This document discusses how analog signals can be processed using digital systems. It explains that analog signals from the real world are first converted to digital signals using an analog-to-digital converter. The digital signals are then processed by a digital system, such as a computer or calculator. The processed digital signals are then converted back to analog signals using a digital-to-analog converter to interface with the analog world. The digital system is composed of sub-systems, modules, and basic logic gate units that perform logical operations on inputs.