The document investigates the decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan in August 1945, focusing on the Manhattan Project, President Truman's dilemma regarding a potential invasion, and the necessity to end the war swiftly. The first bomb, named 'Little Boy', was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, followed by 'Fat Man' on Nagasaki three days later, leading to immediate casualties of around 200,000 people and long-term radiation effects. It highlights the grave consequences of the bombings and the difficult choices faced by the U.S. leadership during the war.