AAI Bhopal, Training Presentation (CNS)

Automation Room
DBM Servers
FDP SDP RDCU Neptuno NTP
LAN 1 LAN 2 LAN 3
Automation Room Flow Chart

FDP (Flight Data Processing)
 Reception and Processing of AFTN Message
 Validation and processing of flight plans entered from the
AFTN/IFPS or controller WP
 Management of flight plan (FPL) database and support of
operator‘s actions
 Analysis of flight plan routes and calculation of flight trajectory and
estimated times
 Meteorological and aeronautical information management (MET)

SDP (Surveillance Data Processor)
 It is use to sync RDCU and FDP Data
 Radar data input processing and real-time quality control
 Distribution of system tracks to external users
 Weather data processing
 Flight plan functions (FP-track association, FP tracking, flight
handoff, synthetic tracks)

RDCU (Radar Data Communication Unit)
 Communication front-end with different external radars and
systems
 Support for all the functionality of conversion and distribution of
radar messages for internal and external systems
 Conversion of any external to ASTERIX common internal format
 Recording of all incoming data 24/7
 Scalable for any need of reception and distribution of radar data

DBM (Data Base Management)
 Configuration of airports with its runways
 Setting of radar parameters (elevation, scan period, coverage,
noise, radar format...)
 Recording of all incoming data 24/7
 Scalable for any need of reception and distribution of radar data

NTP (Network Time Protocol)
 NTP needs some reference clock that defines the true time to
operate. All clocks are set towards that true time.
 NTP uses UTC as reference time.
 NTP stands for Network Time Protocol, and it is an Internet
protocol used to synchronize the clocks of computers to some time
reference.

SDD
Neptuno
Sup.
SDD/FDD DRF
CMD Neptuno Sup.
Work
Station

SDD/FDD
 Display of system tracks (radar/ADS), radar plots, ADS reports, DF
and weather contours
 Display of flight plan, coast and hold lists
 Display of aeronautical maps and restricted areas
 Display and graphic modification of flight plan route
 Printout of flight strips (for non strip-less environments)

DRF (Data Recording Facility)
 Recording of radar, FP and ADF data as well as CWP status of all
SDDs
 Save of the recorded data in local disk and DDS tapes
 Playback in any non-sectorized SDD
 Voice and data synchronization for playback
 Last 24 hours data recorded in the local SDD disk, available for
immediate playback

CMD (Control and Monitoring Display)
 Graphical display of the system layout, including external systems
 Display of system messages
 System messages logged to printer and recorded on disk
 Listing of logged users
 Radar configuration and radar statistics

Neptuno Sup.
 It is used to remotely access the Neptuno1 and Neptuno 2 server’s
voice recording.
 It can also control and monitor the server’s recording.
 It works by the help of an application called Remote meaning
dispo.

Equipment Room
Equipment
Room
Power Supply
DVR
Server 1 Server 2
Replay Station
VHF Tx/Rx
RCS VCS
Communication Control
Server Control
VCS Module
Datis HMI

Airport System
Surveillance
Hand Held
Metal
Detector
(HHMD)
Door Frame Metal
Detector (DFMD)
Explosive Trace
Detector (ETD)
X-Ray BIS CCTV
Communication
Public Announcement
System (PAS)
Flight Information
System (FIS)
Airport System Flow Chart

Hand Held Metal Detector (HHMD)
 It is used to find the particular part of the body at which any metal
or other related particle is there.
 It operates with chargeable battery system.

Door Frame Metal Detector (DFMD)
 Every passengers have to go through this frame when any metal
particle is passed by passengers.
 It gives indication with both visual and audio aid.

Explosive Trace Detector (ETD)
 Narcotic/Explosive detector is used to detect the
presence of any narcotics or explosive materials.
 It works on the principle of Ion-mobility
Spectrography.
 Warm up air is 30 min.
 Maintenance required once in a Month.

X-Ray Baggage Inspection System
 This system has a single X-ray source sending out X-rays, typically
in the range of 140 to 160 kilovolt peak (KVP)
 KVP refers to the amount of penetration an X-ray makes. The higher
the KVP, the further the X-ray penetrates.
 After the X-rays pass through the item, they are picked up by a
detector. This detector then passes the X-rays on to a filter, which
blocks out the lower-energy X-rays.
 The remaining high-energy X-rays hit a second detector. A computer
circuit compares the pick-ups of the two detectors to better
represent low-energy objects, such as most organic materials.

Closed Circuit Television Camera (CCTV)

CCTV System Types
CCTV Systems are broadly divided into TWO types. These are:
 Wired CCTV System
 Wireless CCTV System

CCTV Camera Benefits
CCTV commonly use for a variety of purpose, including
 Traffic Monitoring
 Building and Ground Security
 Overseeing location that would be hazardous to a human.

CCTV Camera Types
CCTV cameras are being installed every where for purpose of security
and crime prevention and detection. There are many type if CCTV
cameras are available for this purpose. These are:
Indoor Camera Bullet Camera
Outdoor camera Vandal Proof Camera
IR day/Night Camera Dome Camera
Hidden Camera Pen Tilt Zoom Camera

Type of Radars
RADAR
PSR
SSR
MSSR

PSR: Primary Surveillance RADAR
 The primary radar depends on the principle that energy emitted
from one point to another point.
 A small energy may be scattered or reflected by surfaces of
obstructing objects in its path.
 The transmitted energy will return at the same speed by
generating a short wave of microwave.
 This wave energy is radiated by antenna and receiver receives the
echo signal.

PSR: Primary Surveillance RADAR

SSR: Secondary Surveillance RADAR

SSR: Secondary Surveillance RADAR
 The secondary surveillance radar provides on ground-based
surveillance of transponder fitted aircrafts.
 It contains two principle of components namely the “Interrogator” and
the “Transponder”.
 The Interrogator radiates pulse in one frequency i.e.1030Mhz.
 The Transponder initiates a reply on another frequency i.e.1090Mhz.

SSR: Limitations
1. Synchronous Garbling
Many replies overlaps in time such that its time grids are not
congruent which is known as synchronous garbling.

2. False Replies Unsynchronised Interrogation Transmission
(FRUIT)
An SSR receives Responses to queries made by Different
SSR (in air spaces at multiple Coverage).

Encoder
North
16384 teeths = 360 / 16384 * n
= .0224 * n
Actual location = +
: n = no. of teeth from north

MSSR: Monopulse Secondary Surveillance RADAR

MSSR: Monopulse Secondary Surveillance RADAR
 MSSR gives the exact position of aircraft.
 MSSR Range 256 Nautical-miles.
 MSSR Transmitter works on 1030MHz frequency and Receiver
works on 1090 MHz frequency.
 MSSR Rotations speed is 15 RPM, it can be changeable as per
Requirement.
 MSSR output data format is Asterix category.

Navigational- AIDS
 ‘ART’ of determining the position of a aircraft over earth’s surface
and guiding its progress from one place to another.
NDB DVOR DME ILS
Satellite
Navi.

NDB: Non Directional beacon
 Provides relative bearing to the aircraft
w.r.t. direction of NDB equipment
irrespective of aircraft heading.
 Used by aircraft to help obtain a fix of their
geographic location on the surface of the
Earth.
 Most commonly used as "locators" for an
instrument landing.

DVOR: Doppler VHF Omni-Directional Range
 A standard ICAO ground based radio navigational aid.
 Type of short-range radio navigation system for aircraft.
 Enable the aircraft to determine their position and stay on
course by receiving radio signals transmitted by a network of
fixed ground radio beacons, with a receiver unit.

DME: Distance Measuring Equipment
 System combining Ground Based and Airborne
Equipment to measure the distance of the aircraft
from a ground station.
 Provides slant distance of the aircraft from the
ground equipment.

ILS: Instrument Landing System
 Guides the aircraft as to where to land on
the runway.
 System comprises of three parts: Localizer
Glide
scope
ILS
Marker

ILS: Instrument Landing System

Marker
Marker
Outer Marker
(OM)
Middle Marker
(MM)
Inner Marker
(IM)

Satellite Navigation
 Satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS), such as GAGAN,
WAAS, EGNOS and MSAS, complement existing global navigation
satellite systems (GNSS).
 SBAS compensate for certain disadvantages of GNSS in terms of
accuracy, integrity, continuity and availability.
 Based on the transmission of differential corrections and integrity
messages for navigation satellites that are within sight of a network of
reference stations deployed.

UPS: UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY
There are two types of UPS (UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY)
 Offline UPS
 Online UPS

UPS
 UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY is a device that provides
battery backup when the power fails or drops to an unacceptable
voltage level
 The Switchover time must be small (2 to 4 ms) enough to not
cause break in the operation of the loads.

Earthing System
In an electrical installation an earthing system or grounding
system connects specific parts of that installation with
the Earth's conductive surface for safety and functional
purposes. The point of reference is the Earth's conductive
surface.

AAI Bhopal, Training Presentation (CNS)

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AAI Bhopal, Training Presentation (CNS)