Abortion

Abortion

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  Abortion Under supervision of: Dr.Hussien Sabit Dr. Hend Abou Elazm GROUP: EMAN BAHER MAHMOUD NESREEN ABDAALRAHMAN
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  Definition  The terminationof a pregnancy, followed by the death of the embryo or fetus: as A- spontaneous expulsion of a human fetus during the first 12 weeks of gestation, “ miscarriage”. B- induced expulsion of a human fetus C- expulsion of a fetus by a domestic animal often due to infection at any time before completion of pregnancy, “contagious abortion”.
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  Types Medical Surgical
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  Surgical ▪ surgical abortionprocedure used is based on the woman’s stage of pregnancy. ▪ Before seeking a surgical abortion procedure, you should obtain a sonogram to determine if the pregnancy is viable (uterine, non- ectopic pregnancy) .  Surgical procedures: 1- Aspiration (also referred to as suction aspiration, suction curettage, or vacuum aspiration). 2- Dilation & Evacuation (D&E). 3- Dilation and Extraction.
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  Medical ▪ a termapplied to an abortion brought about by medication taken to induce it, provides some measure of safety in that they eliminate the risk of injury to a woman's cervix or uterus from surgical instruments. ▪ The process of a medical abortion involves bleeding, often like a heavy menstrual period, which must be differentiated from hemorrhage (a serious problem). ▪ A rare and serious infection by the bacteria Clostridium sordellii is related to medical abortions.
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  Abortion Procedures ▪ Thetype of abortion procedure used is determined by a woman’s stage of pregnancy. ▪ 1- first trimester procedures: ▪ Medical abortions are only available up through 9 weeks gestation. A- Methotrexate & Misoprostol (MTX): used up to the first 7 weeks of pregnancy. B- Mifepristone and Misoprostol: used up to the 7 to 9 weeks of pregnancy. C- ManualVacuum Aspiration (MVA): used as early as 3 -12 weeks since the last period. Considered less invasive with only a local anesthesia being used on the cervix.
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  2- second trimesterprocedures: Medication-based abortion procedures are not an option during the second trimester. A- Dilation & Curettage (D & C): a surgical abortion procedure used to terminate a pregnancy up to 16 weeks gestation. B- Dilation & Evacuation (D & E): a surgical abortion procedure used to terminate a pregnancy after 16 weeks gestation. C- Induction Abortion: a rarely performed surgical procedure where salt water, urea, or potassium chloride is injected into the amniotic sac; prostaglandins are inserted into the vagina, and pitocin is injected intravenously.
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  3- third trimesterprocedure:  Third trimester or late term abortions are not legal in a number of states except in certain medical situations.  availability of any procedure used in the third trimester is based on the laws of that state. A- Induction Abortion. B- Dilation and Extraction: a surgical abortion procedure used to terminate a pregnancy after 21 weeks of gestation.This procedure is also known as D & X.
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  History of Abortion
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  Then and Now... Ancient Greece and Rome: ▪ Abortion was accepted in both ancient Rome and Greece.  Bible times: ▪ The OldTestament has several legal passages that refer to abortion.
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   Western history: ▪Through much ofWestern history abortion was not criminal if it was carried out before 'quickening'; that is before the fetus moved in the womb at between 18 and 20 weeks into the pregnancy.
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  England and America England: ▪ TheAbortion Act of 1967 ▪ TheAbortion Act of 1967 revolutionized the situation in England by allowing doctors to perform an abortion where two other doctors agree.
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  America ▪ Laws specificallyagainst abortion became widespread in America in the second half of the 1800s, and by 1900 abortion was illegal everywhere in the USA, except in order to save the life of the mother. ▪ Starting from 1973 abortion took many steps to become fully ligal .
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  Religion view
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  Islam ▪ Islam allowsabortion in two cases:  First, abortion is forbidden in Islam if he went one hundred and twenty days after the stability of the sperm in the womb because the Spirit blows in the fetus after this period it differs in some  Second, abortion is permitted in the case if it poses a threat to the mother's life
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   Christianity (Catholic): Muharramat all in the Catholic abortion, regardless of the duration of pregnancy.  Judaism: Made permissible in the first three months of pregnancy and then deny.
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  Legality
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  ▪ Abortion legallypermitted only to save a woman's life or protect her physical health. ▪ Legalization of abortion can prevent the unnecessary suffering and death of women. Restrictive abortion laws violate women's human rights based on agreements made at the UN InternationalConference on Population and Development in Cairo
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  ▪ As aresult the laws in the 19th century did not allow any termination of pregnancy. ▪ Between 1950 and 1985 almost all developed countries liberalized their abortion laws for reasons of human rights and safety.Where abortion is still illegal this is often due to old colonial laws
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  ▪ Abortion isallowed in most countries in order to save a woman's life (97% of countries) , Other commonly accepted reasons are preserving physical (67%) or mental health (63%). ▪ Abortion in the case of rape is accepted in about half of all countries (49%). ▪ Performing abortion only on the basis of a woman's request is allowed in 29% of all countries, including in North America and in most European countries.
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  Group opinion ▪ Thereare different opinions about abortion: The first, disagree with abortion because it is ending the life of an innocent baby, and we don’t have the right to end any human being life, and all religions against abortion. The second, agree with abortion in case of one of two conditions: ▪ if it occurs spontaneously . ▪ If it occurs to save the mother's life. Don't abort! Its not a tissue, its a baby with a beating heart !!!
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  CONCLUSION