A presentation using the process of microteaching of
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This document summarizes a presentation on constructing sentences from a substitution table. It provides information on: - The different types of clauses that can be used: independent clauses, dependent clauses, and co-ordinate clauses. - The different types of phrases: noun phrase, adjective phrase, etc. - How to identify the different clauses and phrases. - The process of constructing sentences from the substitution table, including using different combinations of clauses and phrases.
A presentation using the process of microteaching of
- 1. A presentation using the process of microteaching of the course titled ALELT 504 Language Teacher Education, conducted by Professor Ahmed Reza, Department of English, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342.
- 2. The critiques: Professor Ahmed Reza, Department of English, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342. Professor M. Maniruzzaman, Department of English, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342. Trainee: Md. Abdul Qayum, Class Roll: 26, MA in Applied Linguistics and ELT Programme, Department of English, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342.
- 3. Topic: Part C: Guided Writing: Substitution Table, Question No. 11; Marks 12 in Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) Examination. Learners: 10 HSC examinee, 2015 of Bangladesh Public Administration Training Center (BPATC) School and College.
- 4. Rules for preparing sentences from substitution table: each information has to be used for maximum and minimum once Sequences of the sentences should be maintained according to the sequence of column A. For one wrong sentence, minimum two and maximum four sentences become wrong; If any sentence becomes correct but creates trouble for constructing other sentences, then the sentence will be counted as wrong.
- 5. Basic Knowledge for constructing sentences from substitution table: constructs an independent clause (IC), because without IC no sentence can be made. cannot build a sentence by using one or more dependent clause (DC), co-ordinate clause (CC) or phrase.
- 6. Discussion about clause and phrase: both parts of the sentence phrase refers a group of words in which subject and predicate (finite verb+object/adverb/complement.....) do not remain clause refers a group of words in which subject and predicate (finite verb+object/adverb/complement.....) remain phrase does not have a subject and finite verb must use clause For example: She saw the man going to market
- 7. Classification of Clauses: Structurally clauses are three kinds: Independent Clause (IC) Dependent Clause (DC) Co-ordinate Clause (CC)
- 8. Independent Clause (IC): can build a sentence and can express a full meaning without the help of others For example: Sohel became pleased when he heard the news.
- 9. The characteristics and way of identifying independent clause (IC): no conjunction in the beginning of an independent clause. must be an independent clause of the beginning or middle or last in a sentence, otherwise not a sentence. There must be only one IC in a sentence. Other parts will be DC or CC or phrases. only using IC, one can construct a full sentence; using or not using other parts do not interfere in the construction of the sentence.
- 10. Dependent Clause (DC): express partial meaning but does not convey full meaning, usually remain in complex sentences If Dola gets the prize, she becomes happy
- 11. The characteristics and way of identifying dependent clause (DC): sub-ordinating conjunction in the beginning of a dependent clause. For example: when, while, after, before, till, until, since, as, because, through, although, if, who, what, whose, whom, which, where, whereas, how, why, that, so that, so....that and so on. But in some special cases there may be no conjunction or bared conjunction. can be sit anywhere in a sentence can be sentences without DC. But to construct complex sentences, we must use DC. There may be more than one DC in a sentence.
- 12. Co-ordinate Clause (CC): an independent clause containing co- ordinating conjunction and it is used only in compound sentences. For example: Juthi got A+ and everybody praised her.
- 13. The characteristics and way of identifying Co-ordinate Clause (CC): co-ordinating conjunction in the beginning of a dependent clause. For example: and, but, or, so, therefore, as well as, either...or, neither....nor, both....and, not only....but also etc. Usually sits in the last part of a sentence To construct a compound sentence one must use co-ordinate clause. There may be more than one CC in a sentence. If the subject, verb, object/adjective etc. of the IC before used CC matches, then the CC may be bared.
- 14. The classification of phrase: Structurally phrases are of nine kinds. Noun Phrase Adjective Phrase Verbal Phrase Adverbial Phrase Prepositional Phrase Conjunctional Phrase Interjectional Phrase Infinitive phrase Participle phase
- 15. Noun Phrase: a group of words that ends with a noun contains determiners (the, a, this, etc), adjectives, adverbs, and nouns cannot begin with a preposition. Remember that both subjects and complements are generally noun phrases. For example: (i) Joy and sorrow come by turns. (ii) Nobody likes a slow coach. (iii) Reading different books is my habit. Adjective Phrase: a group of words that functions like an adjective in a sentence consists of adjectives, modifier and any word that modifies a noun or pronoun For example: (i) A man in great difficulties came to me for help. (ii) Nasim is good for nothing. (iii) The secret letter signed by the Managing Director was sent to him
- 16. Verbal Phrase: consists of the main verb and any auxiliaries and function as a verb For example: (i) Every student here abides by the rules and regulations. (ii) He bids fair to shine in life. Adverbial Phrase: a group of words that functions as an adverb in a sentence consists of adverbs or other words (preposition, noun, verb, modifiers) that make a group with works like an adverb in a sentence functions like an adverb to modify a verb, an adjective or another adverb. For example: (i) Jahir ran with great speed. (ii) She tried hard and soul to get A+.
- 17. Prepositional Phrase: consists of a preposition, objects of preposition (noun or pronoun) may also consist of other modifiers. e.g. on a table, near a wall, in the room, at the door, under a tree starts with a preposition and mostly ends with a noun or pronoun functions as an adjective or adverb in a sentence For example: (i) Sampa was absent on account of her illness. (ii) Nadia succeeded by virtue of her merit. Conjunctional Phrase: A group of words which connects two nouns, pronouns, phrases or clauses of a sentence by functioning as a conjunction. For example: (i) Jinnia worked as long as she could. (ii) Nindita is not only a good student but also an adroit cricketer.
- 18. Interjectional Phrase: is a group of words that functions as an interjection in a sentence by conveying our feelings. For example: (i) Good morning!, how do you do? (ii) Oh my God! It is a large snake. Infinitive phrase: consist of an infinitive (to+simple form of verb) and modifiers or other words associated to the infinitive always functions as an adjective, adverb or a noun in a sentence. For example: (i) To tell a lie is a great sin. (ii) The intention to tell a lie should be given up. (iii) The man showed lame excuse to tell a lie. (iv) His father told him to help the poor.
- 19. Participle phase: consists of a present participle (verb+ing), a past participle (verb ending in-ed or other form in case of irregular verbs) and modifiers or other associate words, a participle phrase is separated by commas. always acts as an adjective in a sentence. This phrase are of three kinds: Present participle phrase: This phrase consists of “verb+ing+related words”. It refers to a continuous or usual work. For example: (i) I saw the man going to market. (ii) The woman sleeping on the floor is suffering from a chronic disease.
- 20. Past participle phrase: This phrase consists of “verb (past participle form)+(by/in/.....)+ related words”. It refers a work that has been already done. For example: (i) I have purchased a mobile made in China. (ii) The letter signed by the Director has been sent. (iii) The device made of plastic does not last long. Perfect participle phrase: This phrase consists of “having+(been)+ verb (past participle form)+related words”. It refers the work that has been done firstly between two works. It is also used as a subsidiary to the past perfect tense. We “have” to use “been” after having to mean the passive voice. For example: (i) Having defeated the enemies, the Captain see them to prison. (ii) The player having been knocked cut went back to his own country.
- 21. The process of constructing sentences from the table from the earned knowledge: At first we have to create IC, and then automatically the sentence will be created. There may be used one or more DC, CC, phrase or adverb besides IC. If a conjunction remains in first column then we have to create DC and after that we have to create IC from the rest parts. Without IC almost there is a conjunction at the beginning of a clause. But there is no need of conjunction when clause and phrase sit side by side. If prepositional phrase, present participle phrase, perfect participle phrase or infinitive phrase remains in the first column then we have to create IC after the finishing of the phrase or “phrase+DC+IC”. We have to notice the proper meaning of each column to make a successful sentence. Generally the construction of the sentences are: (i) IC+DC (ii) IC+CC, (iii) IC+DC+CC, (iv) IC+CC+CC, (v) DC+IC, (vi) DC+IC+CC. There may be used phrase between anywhere of the above constructions.
- 22. A B C D The present age to the family income with earning and out of home activities Women outdoor activities giving place to small, nuclear families As they began contribute has seen a wide disintegration of having psychological problems In the developed countries now in the west and they started influencing by both husbands and wives. Extended families have given are associating now are done equally large kin groups Marriages now often break up and are still the broken families are decisions about family matters. Practical implementation: Question: R.B. ’08 J.B. ‘03
- 23. Explanation of each answer: First column’s IC’s subject (The present tense), the right verb should be (has been) from second column and object (a wide disintegration) from the third column together forms the IC (The present age has seen a wide disintegration). Lastly preposition (of) gives the clue of prepositional phrase (of large kin groups). And thus IC+prepositional phrase construct the sentence. First column’s IC’s subject (Women), the right verb should be (are associating) from second column together forms the IC (women are associating now). Lastly from the third and fourth column construct preposition prepositional phrase (with earning and out of home activities). This prepositional phrase has been used here as an adverbial phrase. And thus IC+prepositional phrase construct the sentence. There is a DC (As they began to contribute) in first column, takes a phrase (to the family income) from the second column. According to the condition we have to create IC (they started influencing decisions about family matters). So we get here “DC+Phrase+IC”. Thence there is a prepositional phrase (In the developed countries now), so we had to create IC from the next columns. Second column’s subject (outdoor activities), verb (are done) from third column and fourth column’s object of the passive voice (by both husbands and wives) together form the IC. So we get here “Phrase+IC”. First column’s IC (Extended families have given), CC from second and third column (and are still giving place) and lastly prepositional phrase (to small, nuclear families) together form the sentence. So we get here “IC+CC+Phrase”. First column’s IC (Marriages now often break up), prepositional phrase form second column (in the west) and CC from third and fourth column (and the broken families are having psychological problems) together form the sentence. So we get here “IC +Phrase+CC”.
- 24. Answer: The present age has seen a wide disintegration of large kin groups. Women are associating now with earning and out of home activities. As they began to contribute to the family income, they started influencing decisions about family matters. In the developed countries now household work and outdoor activities are done equally by both husbands and wives. Extended families have given, and are still giving place to small, nuclear families. Marriages now often break up in the west and the broken families are having psychological problems.
- 25. Home work Win your luck Good bye