 40

Contd…
MCE (Mobile Cloud Engine) can implement complex management while coordinating multiple
processing capabilities based on regional time, frequency bands, and space
This upgraded management system allows CloudRAN to support 4G, 4.5G, 5G, and Wi-Fi, and
implement coordination and scheduling of macro, micro, and pico site types.
Network functions are deployed on radio, backbone, or core convergence nodes to maximize both
network efficiency and additional capabilities.
By: Atifa Aqueel 41

What will 5G enable?
• There are three major categories of use case for 5G:
5G will enable instantaneous connectivity to billions of devices, the Internet of
Things (IoT) and a truly connected world.
1. Massive machine to machine communications :
• Also called the Internet of Things (IoT) that involves connecting billions of devices without human
intervention.
• This has the potential to revolutionize modern industrial processes, agriculture, manufacturing and business
communications.
2. Ultra-reliable low latency communications:
• Mission critical including real-time control of devices, industrial robotics, vehicle to vehicle communications
and safety systems, autonomous driving and safer transport networks.
• Low latency communications also opens up a new world where remote medical care, procedures, and
treatment are all possible.
3. Enhanced mobile broadband:
• Providing significantly faster data speeds and greater capacity keeping the world connected.
• New applications will include fixed wireless internet access for homes, outdoor broadcast applications
without the need for broadcast vans, and greater connectivity for people on the move.
By: Atifa Aqueel 42

5G will enrich the Telecommunication
Ecosystem
• The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has classified 5G mobile network services into three
categories:
• Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)
• Ultra-reliable and Low-latency Communications (uRLLC)
• Massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC).
By: Atifa Aqueel 43

5G LAUNCH
When did 5G launch?
• Initial 5G services commenced in many countries in 2019 and widespread availability of 5G is
expected by 2025.
What are the first applications for 5G?
• Fixed wireless access for homes and enhanced mobile broadband services are the first
applications using new 5G phones, tablets, wireless access modems and hot spots.
What do 5G devices offer?
• Significantly faster speeds in data access, downloading and streaming content.
• Increased computing power and make use of the lower latency (virtually instantaneous
connections to the network),.
• Greater connectivity when on the move due to the use of advanced antenna beam steering.
What devices are available for 5G?
• Mobile handsets, tablets and hot spots equipped with 3G, 4G and 5G connectivity were
launched in 2019.
• Low latency and widespread machine to machine applications using 5G will be developed in
the coming years.
By: Atifa Aqueel 44

“How much more IoT can do is only left to your imagination and to your
budget. You can do as little or as much with IoT as you want.”
Internet of Things (IOT)
- We Are At The Tip of An Iceberg
By: Atifa Aqueel 46

The Internet Of Things
IDC estimates there will be
approximately 212 billion
things globally by the end of
2020. Extreme Networks
estimates that 5 billion people
will have Internet
access.
The ‘Internet of Things’ will
generate $14,400,000,000 of
value over the next decade1.
There will be 40 times more
devices than people on the
Internet in 20202.
source: 1read.bi/1yDOQQ3 | 2 http://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS24366813By: Atifa Aqueel 47

KEVIN ASHTON: The Father of IoT
In 1999, Kevin Ashton coins the term INTERNET OF
THINGS (IoT) and establishes MIT’s auto ID center a
global research network of academic laboratories focused
on RFID and the IoT
He believed IoT could “turn the world into data” that
could be used to make macro decisions on resource
utilization.
“Information is a great way to reduce waste and increase
efficiency, and that’s really what the Internet of Things
provide”
Source: The reimagination thought Leaders summit, Sydney, 17 Nov 2015
KEVIN ASHTON
By: Atifa Aqueel 48

EVOLUTION OF IOT
Sources: Google images
By: Atifa Aqueel 49

More Connected Devices Than People
By: Atifa Aqueel 50

Internet of Things Wave
By: Atifa Aqueel 51

Source: http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic
By: Atifa Aqueel 52

1. Sensors and Actuators
• We are giving our world a digital nervous system. Locating data using GPS sensors. Eyes and ears using
microphones and cameras, along with sensory organs that can measure everything from temperature to
pressure.
By: Atifa Aqueel 56

2. CONNECTIVITY
• These inputs are digitized and placed onto networks.
By: Atifa Aqueel 57

3. PEOPLE and Processes
• These networked inputs can then be combined into bidirectional systems that integrate data,
people, processes and systems for better decision making.
By: Atifa Aqueel 58

By: Atifa Aqueel 59

FOUR LAYER MODEL FOR IOT
By: Atifa Aqueel 61

FOUR LAYER MODEL FOR IOT
By: Atifa Aqueel 62

Typical IoT Architecture
Source: (Cabe, 2017)
Ref: Connected Things, IoT & 5G by Dr.-Ing. Eueung Mulyana
By: Atifa Aqueel 63

Components and Functions
Source: (Cabe, 2017)By: Atifa Aqueel 64

Role & Characteristics
By: Atifa Aqueel 65

IoT Software Stacks
By: Atifa Aqueel 66

5G + IoT: Ushering in a New Era
When 5G, the fifth generation of wireless communications technology, arrives in 2020,
engineers expect that it will be able to handle about 1000 times more mobile data than
today's cellular systems. It will also become the backbone of the Internet of Things (IoT).
Ref: Why IoT Needs 5G - IEEE Spectrum
5G as the first network designed to be scalable, versatile, and energy smart for the hyper
connected Internet of Everything world.
Ref: The plans for 5G to power the IoT
Ericsson AB’s latest Mobility Report points out that there will be 550 million 5G
subscriptions in 2022 and Asia Pacific will be the second-fastest growing region with 10%
of all subscriptions being 5G in 2022.
Ref: erricson.com
5G is the foundation for realizing the full potential of IoT.
By: Atifa Aqueel 68

What To Expect When 5G Meets IoT?
• Multi GBPS data rates
• Extreme capacity
• Uniformity
• Deep awareness
• Ultra-low latency
• High reliability
• High availability
• Strong security
• Low cost
• Ultra-low energy usage
• Deep coverage
• High density
By: Atifa Aqueel 70

Predicted Growth Of IoT (2015-2025)
Source: statista
Quick Fact!
• According to
estimations by the
McKinsey Global
Institute, the IoT
will have a total
economic impact of
up to $11 trillion by
2025.
By: Atifa Aqueel 72

Impact of 5G on IoT
By: Atifa Aqueel 73

Impact of 5G on IoT
By: Atifa Aqueel 74

IoT Has Arrived. How Will 5G Change It?
• 5G will use a new network architecture.
• This will allow numerous devices to connect in a single channel.
• Each device will disconnect as soon as it gets the data it needs.
Source: Google images
By: Atifa Aqueel 75

KEY TECHNOLOGIES WHICH
ENABLE 5G–IoT
• The 5G enabled IoT contains a number of key communication techniques for IoT applications.
• The objective of enabling the 5G–IoT that would make the network with faster speeds and greater
accessibility.
• The key technologies that can be classified into four main categories [13]
1. Wireless Network Function Virtualization.(WNFV)
2. Architecture of 5G–IoT.
3. Heterogeneous Network (HetNet).
4. Device to Device (D2D) Communication.
Fig: Technologies associated with 5G-IoT
By: Atifa Aqueel 76

Wireless Network Function
Virtualization.(WNFV)
• WNFV will enable the virtualization of entire network functions to simplify the deployment of 5G-IoT.
• 5G NFV will transform the way to build network in 5G-IoT and will provide a scalable and flexible network
for 5G-IoT applications.
• The NFV is able to separate a physical network into multiple virtual networks as shown in Figure.
• The NFV will provide 5G-IoT applications real-time processing ability.
• It optimizes the speed, capacity, and coverage in the logic sliced networks to match the demands of
applications.
By: Atifa Aqueel 77

5G-IoT solution
• In [1], a 5G-IoT solution is proposed as shown in Figure,
• A number of emerging network techniques such as 5G, LTE-A Pro, M2M devices, and smart
IoT are applied in it.
• With NFV it is possible to dynamically build networks such as 5G wireless networks, device
networks, and 4G networks, depends the demand of applications.
Figure: 5G-IoT solutionBy: Atifa Aqueel 78

Architecture of 5G–IoT.
• The 5G-IoT will mainly base on the 5G wireless systems, so the architecture generally
includes two plane:
• Data plane, focuses on the data sensing through software-defined front haul networks.
• Control plane, consists of network management tools and reconfigurable services
(applications) providers.
Fig: 5G-IoT architectureBy: Atifa Aqueel 79

Contd…
• The 5G-IoT architecture should be able to satisfy the
services requirements from following aspects:
• Scalability, cloudification/network function
virtualization (NFV)
• Network virtualization capability
• Sophisticated network management, includes
mobility control, access control, and resource efficient
network virtualization.
• Smart services provider, the architecture should be
able to provide smart services based on the big data
analysis.
• Figure shows a prototype of smart home that
integrated 5G infrastructure
Fig: Example of 5G-IoT architecture
By: Atifa Aqueel 80

Heterogeneous Network (HetNet).
• Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet) is a novel networking paradigm proposed to satisfy the on-
demand requirements of service-driving 5G IoT
By: Atifa Aqueel 81

Device to Device (D2D) Communication
• D2D for the short range
communication between two devices is
proposed as a new way for data
transmission
• D2D benefits the 5G-IoT with low
power consumption, load balancing
and better QoS for users.
• In IoT, more than 60% of applications
requires low power, long battery, and
wide coverage of connectivity.
• D2D is expected to increase energy
efficiency and spectrum in 5G–IoT.
By: Atifa Aqueel 82

Advanced spectrum sharing and
interference management
• The spectrum sharing and interference management is a key enabling technology of 5G-IoT.
• The Het-Net is a promising solution for interference management in 5G IoT.
• Massive MIMO are at the heart of achieving higher spectrum efficiency.
• A number of advanced MIMO techniques such as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), very large MIMO
(VLM) etc. have been proposed.
• The 3GPP LTE-A already included MU-MIMO, which can significantly improve network capacity by
leveraging higher number of antennas at the BS.
By: Atifa Aqueel 83

Other Enabling Techniques in 5G-IoT
• Machine-Type Communications (MTC).
• Millimiter Wave (mmWave)
• Mobile Edge Computing.
• Software Defined Networking (SDN).
• Network Function Virtualization (NFV).
• Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT).
• Optimization methods in 5G IoT (convex
optimization, heuristic methods,
evolutionary algorithm (EAs), machine
learning methods, and articial neural
networks (ANNs)).
By: Atifa Aqueel 84

5G-IoT APPLICATIONS
By: Atifa Aqueel 86

Intelligent 5G Enabled IoT Applications
Quick Fact!
• By 2020, a quarter
of a billion vehicles
will be connected
to the Internet,
providing
passengers new
possibilities for
invehicle services.
• Smart Cities: Cities with wide variety
of devices such as, home appliances,
surveillance cameras, monitoring
sensors, actuators, displays, vehicles,
and so on, can be fostered under one
network of connected devices.
• Self-driving cars: Google’s subsidiary
self-driving cars currently average
about 20,000+ autonomous miles every
week .
• Smart Watches: becoming a part of
every day life.
By: Atifa Aqueel 87

Quick Fact!
• Internet-connected
clothing is the
future. Estimates
for ecast that 10.2
million units of
smart clothing will
ship by 2020,
compared to a
meager 140K units
in 2013.
• Patients Surveillance: Monitor the
condition of patients inside hospitals
and at home.
• Structural Health: Monitor vibrations
and material conditions in buildings,
bridges, and historical monuments
• Earthquake Early Detection: Better
systems for detecting tremors.
• M2M Applications: Machine auto-
diagnosis and assets control.
• Hydroponics: Exercise precise
environmental control for plants grown
in hydroponic systems to produce
efficient crops
By: Atifa Aqueel 88

5G-IoT CONNECTING THE COMMUNITY
• For communities, 5G will enable the connection of billions of devices
• For our smart cities, smart schools and smart homes, smart and safer vehicles, enhance health
care and education.
• Provide a safer and more efficient place to live.
• Provide the speed, low latency and connectivity to enable a new generation of applications,
services and business opportunities that have not been seen before.
By: Atifa Aqueel 89

5G-IoT CONNECTING THE BUSINESS AND
INDUSTRY
• For businesses and industry, 5G and IoT will provide a wealth of data allowing them to gain
insights into their operations like never before.
• Businesses will operate and make key decisions driven by data
• Innovate in agriculture, smart farms and manufacturing, paving the way for cost savings,
better customer experience and long term growth.
5G Enhanced Mobile Broadband and IoT will revolutionize agriculture and farming
By: Atifa Aqueel 90

(Smart Home)
By: Atifa Aqueel 91

By: Atifa Aqueel 93

Contd…
By: Atifa Aqueel 94

Contd…
By: Atifa Aqueel 95

By: Atifa Aqueel 96

By: Atifa Aqueel 97

NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
• New and Emerging technologies such as virtual and augmented reality will be
accessible by everyone.
• Virtual reality provides connected experiences that were not possible before.
• With 5G and VR you will be able to
 Travel to your favorite city,
 Watch a live football match with the feeling of being at the ground, or
 Even be able to inspect real estate and walk through a new home all from the comfort of your couch.
5G will keep us connected in tomorrow’s smart cities, smart homes and smart schools,
and enable opportunities that we haven’t even thought of yet.
By: Atifa Aqueel 98

Imagine An IoT Future- Infinite Possibilites!
Quick Fact!
• Barcelona
estimates that IoT
systems have
helped the city
save $58 million
a year from
connected water
management and
$37 million a
year via smart
street lighting
alone.
- Harvard
University Report.
• The world will be at your fingertips or in your palm,
literally!
• Travel will become increasingly easy with fewer accidents
and traffic jams.
• Your home reflects your mood and prepares itself for you!
By: Atifa Aqueel 99

Future Research Areas
By: Atifa Aqueel 101

Research Challenges for 5G
Source: Dr Shahram G Niri, Reshaping mobile broadband with 5G communication technologies, 5G World

Capacity (New Air Interface)

5G Timeline

Conclusion

The evolution towards a world of IOT

REFERENCES
1. Shahram G N. (2014), Reshaping mobile broadband with 5G communication technologies, 5G World Summit.
2. Gupta, A., & Jha, R. K. (2015). A survey of 5G network: Architecture and emerging technologies. IEEE access, 3, 1206-
1232.
3. 5G and EMF Explained (2019), an article in EMF explained series by Australian Mobile Telecommunications Association
(AMTA) in association with the GSMA and Mobile and Wireless Forum (MWF).
4. 5G Network Architecture and FMC by Joe Wilke, Ericsson, July 2017.
5. 5G Network Architecture- A high level perspective by Huawei Technologies CO. LTD
6. Dr Shahram G Niri, Reshaping mobile broadband with 5G communication technologies, 5G World Summit 2014.
7. The reimagination thought Leaders summit, Sydney, 17 Nov 2015
8. Connected Things, IoT & 5G by Dr.-Ing. Eueung Mulyana (https://eueung.github.io/ET3010)
9. http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic
10. Li, Shancang, Li Da Xu, and Shanshan Zhao. "5G Internet of Things: A survey." Journal of Industrial Information
Integration 10 (2018): 1-9.
11. J. Liu, N. Kato, J. Ma, and N. Kadowaki, “Device–to–device communication in LTE–advanced networks: A survey, IEEE
Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 19231940, 2015.
12. Rahimi, Hamed, Ali Zibaeenejad, and Ali Akbar Safavi. "A Novel IoT Architecture based on 5G-IoT and Next Generation
Technologies." 2018 IEEE 9th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference
(IEMCON). IEEE, 2018.
13. Ahmed, Rizwan, et al. "Comprehensive Survey of Key Technologies Enabling 5G-IoT." Available at SSRN 3351007 (2019).

5G and Internet of Things (IoT)

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to 5G and Internet of Things (IoT) (20)

More from Atifa Aqueel (6)

Recently uploaded (20)

5G and Internet of Things (IoT)