7th science- respiration in animals 2017

7th science- respiration in animals 2017

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  Science Indicator 2 –Third Term, 2017 Seventh grade Boston International School
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  RESPIRATORY SYSTEM • Objective:Torecognize the importance of the Respiratory System in living things and the necessary cares for its well function. • Learning Objective: To identify the characteristics and types of animals’ respiratory system to understand how animals breathe in different environments.
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  Biblical Principle • Psalm150:6 “Everything that breathes, praise the LORD! Praise the LORD!”
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  • http://www.softschools.com/quizzes/scienc e/respiration/quiz731.html • Onlinequiz about respiration with 10 questions to motivate the students and review what they have learnt.
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  UNDERSTANDING HOW ANIMALS BREATHE Breathingis the physical action of taking air in to the system and releasing gaseous waste. All animals must exchange gases between themselves and their environment on a continual basis. There are four types of gas exchange systems: • Integumentary exchange, which occurs through the skin • Gills, which exchange gases in water environments • Tracheal systems, which are used by insects • Lungs, which are found in land animals
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  Integumentary exchange • Theintegument is the skin or surface of an animal. Very small animals and a few larger animals that live in moist environments use this type of gas exchange. Worms are an example. • Earthworms have capillaries right under their “skin.” As the worms move through the soil, they loosen the soil, which creates air pockets. The worms take in oxygen from the air pockets and release carbon dioxide right through their outer surface. However, to be able to exchange gases directly with their environment, earthworms must stay moist.
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  Going over gills Animalsthat live in water have gills, which are extensions of their outer membranes. The membranes in gills are very thin (usually just one cell thick), which allows gas exchange between the water that flows over them. Capillaries connect to the cells in the gills so that gases can be taken in from the water and passed into the bloodstream of the aquatic animal.
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  Tracheal exchange systems •Some insects have air tubes that open to the outside of their body. This network of tubes is called a trachea; the holes that open to the outside surface are called spiracles. (In humans, the trachea is a tube that carries air down into the lungs.) • In a tracheal exchange system, oxygen diffuses directly into the trachea, and carbon dioxide exits out through the spiracles.
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  • The lungsof land animals • Lungs may be different shapes and sizes in various land animals, but they function essentially the same as they do in humans.
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  Reptiles and Amphibians •Reptiles and amphibians have lungs and exchange gases in the capillaries like mammals, but there are some differences in how they ventilate their respiratory systems. • Reptiles don’t typically breathe the same way as mammals, since many reptiles lack a diaphragm. Reptiles use their axial muscles, the ones attached to their ribs, to expand their ribcage for breathing. During periods of intense activity, reptiles might be forced to hold their breath, as they use those muscles for running away.
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  • Some reptilesget around this by buccal pumping while they run. Buccal pumping is when an animal uses the muscles of the mouth and throat to pull air into the lungs. Throat muscles then pump and move the floor of the mouth up in a way that’s visible from the outside.
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  • This forcesair out of the mouth and into the lungs. This is what amphibians do, by puffing up their chinny-chin-chins to get the air in. Look at this frog's constantly moving throat . • Apart from their capillaries, amphibians perform gas exchange directly through their skin. This works for them because their skin has lots of blood vessels very close to the permeable skin surface.
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  Class Activity • Makea spider map in with you summarize respiration in animals.