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72.gis in water resources
This document discusses the use of geographic information systems (GIS) in water resource management and assessment. It provides examples of GIS applications in watershed management, groundwater assessment, flood management, and water quality studies. It then describes a case study that developed a GIS-based decision support system to assess watershed runoff in the Kk3 Macro Watershed in India. Key steps included delineating sub-watersheds, creating soil and land use maps, determining hydrologic response units, computing runoff, and generating thematic runoff maps. The system allows users to update rainfall data and evaluate variations in spatial runoff distribution over time.
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72.gis in water resources
- 1. GIS in WaterResources By J S S Vani 131872
- 2. 2 Introduction: • Geographic informationsystems (GIS) have become a useful and important tool in hydrology and management of water resources. • Water in its occurrence varies spatially and temporally throughout the hydrologic cycle, its study using GIS is especially practical. • Water resource assessment and management are geographical activities requiring the handling of multiple forms of spatial data. • Various combinations of geographic information systems (GISs) and simulation models can be efficiently used for handling such data.
- 3. 3 Various Applications: • Watershedmanagement • Groundwater Assesment and management • Flood Management • Water Quality studies.
- 4. 4 Case Study: • “GIS Based Decision Support System for Watershed Runoff Assessment” • Study Area: The Kk3 Macro Watershed is in Pedalakothapalle, Kodair and Gopalpet mandals of Mahbubnagar district of Andhra Pradesh, India. • The geographical extent of the watershed is covered in part by three SOI Toposheets 56 L-6, 56 L-7 and 56 L-11. • The watershed has an aerial extent of 452 sq.km.
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- 6. 6 Developments of theDecision Support System: • Initiation: Consists of merging of contours from SOI Toposheets, their projection and conversion of relevant layers to coverages. (Coverages are required for ArcInfo Workstation) • Creating Digital elevation Model (DEM) and Watershed delineation into sub basins (sub watersheds) using ArcInfo Workstation. • Creating the soil map. • Creating the land use/land cover map using ERDAS. (Earth Resource Data Anlysis Systems)
- 7. 7 • Overlay ofsoils, land use, Thiessen Polygons and sub watershed layer to obtain hydrologic response units (HRU). • Computation of runoff for each HRU for rainfall from corresponding rain gauge stations. • Generation of thematic map of runoff. • Making a deployable application in VB(Visual Basic).
- 8. 8 Fig 2. ProjectWork Flow Chart
- 9. 9 A B Digitizing Survey ofIndia Toposheets 56L-6, 56L7, 56L-11 for Contours Merging of Contours 56L-6 with 56L-7 56L 67 with 56 L-11 Soil map Of Mahbubnagar District Clipping with watershed boundry Watershed Soil Map Conversion Geodatabase to coverage: 1. Contour 2. Stream Network 3. Watershed Boundary Hydrological Soil Group Map Fig 3. Creation of contour Map Fig 4. Creation of Soil Map
- 10. 10 C D Satellite Data Processing UsingERDAS Imagine Image Classification Theisson polygons using Rain gauge stations Raster to Vector Conversion Clip with Watershed Boundary Assign Class Names to the Arc/Info Coverage Coverage to Geodatabase Conversion Fig 5. Creation of Landuse/land cover Map Assigning Station Name Fig 6. Creation of Rainfall Distribution Map
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- 28. 28 Fig .22 UserInterface of Decision Support System
- 29. 29 Conclusions: • The DecisionSupport System for watershed Runoff assessment is made available as a deployable application so that users can update the rainfall data, and assess the variations in runoff and its spatial distribution over the past or current seasons. • The present DSS framework can function as the starting point for design of soil and water conservation structures and evaluating the impact of alternate land use and watershed management decisions.
- 30. 30 References: • K.Nagaraju, P.Aruna,K.V.Kumar, A.Nagaraju, M.N.Reddy and N.H.Rao “GIS Based Decision Support System for Watershed Runoff Assessment”, National Academy of Agricultural Research Management. • U. Sunday Tim, Sumant Mallavaram, “Application of GIS Technology in Watershed-based Management and Decision Making”, Watershed Update Vol. 1, No. 5 July - August 2003 • John P. Wilson, Helena Mitasova, Dawn J. Wright, “Water resource Applications of Geographic Information System” URISA Journal.