Adjuvants

Adjuvants

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  TOPIC ADJUVANTS Presenter/student Sandesh paudel Supervisor Prof.dR. hombhadurbasnet
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  Adjuvants  Latin, “adjuvare,”meaning “to help”,  Have ability to enhance and modulate immune response,  Also, increases high degree of cellular immunity,  Injected together with antigen.
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  Role of Adjuvants: Improve the immunogenicity of antigens/vaccines.  Reduce the dose of antigen.  Improve the efficacy of vaccines in immune- compromised persons
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  Types of Adjuvants 1.Alum:(Aluminium potassium sulphate):  makes slower release of antigen.  Acts to increase antigen persistance.  ↑ Local cytokines and chemokines.  ↑ Cell recruitment (eosinophils, monocytes, macrophages)
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  Delay release ofantigen. Enhanced uptake by macrophages 2. Freund’s Adjuvants A: Freund’s incomplete adjuvants:  antigen emulsified in mineral oil. B: Freund’s complete adjuvants:  Oil-in-water with inactivated and dried mycobacteria  Induction of co-stimulators in macrophages
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  3. Synthetic polyribonucleotidesand bacterial lipopolysaccharides(LPS)  Stimulates APCs  Induction of co-stimulators  Stimulates non-specific lymphocytes proliferation
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  Mechanisms of Adjuvants Precipitatesthe antigen Activates macrophage increases size, enhance phagocytosis prolongs persistence increases expression of B7 and MHC-ll Stimulates local inflammation
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  Pattern recognition receptor, receptorsof the innate immune system
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  Adverse effects ofAdjuvants classified into 1.Local reactions:  Local injection site pain, inflammation, swelling, and necrosis, granulomas, ulcers and generation of sterile abscesses etc. 2. Systemic reactions:  Induction of acquired immunodeficiency, immunosuppression, eosinophilia, allergy, organ specific toxicity and immunotoxicity.
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  Okay!! That’s mytime By sandesh paudel