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Adaptation for survival in plants
The document discusses the adaptations of plants to various habitats, including terrestrial and aquatic environments. It describes how factors like climate and water availability influence plant characteristics, with examples like cacti in deserts and mangroves in marshy areas. Additionally, it mentions unique plant types such as insectivorous plants and categorizes aquatic plants into floating, fixed, and underwater varieties.
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Adaptation for survival in plants
- 1. Science Adapta&ons in Plants Rajashri Bhairamadgi
- 2. Do you know … ?? • Have you ever wondered why leaves in a cactus plant are reduced to spines? • Why plants growing in hilly areas are tall and most of them have needle-‐shaped leaves? • Why do some plants float on water while others are submerged in it?
- 3. Adaptation • Plants have developed different features in order to survive in different places. The special features that allow an organism to live in a par@cular area are known as adapta&ons. • Example: Cactus plant is adapted to live in deserts, so leaves are reduced to spines.
- 4. Habitats of Plants What is habitat? The region where a living thing lives or grows naturally is called its habitat. Are there type of habitat? Plants differ greatly in their habitats and can be divided into two types on this basis-‐terrestrial plants and aqua@c plants.
- 5. Types of Plant Habitat Terrestrial Plants Aqua@c Plants
- 6. Types of habitat 1. Terrestrial plants: Plants that grow on land are known as terrestrial plants. Example: Mango tree and peepal tree are terrestrial plants. 2. Aqua&c plants: Plants that grow in water are called aqua@c plants. Example: Water hyacinth, lotus, hydrilla are aqua@c plants.
- 9. Adaptations in Plants A plant adapts itself according to the clima@c condi@ons of its habitat. The temperature of the place, amount of rainfall and sunshine received, and water availability are some of the factors which influence the adapta@ons developed by plants.
- 10. 1. Terrestrial plants Terrestrial plants can be further divided into different types based on their adapta@ons to suit the par@cular area in which they grow. For example: different types of plants grow in 1. Plains, 2. Deserts, 3. Hills, 4. Marshy places and 5. Coastal areas.
- 11. 1. Plants adapted to grow in plains In plains, the climate is warm to hot in summer and cold in Winter. The trees growing here have many branches. These trees shed their leaves in autumn and bear new leaves in spring. Examples: Mango, Neem, Peepal, Sheesham, etc. grow in plains.
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- 13. 2. Plants adapted to grow in deserts • Plants like cactus, date palm and prickly pear grows in desert. As we know that water is scare in in deserts, these plants adapted to survive with the least amount of water. • In such plants, the leaves are either reduced to spines or are absent. • The stem is green and performs photosynthesis and also stores food and water for the plant. • Such plants have long root system that go deep into the ground to absorb water.
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- 15. 3. Plants adapted to grow in hills • Trees like fir, pine and cedar grow in hilly areas and on mountains. The climate in such places is cold and snowfall is frequent. Therefore, the trees are tall, straight and conical to allow show to slide down easily. • Their leaves are waxy and needle-‐like, so that they lose minimum amount of water and shed snow without difficulty.
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- 17. 4. Plants adapted to grow in marshy places • Mangrove tree is the most common example of a plant growing in marshy areas. • These are the areas where soils clayey and very s@cky due to high water content. The roots of plants growing in such areas do not get sufficient air. • Thus, these plants develop and give out breathing roots that help them to breathe.
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- 19. 5. Plants adapted to grow in coastal areas • Coastal areas have hot and wet climate. Trees growing in these areas are adapted to grow in the presence of salty water. • They have plenty of leaves and do not shed their leaves throughout the year. Plants like coconut, teak and rubber grow well here.
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- 21. Quick recall Q1. Answer the following ques&ons orally. 1. What is habitat? 2. Name the factors which influence the adapta@ons developed by plants. 3. What are the adapta@ons of plants that grow in plains? 4. How is a coconut tree adapted to grow in coastal areas?
- 22. 2. Aquatic plants • Aqua@c plants have adapted themselves amazingly to survive in water. • These plants can be further dis@nguished into three types 1. Floa@ng plants, 2. Fixed plants and 3. Underwater plants.
- 23. 1. Floating plants • Duckweed, water leXuce and water hyacinth are some floa@ng plants. Most of these plants have a fibrous root system but they are not fixed at the boXom of the water body. Their roots just float below the surface. • These plants have floa@ng leaves which perform photosynthesis by trapping sunlight and carbon dioxide. Chlorophyll is present in the upper surface of the leaves as this is the only por@on which is exposed to sunlight. • Floa@ng plants are water leXuce light and spongy to facilitate floa@ng.
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- 25. Fixed plants • Lotus and water lily are two examples of fixed plants. They are called so because their roots are fixed to the boXom of the pond. • Their stems are long, hollow, light and flexible so that they can bend easily with the waves of water and do not get uprooted. • Their leaves float on the water surface.
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- 27. • Plants like hydrilla, pondweed and tape grass are some underwater plants. Such plants are completely submerged in water and have thin, ribbon-‐like narrow leaves. • There is no stomata in their leaves. • They absorb carbon dioxide given out by the aqua@c animals through their body to prepare food.
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- 29. Some Non-‐Green Plants • Have you seen a mushroom plant? If no, then ask your mother to show it to you. Mushrooms, molds and beech-‐drops are non-‐green plants that lack chlorophyll. Since these plants cannot make their own food through photosynthesis. Accept challenge! • Why can’t fixed plant grow under water?
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- 31. Unusual but Amazingly Interesting Plants Insec&vores plants There are some unusual plants like Venus flytrap, sundew and pitcher plant which eat insects. Their leaves are modified to capture insects. Such plants are called insec@vorous plants • In a pitcher plant, the leaf is modified into a pitcher-‐like structure. The leaf @p is modified to form a lid which can open and close the mouth of the pitcher. Once an insect enters the pitcher, the lid closes and the insect gets trapped inside.
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- 37. Remember 1. Trees which shed their leaves in autumn are known as deciduous trees. 2. Some trees like spruce, fir, pine, etc. do not shed their leaves at all during the year. Such trees are called evergreen trees. 3. The root system only helps to hold the floa@ng plants in their place. 4. Insec@vores plants are green and can carry out photosynthesis.
- 38. Thank you….. Happy learning