A model for enquiry based learning in the classroom

A model for enquiry based learning in the classroom

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  Co-funded by the SeventhFramework Programme of the European Union ”A model for enquiry based learning in the classroom" Iris Nijman & Wouter Schrier TEMI National Project Managers, Leiden University, the Netherlands [email protected] | [email protected]
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  TEMI •  Teaching Enquirywith Mysteries Incorporated •  EU-funded 3-year project: Help introduce enquiry-based learning in classrooms and improve student engagement and skills –  Project started in 2013 –  11 countries (Coordinator @ Queen Mary University London) –  Secondary school –  Interdisciplinary: Science –  Teacher Trainings –  Development of Educational Material
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  TEMI •  Enquiry-based learningto develop crucial intellectual skills: –  Motivates to pose questions about the natural world and investigate phenomena –  Students learn to construct their own understanding based on hands-on and minds-on experiences –  Reflect on experiences, communicate your thinking –  Focus not just on the science, but the processes of science –  Science is more than memorizing facts
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  TEMI 4 innovations: Mysteries -curiosity, motivation 5E-cycle - explore and evaluate learning Showmanship - presentation techniques Gradual Release of Responsibilities (GRR) Engage ExplainCAPTURE STUDENTS’ ATTENTION WHAT’S THE SCIENCE BEHIND THE MYSTERY? ExploreCOLLECT DATA FROM EXPERIMENTS The teacher half fills two plastic zip-lock bags with a starch solution. The class will agree that the bag does not allow any solution to leak out. These bags will then be placed in two beakers, both of which contain a clear substance. What the students don’t know is that one of the beakers has an iodine solution in it. When placed in the iodine, a colour change will occur. A blue-black colour will spread out inside the bag. Students are asked to record what they observe. The bag does not allow water or starch molecules to pass through. However, the iodine molecules are small enough to pass through the tiny pores in the bag. This activity may be used to describe a semi-permeable membrane as well as the effect of diffusion (the iodine will diffuse throughout the starch solution). It does not describe the action of osmosis, as water molecules are not allowed to move through the semi-permeable membrane. This will be explored in the extend section. Why does one beaker change colour while the other doesn’t? What do we know about starch and a blue-black colour? Why did the iodine move into the bag and why ExtendWHAT OTHER RELATED AREAS CAN BE EXPLORED? The teacher informs the students that some membranes allow the movement of all molecules, some membranes don’t allow the movement of any molecules, and some allow movement of a few molecules. This depends on the size of the molecules. THE 5E MODEL Guidance notes for teachers CHEMICAL SEESAW ISTRY The engage part of the lesson shows a discrepant event: students will see the mass of the paper decreasing and assume it will be the same when iron burns. Use this to add surprise and intrigue to the lesson so that students are motivated to find out why this happened. ShowmanshipTIPS ON HOW TO TEACH AND PRESENT THIS MYSTERY GRRTEACHING SKILLS USING GRADUAL RELEASE OF RESPONSIBILITY Students should know: » Elements in a mixture retain their properties: elements do not retain their own properties when in a compound. » There is a chemical change when a mixture is formed into a compound. » This conservation of properties may often be used to separate components in a mixture. Students should be able to: » Explain why it is possible to ingest table salt (NaCl), even though the two elemental components are highly reactive and poisonous. From the experimental investigation with iron and sulphur, students should know that compounds have new properties: the elements do not retain their own properties. » Carry out an investigation on the iron levels in different cereals and compare the results with the levels shown on the cereal packet labels. EvaluateCHECK THE LEVEL OF STUDENT SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING CHEMISTRY Comparison of mixtures and compounds (2): Students can be provided with different colour plastic building blocks (e.g. Lego). Each colour represents a different element. The students can use these to make concrete representations of the mixture (e.g. two or more different colour blocks not joined together) or a compound (e.g. two or more different colour blocks joined together). Real-life application Iron is an essential mineral. It is found in haemoglobin in red blood cells. It is needed for the transportation of oxygen from the lungs around the body. If the body does not have enough iron, it cannot make enough oxygen-carrying red blood cells. This deficiency is called anaemia. Healthy red blood cells and sufficient oxygen is important to prevent fatigue. Athletes need sufficient oxygen supply in their blood and muscles to maximise their performance and prevent fatigue. Blood doping is a method of increasing the number of red blood cells in the body. This allows more oxygen to be carried to the muscles. When extracting the iron from the cereal with the ‘magic wand’, it is important not to tell the students what they should expect. All the students should know is that the teacher thinks it is possible to make the invisible visible. Allow the students to observe what is extracted from the cereal for themselves. ShowmanshipTIPS ON HOW TO TEACH AND PRESENT THIS MYSTERY Students will learn about the following skills through the GRR model: » Predict, observe, and explain procedures. » Project and group work. GRRTEACHING SKILLS USING GRADUAL RELEASE OF RESPONSIBILITY THE 5E MODEL
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  A mystery: o  Providesaffective engagement to the students; o  Generates curiosity and leads to questions; o  Generates a cognitive conflict; o  Creates scientific knowledge; o  Requires the students to use enquiry skills to explain the mystery. 1. Mystery Wonder is the seed of knowledge Francis Bacon“ ”
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  he end (Figure1b). Different representations figure 1 Exploration Explanation Engagement Elaboration Evaluation 2. 5E - Cycle Evaluation stage feeds into the other 4 stages continuously •  Learning cycle with five elements •  Framework to support enquiry- based learning •  Guideline for teachers and students •  Prevent teachers from giving answers too quickly
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  Many analogies betweenthe role of a teacher and that of an actor : •  Facing an audience •  Convey a message in a convincing and memorable manner •  Improvise if something takes an unexpected turn 3. Showmanship
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  Enquiry Level Type Question ProcedureSolution 1 Confirmation Teacher Teacher Teacher 2 Structured Teacher Teacher Student 3 Guided Teacher Student Student 4 Open-ended Student Student Student 4. Gradual Release of Responsibilities •  Student becomes more able to carry out own independent enquiry •  Role of teacher becomes less instructive, more enabling
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  •  TEMI Methodology • 4 Innovations •  Free to download: http://teachingmysteries.eu Teaching the TEMI way How using mysteries supports science learning TEMI Booklet “Teaching the TEMI way"
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  •  Mysteries forall science subjects •  Mysteries produced by partners •  Peer-reviewed by teachers •  Free to download: http://teachingmysteries.eu CLASSROOM SCIENCE ACTIVITIES TO SUPPORT STUDENT ENQUIRY-BASED LEARNING TEMI Resource Book “The Book of Science Mysteries"
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  DOMAIN(S) Physics, mathematics, earthsciences, astronomy. SUBDOMAIN KEYWORDS » Physics: SAFETY/SUPERVISION No need. Disclaimer: the authors of this teaching material will not be held responsible for any injury or damage to persons or properties that might occur in its use. Closer but colder What’s the mystery? Because of the shape of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun, it is farther away from the Sun in July than it is in January. Still, we have colder days in January than in July. How is this possible? Through this mystery, students will investigate the orbit of the Earth around the Sun and its influence on solar energy here on Earth. This will lead them to a deeper understanding of the seasons on Earth. ~12 – 16 years Physics Astronomy Math
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  ~16– 18 yearsPhysics Astronomy Math DOMAIN(S) Physics. SUBDOMAIN KEYWORDS Astronomy, optics, propagation of light. PREPARATION AND LIST OF MATERIALS » Internet (for YouTube) Experiment 1. Dispersion and refraction: » White flashlight (not LED) » Prism Red Moon What’s the mystery? When the Moon travels through the Earth’s shadow, sunlight is blocked. However, instead of turning completely dark, the Moon gets a reddish colour. How is this possible?
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  Impact Numbers 11Countries 53Trainings 932Teachers trained 1190Hoursof Training
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  Lessons learned •  Time it takes to develop high quality products/resources • Methodology vs. Material •  Methodology vs. School Board / Curriculum
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  Questions? Iris Nijman &Wouter Schrier TEMI National Project Managers [email protected] [email protected] Twitter: @teachmysteries Online: www.teachingmysteries.eu